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Laporan Persidangan/ Report on Conferences Report on the Workshop on Thesaurus Construction for the Clearinghouse of Information on Women in Development (6-10 January 1986: Jakarta) Khoo Siew Mun* The Workshop on the Thesaurus Construction under the auspices of the Asean Women's Programme was attended by 15 participants from the ASEAN coun- tries. Malaysia was represented by Mrs. Khoo Siew Mun, University of Malaya Library, and Mrs. Majmin bte Abdul Rahman, Secretariat for Women's Affairs, Prime Minister's Department. After a brief opening ceremony at which the re- presentatives of the funding agencies and the Co- ordinator for the Project welcomed the participants and outlined the background to the Workshop, the members got down to discussion by about 10 a.m. of the first day. The meeting elected Ms. Luwarsih Pring- goadisurjo, Director of the Pusat Dokumentasi Nasio- nallndonesia (PDIN) to chair the Workshop. Subsequently, all sessions stretched from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. with one afternoon's lunch break being given over to a museum visit. CONCEPTUAL ASPECTS The first day was generally given over to discussing the concepts behind the thesaurus and deciding to what purpose specifically the thesaurus ought to be targetted. The Workshop reiterated the need for a special thesaurus on women in development as a tool for ex- change of information within the region on this field as has been debated upon in earlier forums. The first plenary session addressed itself initially to the question of the direct focus for the thesaurus, as to whether 'Women in development', 'Women's studies'; or just 'Women' should be the target of the thesaurus. The meeting then decided to devolve into sub-committee to resolve this question. It was felt that the conceptual framework of the thesaurus must be resolved before any other discussion could take place relevantly: in relation to the entries which could go specifically into the thesaurus; as well as the style and wording of the entries. The sub-committee consisted of the Regional Coordinator in the chair, guiding the chief delegates from each Asean country. *Chief Librarian, University of Malaya. Kekal Abadi, JII. 5, Bil. 1, Mac 1986. It was resolved that there is essentially no contra- diction between the term 'Women' and 'Women in development'. It was agreed that 'Women in develop- ment' would be the target or focus of the thesaurus but that this phrase will be interpreted in the widest possible way in order to accommodate all the aspects, ways, and situations in which women contribute to the developmental process. Specifically, the thesaurus will attempt to help organize materials in relation to 14 major categories in which women play an important role. The categories as proposedl cover the role of women in political, social, economic and legal devel- opment; the position of women in religion inter- national relations (as for example their regional groupings and associations of women); population and demography; on education and women' on the biological and psychological conditions of 'women' women and the part they play in literature and the arts, in the sciences and technological fields and in historical development. Other generalliteratu~es such as biographies and bibliographies on women, etc. were also proposed to be covered. CONSTRUCTION OF THE THESAURUS ~or the second part of its work the meeting con- sidered the draft thesaurus which had already been compiled by the PDIN team. Throughout the Work- shop, the participants found this draft thesaurus to be a very useful basis for discussion. The approach to the thesaurus construction adopted so far by the team had been the 'merging' method whereby terms are selected from a number of thesauri and are merged to form a new thesaurus. The Workshop was briefed on the style and format of the thesaurus together with the way thesaural relation- ships in the index terms had been established. Examination of Index Entry Terms The Workshop first examined about 50 entries of the thesaurus in a plenary session. This gave an overall view to the members as to how the thesaurus worked. It also gave an opportunity to the members to question individual entries of the thesaurus. It also revealed the intricacy of the process. tSee the Report on the Workshop by the Coordinator, Ms. Luwarsih Pringgoadisurjo. A copy is available for reference in the Bahagian Koleksi Kebangsaan. 31

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Laporan Persidangan/ Report on Conferences

Report on the Workshop on ThesaurusConstruction for the Clearinghouse ofInformation on Women in Development

(6-10 January 1986: Jakarta)

Khoo Siew Mun*

The Workshop on the Thesaurus Construction underthe auspices of the Asean Women's Programme wasattended by 15 participants from the ASEAN coun-tries. Malaysia was represented by Mrs. Khoo SiewMun, University of Malaya Library, and Mrs. Majminbte Abdul Rahman, Secretariat for Women's Affairs,Prime Minister's Department.

After a brief opening ceremony at which the re-presentatives of the funding agencies and the Co-ordinator for the Project welcomed the participantsand outlined the background to the Workshop, themembers got down to discussion by about 10 a.m. ofthe first day. The meeting elected Ms. Luwarsih Pring-goadisurjo, Director of the Pusat Dokumentasi Nasio-nallndonesia (PDIN) to chair the Workshop.

Subsequently, all sessions stretched from 9 a.m. to4 p.m. with one afternoon's lunch break being givenover to a museum visit.

CONCEPTUAL ASPECTSThe first day was generally given over to discussingthe concepts behind the thesaurus and deciding towhat purpose specifically the thesaurus ought to betargetted.

The Workshop reiterated the need for a specialthesaurus on women in development as a tool for ex-change of information within the region on this fieldas has been debated upon in earlier forums.

The first plenary session addressed itself initiallyto the question of the direct focus for the thesaurus,as to whether 'Women in development', 'Women'sstudies'; or just 'Women' should be the target of thethesaurus. The meeting then decided to devolve intosub-committee to resolve this question. It was feltthat the conceptual framework of the thesaurus mustbe resolved before any other discussion could takeplace relevantly: in relation to the entries whichcould go specifically into the thesaurus; as well as thestyle and wording of the entries. The sub-committeeconsisted of the Regional Coordinator in the chair,guiding the chief delegates from each Asean country.

*Chief Librarian, University of Malaya.

Kekal Abadi, JII. 5, Bil. 1, Mac 1986.

It was resolved that there is essentially no contra-diction between the term 'Women' and 'Women indevelopment'. It was agreed that 'Women in develop-ment' would be the target or focus of the thesaurusbut that this phrase will be interpreted in the widestpossible way in order to accommodate all the aspects,ways, and situations in which women contribute tothe developmental process.

Specifically, the thesaurus will attempt to helporganize materials in relation to 14 major categoriesin which women play an important role.

The categories as proposedl cover the role ofwomen in political, social, economic and legal devel-opment; the position of women in religion inter-national relations (as for example their regionalgroupings and associations of women); populationand demography; on education and women' on thebiological and psychological conditions of 'women'women and the part they play in literature and thearts, in the sciences and technological fields and inhistorical development. Other generalliteratu~es suchas biographies and bibliographies on women, etc.were also proposed to be covered.

CONSTRUCTION OF THE THESAURUS~or the second part of its work the meeting con-sidered the draft thesaurus which had already beencompiled by the PDIN team. Throughout the Work-shop, the participants found this draft thesaurus to bea very useful basis for discussion.

The approach to the thesaurus constructionadopted so far by the team had been the 'merging'method whereby terms are selected from a number ofthesauri and are merged to form a new thesaurus. TheWorkshop was briefed on the style and format of thethesaurus together with the way thesaural relation-ships in the index terms had been established.

Examination of Index Entry TermsThe Workshop first examined about 50 entries of thethesaurus in a plenary session. This gave an overallview to the members as to how the thesaurus worked.It also gave an opportunity to the members toquestion individual entries of the thesaurus. It alsorevealed the intricacy of the process.

tSee the Report on the Workshop by the Coordinator, Ms.Luwarsih Pringgoadisurjo. A copy is available for referencein the Bahagian Koleksi Kebangsaan.

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Examination of Index Terms in Working GroupsThe Workshop then devolved into 3 working groups:each group comprising regional representatives aswell as members of the working team from PDIN.

Each group systematically worked through varioussections of the thesaurus in order to determine thefollowing factors:(a) Whether a term is relevant or irrelevant.(b) Whether a term could be 'improved from the

editorial or semantic viewpoint.(c) Determining whether the thesaural relationships

used in the draft thesaurus were logically oracademically acceptable.

(d) Infusion of new relevant terms where suchterms have been left out.

In this manner the bulk of the draft thesaurus wasgone through. At the end of the exercise the thesau-rus construction team was given an idea as to the wayin which the second draft was to be constructed andthe chief faults and weaknesses which could be re-medied.

Testing of the ThesaurusThe last but one session was given over to the actualtesting of the thesaurus by matching actual materialagainst the index terms. For this, each group usedeither indexes or abstracts on women's studies whichwere provided by the various team members.

It was borne out by this session that the draftthesaurus needs to be tidied up, expanded and newterms need to be introduced.

In addition, the current terms must be examinedboth from the viewpoint of semantics, as well as fromthe thesaural relationships between index entries.

CONCLUSIONThe meeting resolved that the following points shouldbe observed in the construction of the second draft.(i) Concentration should be on the regional thesau-

rus which will be used for clearing informationon a general level. Each country, however,could at its own discretion expand certainterms for its own use. This relates especially tolocal terms; local geographical regions andareas; local practices and activities of womenincluding official organisations and women'smovements in each country.

(ii) The thesaurus team will shift their method-ology from the 'merging methodology' ofconstructing the thesaurus to use a combinationof merging and the empirical bottom-up ap-proach. Where necessary, for certain broadfields such as education, the theoretical top-down approach will be used to refine thethesaurus.

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(iii) A period of testing the draft thesaurus will alsobe allocated to country members who will beasked to consult subject specialists as well asprofessionals in the field to determine therelevancy and accuracy of terms.

Division of WorkThe 14 categories to be covered by the next draftthesaurus will be divided up between the regionalteams to check and to test. Malaysia was given thetask of testing and examining entries on (a) popul-ation and demography, (b) religion and philosophy,and (c) education of women.

Scheduling of WorkThe working team will review, amend and expand thefirst draft thesaurus as advised by the Workshop. Thesecond draft is scheduled to be ready by March 1986.

On receipt of this draft thesaurus, each regionalteam will test the draft by July or August of 1986.

All corrections by the regional groups will bepicked up by the thesaurus construction team fromAugust 1986. The revised second edition is scheduledto be completed by December 1986.

FINAL SESSION

Draft ReportThe draft report on this Workshop by the Coordinatorof the Project was adopted with some amendments,at a plenary session on 10 January 1986.

The Workshop closed with expressions of mutualgoodwill and cooperation. The. regional represent-atives expressed their confidence in the Indonesianteam's ability to produce a second draft, under theable guidance of the Coordinator; and warmlythanked the hosts for their constant hospitality andcare for the delegates. This went a long way towardsmaking the Workshop enjoyable as well as being anenriching experience.

8engkel Pengurusan TerbitanUndang-undang Malaysia

(13-16 J anuari 1986: Kuala Lumpur)

Sharipah Hanon Bidin*

Bengkel Pengurusan Terbitan Undang-undang Malay-sia ini telah dianjurkan bersama oleh PerpustakaanNegara Malaysia dan Jabatan Peguam Negara, bertem-

*Pustakawan Tingkatan Blasa, Perpustakaan Undang-undang,Universiti Malaya.

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pat di Perpustakaan Jabatan Peguam Negara, Bangun-an Bank Rakyat, Kuala Lumpur. Bengkel ini diadakanselama 4 hari, iaitu dari 13 hingga 16 Januari 1986.

Walaupun bengkel ini telah diadakan secara tahun-an khas untuk para pustakawan di jabatan-jabatan ke-rajaan, namun atas permintaan lain-lain institusi, ia-nva telah dibukakan pada tahun ini kepada pesertadaripada universiti-universiti tempatan, badan-badanberkanun selain daripada jabatan-jabatan kerajaan itu.Jumlah peserta dihadkan supaya tidak terlalu ramaidan tahun ini seramai 27 orang para pustakawan dariinstitusi tersebut telah menyertai bengkel yang amatberfaedah ini.

Pada dua hari pertama, kuliah-kuliah telah diberi-kan dan topik-topik berkaitan dan mengenai latar-belakang kepada pengurusan terbitan undang-undangMalaysia disampaikan oleh para pensyarah yang ter-diri daripada Pegawai-pegawai Undang-undang di[abatan Peguam Negara (JPN). Di an tara topiknyaialah:1. Perkembangan perundangan dari segi sejarah

dan perlembagaan. (Historical and constitutionaldevelopment in regard to legislation).Pengwujudan Wilayah Persekutuan dan undang-undang yang terpakai. (Creation of FederalTerritories and the laws applicable thereat).Parlimen dan Dewan Undangan Negeri. (Parlia-ment and State Legislative Assemblies).Akta Tafsiran. (Interpretation laws)Penyemakan dan Cetakan Semula Undang-undang dan Naskah yang Sahih bagi undang-undang bertulis. (Revision and Reprint of Lawsand Authoritative text of written laws)

Sejarah perkembangan perundangan dan perlem-bagaan Malaysia bermula dari awal abad ke-19 lagidi mana penubuhan Negeri-negeri Selat pada 1824telah memulakan penguasaan British dalam pemerin-tahan negeri-negeri tersebut dan kemudian bertapak-nya sistem Residen di Negeri-negeri Melayu Bersekutu(FMS) dan penubuhan Majlis Mesyuarat Negeri yangmeluluskan perintoh do/am mesyuarat.

Perkembangan perundangan berterusan dengan pe-nubuhan pentadbiran British Military Administration,Malayan Union, Persekutuan Tanah Melayu (1948)dan selepas merdeka hingga ke hari ini. Undang-undang yang diperbuat mengikut peringkat-peringkatpemerintahan tersebut iaitu Ordinan/Enakmen/ Aktaadalah bahan-bahan bertulis yang sangat bernilaidalam sejarah perundangan kerana dari bahan-bahanini tercatat corak dan bentuk pemerintahan yang di-jalankan. Undang-undang ini masih ada yang terusterpakai hingga sekarang walaupun banyak undang-undang awal telah dimansuhkan. Beberapa contohundang-undang telah diberikan kerana bahan-bahan

2.

3.

4.5.

ini dengan mudah diperolehi daripada koleksi per-pustakaan di JPN itu.

Perbincangan mengenai pengwujudan Wilayah Per-sekutuan adalah sangat rnenarlk; memandangkankesan daripada pengwujudan Wilayah PersekutuanKuala Lumpur dan Lah~uandan undang-undang yangterpakai ke atas kedua-dua Wilayah terdapat beberapaperbezaan. Dalam beberapa hal undang-undang yangterpakai ke atas negeri Selangor dan Sabah adalah ter-pakai ke atas Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur danWilayah Persekutuan Labuan dengan penyesuaian.Pihak Kerajaan Persekutuan juga dalam banyak per-kara menguatkuasakan undang-undang Persekutuanke atas Wilayah-wilayah tersebut.

Di dalam kuliah mengenai kuasa perundangan pe-merintahan, Perlembagaan Malaysia telah memperun-tukkan beberapa peruntukan Persekutuan dan Negeri.Kuliah juga menerangkan tentang sistem dan prosesParlimen dan Dewan Negeri dengan menyentuhaspek-aspek bidang kuasa dan perjalanan/prosessebelum sesuatu undang-undang diluluskan. Walau-pun secara am, adalah diketahui bahawa kuasa Parli-men atau Dewan Undangan Negeri membuat undang-undang tetapi dari kuliah tersebut maklumat yanglebih mendalam dan terperinci disampaikan dengantujuan supaya para peserta tahu peringkat-peringkatsebelum undang-undang diwartakan di dalam WortoKerojoon.

Kuliah mengenai Akta Tafsiran dan penyemakandan cetakan semula undang-undang Malaysia telah dl-berikan di hari kedua: Tugas-tugas jabatan ini juga dl-terangkan walaupun ianya sangat rumit tetapi ber-maklumat. Oleh kerana ianya tersangat 'spesifik',peserta-peserta telah diberitahu secara sepintas lalutentang bagaimana Akto Tofsiron boleh digunakan didalam proses membuat undang-undang dan jugadalam penyemakan undang-undang.

Hari ke-3 dan ke-4 adalah latihan praktik bagi ke-semua peserta tetapi terlebih dahulu beberapa perkarapenting mengenai penerbitan undang-undang di dalam'Worto Kerajaan' dijelaskan. Peserta telah dimintamembuat pindaan-pindaan keatas akta dan peraturan-peraturan yang diberikan sebagai latihan. Di sinilahkemahiran dan pengetahuan awal tentang undang-undang yang tersebut sangat penting. Namun begitu,memandangkan ramai peserta baru 'berkenalan' de-ngan penerbitan perundangan, maka masa praktikalini dirasakan terlalu pendek.

Pada keseluruhannya bengkel ini sangatlah ber-faedah dan memberikan manfaat kepada para pusta-kawan yang hadir. Masing-masing apabila selesai beng-kel dijangka dapat menguruskan penerbitan perun-dangan yang diperolehi dengan lebih teratur dan ke-maskini. Objektif yang dijangkakan iaitu bertujuanmeluaskan pengetahuan mengenai sistem perundang-

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an Malaysia dan meninggikan kemahiran dalam peng-urusan dan penyelenggaraan terbitan undang-undangMalaysia, sedikit sebanyak telah tercapai kerana ham-pir semua menyokong dan meminta agar bengkel se-umpama ini dipanjangkan atau suatu 'refreshercourse' diadakan bagi mereka yang hadir.

Kursus Permulaan Sains Perpustakaan danMaklumat Untuk Pembantu/

Kerani Perpustakaan(13-18 Januari 1986: Kuala Lumpur)

Latifah binti Sher Mohamad*Rosmina binti Adam*

Kursus Pendek Pembantu/Kerani Perpustakaan ini di-anjurkan oleh Persatuan Perpustakaan Malaysia dandiadakan selama satu minggu dari 13-18 j anuari1986 di Maktab Kerjasama Malaysia, Petaling java.Kursus ini dirasmikan oleh Naib Presiden Satu PPM,Cik Noor Aini Osman.

30 orang peserta dari berbagai-bagai institusi, firmadan badan berkanun menghadiri kursus ini. Ada jugapeserta-peserta yang datang daripada jauh, iaitu Sabahdan Sarawak. Kami berdua telah mewakill Perpusta-kawan Universiti Malaya.

Tujuan kursus ini diadakan adalah seperti berikut:1. Untuk memahami peranan perpustakaan dalam

penyampaian dan penyebaran maklumat.2. Untuk memahami organisasi bahagian-bahagian

di perpustakaan dan tanggungjawab semua pe-ringkat kakitangan.

3. Untuk mengetahui dan memahami serta meng-hargai tugas-tugas kerani/pembantu dan peran-an mereka dalam organisasi sistem perpustaka-an.

4. Untuk melatih mereka menjalankan tugas hari-an dengan lebih berkesan.

5. Untuk memupuk sikap yang sesuai terhadaptanggungjawab dan perkhidmatan kepada peng-guna.

Seramai 8 orang pensyarah terlibat di dalam kursusini. Mereka ialah: Puan Shahaneem Mustafa (Perpus-takaan Awam Negeri Selangor), Puan Laila Hassan(Perpustakaan Institut Teknologi Mara), EncikAbdullah Kadir Baca (Perpustakaan jabatan PerdanaMenteri), Puan Rahmah Abdul j alii (PerpustakaanUniversiti Pertanian Malaysia), Puan Zohrah Ibrahim(Perpustakaan Institut Teknologi Mara), Puan Inda-shah H]. Sidek (Perpustakaan Institut Teknologi

*Kerani, Perpustakaan Universiti Malaya.

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Mara), Puan Sharozat Ibrahim (Perpustakaan InstitutTeknologi Mara), dan Encik Chew Wing Fong(Lincoln Resource Centre).

Di an tara perkara-perkara yang dlliputi ialah: pen-tadbiran dan pengurusan, perolehan, pengkatalogan,kerja-kerja sirkulasi, perhubungan awam, perkhid-matan rujukan dan penggunaan bahan-bahan pan-dang-dengar.

Selain daripada mendengar syarahan-syarahan,peserta-peserta juga dikehendaki membuat latihan-latihan praktik. Ini termasuk juga latihan-Iatihanpraktik seperti mengkatalog dan menjawab pertanya-an rujukan. Kami juga membuat lawatan ke Perpusta-kaan Petronas dan Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia.

Walaupun kursus ini sangat singkat masanya, iameliputi segala aspek berkenaan dengan urusan danfungsi sesebuah perpustakaan. Pada keseluruhannyakursus ini mencapai matalamatnya dan member] sedi-kit sebanyak faedah kepada peserta-peserta yangmenghadirinya.

Pada hari penutup kursus ini Presiden PPM PuanZawiyah Baba telah sudi datang dan menyampaikansijil-sijil kepada peserta-peserta. Beliau menyatakanbahawa kursus ini mendapat sambutan yang sangatmenggalakkan dikalangan peserta-peserta dan PPMakan menganjurkan kursus-kursus seperti ini darimasa ke semasa.

Ceramah Pengenalan Sistem Paten(25 Februari 1986: Shah Alam)

Andrew Lee*

Ceramah ini dianjurkan oleh Pusat Penerangan danDokumentasi Paten atau Patent Information andDocumentation Centre (PIDC) untuk memperkenal-kan kepada para penyelidik, pengusaha perusahaandan orang awam mengenai peranan dan fungsi Pusatserta kemudahan-kemudahan yang diberikan olehPusat ini. PIDC ditubuhkan pada 1hb Mei 1984 se-bagai satu bahagian di Institut Piawaian dan Penyeli-dikan Perindustrian Malaysia (SIRIM) untuk memberiperkhidmatan dan kemudahan-kemudahan dengantujuan memajukan sistem hakmilik industri tempatan(indigenous industrial property system), khususnyadalam bidang perkembangan teknologi dan ciptaan.Pusat ini juga memberi bantuan teknikal dalam per-laksanaan Akta Paten Malaysia (Akta 291 (1983)).

Seramai dua puluh peserta terdiri daripada peguam-peguam, pengusaha-pengusaha industri, penyelidik,

*Pegawai Perpustakaan, Perpustakaan Kejuruteraan, Univer-siti Malaya.

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pencipta-pencipta dan pustakawan menghadiri cera-mah setengah hari itu. Sesi-sesi dibahagikan kepadaceramah yang diberikan oleh kakitangan Pusat, per-tunjukan slaid dan video, sesi soaljawab dan lawatanke bahagian-bahagian Pusat ini. Ceramah-ceramaholeh kakitangan PIDC memberi gambaran am menge-nai tajuk-tajuk seperti berikut:1. Definasi hakmilik industri.2. Fungsi PIDC dan kemudahan-kemudahan dan

perkhidmatan-perkhidmatan yang diberikan.3. Alat-alat yang digunakan untuk mencari atau

mengkelaskan dokumen paten, misalnya meng-gunakan 'Information Patent Classification(IPC) System'.

4. Dokumen-dokumen paten yang disimpan diPIDC seperti Malaysian Patents, U.S. Patents,European Patents, International Patents,Australian Specifications, Japanese PatentsAbstracts dan International Patents Document-ation Centre Services (INPADOC).

5. Cara-cara mencari maklumat atau dokumenpaten.

Pertunjukan slaid dan video memberi penjelasansecara ringkas perkara-perkara yang dibincangkanoleh penceramah-penceramah. Sesi soal-jawab ber-jalan lancar khususnya pertanyaan mengenai hal me-rahsiakan (secrecy) semasa Pusat menjalankan pen-carian maklumat ataupun mempertimbangkan per-mohonan paten. Perbicaraan juga meliputi yuran yangdikenakan oleh Pusat untuk menggunakan perkhid-matan dan kemudahannya.

Dalam program lawatan, peserta-peserta ditunjukkemudahan yang berada di Pusat. Satu demonstrasimencari dokumen paten ditunju kkan oleh seorangkakitangan Pusat dan ini memberi peluang kepadapara peserta melihat dengan sendiri pelbagai bentukdokumen paten yang disimpan, kebanyakannya

dalam bentuk mikrofom, dan alat-alat membaca yangdigunakan untuk membaca mikrofom tertentu.

Selepas ceramah, para peserta bersetuju bahawasesi-sesi berfaedah kepada mereka, terutama dalam:1. Meluaskan fahaman mereka mengenai paten

dan maklumat paten.2. Meluaskan kesedaran terhadap satu pusat sum-

ber maklumat yang amat berfaedah kepadaprofesion mereka serta orang ramal,

3. Meluaskan fahaman mereka mengenai peranandan fungsi PIDC.

4. Pengurangan kos serta masa yang terlibat se-masa mencari maklumat mengenai paten.

Perkara yang menarik perhatian para peserta cera-mah ini ialah maklumat bahawa kemudahan-kemuda-han PIDC dibuka kepada orang ramai dan Pusathanya mengenakan yuran nominal jika salinan foto-kopi diminta atau jika ia menjalankan pencarian rnak-lumat untuk pihak peminta.

Sebagai lanjutan kepada Ceramah ini, PIDC ber-cadang mengadakan satu latihan amali pada masaakan datang dengan tujuan memberi latihan praktikmencari maklumat paten dengan menggunakan ke-mudahan-kemudahan yang sedia ada di Pusat ter-sebut.

Diharap pustakawan-pustakawan dapat menghadiribengkel yang akan datang untuk meluaskan pengala-man mereka supaya dapat memberi perkhidmatanyang berkesan kepada pengguna-pengguna mereka.

Kakitangan akadernik di Universiti Malaya, khusus-nya jurutera-jurutera di Fakulti Kejuruteraan bolehmendapat faedah jika mereka menggunakan sumbermaklumat seperti yang tersebut di atas dalam penyeli-dikan dan pengajaran mereka.

Maklumat am mengenai PIDC disimpan di PejabatPerpustakaan Kejuruteraan, Universiti Malaya danuntuk keterangan lanjut sila berhubung dengan PIDC.

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