Language in use.ppt

7/28/2019 Language in use.ppt

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Language in UseMarion Durbahn


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A Sample of Language

Words

Phrases

Clauses

Abstract units of linguistic analysis

Sentences

The actual use of language

Text


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What is text?

Denotation

Denotation refers to the literalmeaning of a word, the "dictionary

definition."

Connotation (Refer)

refers to the associations that areconnected to a certain word or theemotional suggestions related to thatword.

http://www.eng.fju.edu.tw/English_Literature/terms/denotation.htm


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Exercise

Snake

Spider

Mother

Dessert

Jewel

Lazy


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Context can be:

Understood as Physical reality

Psychological reality

Hewings and Hewings (2005) multifaceted nature

of context Local linguistic context or co-text

The wider linguistic context or intextextuality

The local situational context

The wider sociocultural context or socio-political

aspects

Real or imaginary


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Text and Discourse

Utilitarian purpose designedto get things done: notices,labels,

instructions, etc

Or

Social Purpose Give information

Express a point of view

Shape opinion

Provide entertainment

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Exercises

What are the purpose (functions of theseutterances?

1. Its a cold one today. [From one neighbor to

another as they pass by

each other.] 2. Teacher: What is 5 1 2? Student: 7.

3. I pronounce you man and wife. [Said by

minister.]

4. I promise to be there at five. 5. Can you lift a hundred pounds?

6. Can you pass me the salt?

7. Pass me the salt.


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Find the purpose

C: This looks like this is an egg.

M: Ok well this...

Thats exactly what it is!

How did you know?

C: Because it looks like it.

M: Thats what it says,

see look egg, egg.

...Replica of a dinosauregg.

From the oviraptor.


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If I say

The king and queen died

The king died and then the queen died

The king died and then the queen died from grief

The queen died because the king died


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Spoken and Written text

Encondedmeaning

SemanticMeaning

Pragmatic

Purpose

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Textualization Interpretation


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Properties of Texts

Beaugrande and Dressler (1981) sevenconstitutive principles of text

1. Cohesion

2. Coherence

3. Intentionality4. Acceptability

5. Informativity

6. Situationality

7. Intertextuality


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Cohesion

Reference Endophoric Reference

Anaphoric Reference

Cataphoric Reference

Exoforic Reference

Conjunction

Substitution

Ellipsis

Lexical cohesion


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Coherence

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