Language

Varieties

Maria Francisca Rojas Victoriano

The Standard Language

Forms the basis of printed English

which Taught at schoolsNewspapers and

books

Used in Mass media

Used to teach English as a

second language

So it is

Associated with

Education and broadcasting

Easily described in Written languag

eIn the UK

In the US

Standard British English

Standard American English

Aspects of pronunciation

Every language-user has an accent

Which

Identifies where someone is from

both

regionally

sociallyand

Technically referring to

both

Need to be distinguished

describes Accent Dialect& Grammar

Vocabulary Aspects of pronunciation

where

Differences in vocabulary are easily recognized

but

Variations in meaning of grammatical

constructions are less frequent

The dialect continuum Bilingualism

meaning

A dialect existing without ‘breaking’ between regions

while

People who use variations of a

dialect between regions

are

Bidialectal butWhen people use two different languages

We are referring to

As in

Canada Which was an

English-speaking country

With a

French-speaking minority

whereSomeone speaks one

language and learns the ‘dominant language’, in order to take part in the

society

Most of the population use the Standard as their official language, playing a very important part in

their identities

Standard variety

Language planning

Used when

A country is bilingual

so

An official language must be chosen

through‘selection’

then‘codification’

where

Basic grammars, dictionaries and

written models are used

To

establish

It follows

‘elaboration’

where Standard variety is developed for use in all aspects of social

life

Next is

‘implementation’ and finally

‘acceptance’

where

Pidgin Creole

Is a

is

Variety of language

A Pidgin developed

beyond its role

Developed to

Trade among groups of people

who

Did not know each other’s languages

Its origin isForm the

Chinese word ‘business’

It develops as

The first language of pidgin-speakers’

children

soCreoles have more native

speakers

Vocabulary elements of it can become grammatical

elements

in

The Post-Creole continuum

creolization decreolizationProcesses where

Development from pidgin to

Creole

Leads to the external

standard model

soIt leaves a basic variety of Creole

Known as

basilect

Known as

arolect Between them:

mesolects

This processes of Creole evolution is

called: Post-Creole continuum