Language: Misleading and Evasive Tactics. Framing Effects: Definition A framing effect occurs when...
-
Upload
grant-barrett -
Category
Documents
-
view
221 -
download
0
Transcript of Language: Misleading and Evasive Tactics. Framing Effects: Definition A framing effect occurs when...
Language:Misleading and Evasive Tactics
Framing Effects: Definition
A framing effect occurs when different, but logically equivalent, words or phrases cause individuals to alter their preference
Which sounds more appealing?
glass that is "half-full“ glass that is "half-empty”
Framing Effects: Consequences
Redescribing your options sometimes changes your choice.
In short, peoples’ preferences shift due to arbitrary changes in wording.
Framing Effects: Process
Critical Thinking
FACTS and EVIDENCE
EV
ALU
ATE
LOGICAL INFERENCESC
oncl
usi
on
Framing Effects: Why a difference?
When framed as lives SAVED…
people are risk averse so opt for sure savings of 200 lives
When framed as lives LOST…
people are risk seeking so opt to take chance at saving everyone
Framing Effects: Applications
Self-esteem
You earned a B when your friends got a C You earned a B when you friends got an A
Health
The Invisible Killer Memory
Framing Effects: Applications
Morals
Trolley versus Footbridge Other variations
Can you come up with a hypothesis? How to test hypothesis?
Framing Effects: Applications
Emotions Good – Emotions serve as critical rules of thumb
when information is incomplete or too complex Bad – Emotions can render decisions irrational, or
can interfere with decision-making processes
Framing Effects: Applications
Economy
Imagine you are trying to sell a product. Are you better off presenting the customer with a bill that says $96, delivery included; or a price that says Groceries $88, Delivery $8?
Politics
Agenda setting - Framing issues shapes the way the public understands the causes of and the solutions to political events
How would you frame it if…
Framing Effects: What can we do about it?
Bad news - Even people with experience and expertise are not immune to framing effects
Good news - Framing effects can be reduced through detailed processing, such as providing a rationale for your choices
Extra-credit Opportunity
Watch any news program that has “pundits” from both sides of the political debate
Then describe:
(1) What is the issue?
(2) Which side of the issue is each pundit on?
(3) What language does each pundit use?
(4) How does that language favor their side?