Language Language DevelopmentDevelopmentBirth to Age 2Birth to Age 2

Aimee Cohen &

Sandy Sunnongmuang

Dr. Bartel 322

What is Language?What is Language? A rule-governed symbol system for

communicating meaning through a shared code of arbitrary symbols

A codeA code

1.1. ReadingReading

2.2. WritingWriting

3.3. SpeakingSpeaking

4.4. Some gesture systemsSome gesture systems

What makes up this What makes up this language code?language code?

* Rules* Rules CreatingCreating1.1. SoundsSounds

2.2. LettersLetters

3.3. Body movementsBody movements ModifyingModifying1.1. Girl + -s = girls, walk + -ed = walked,Girl + -s = girls, walk + -ed = walked,

2.2. teach + -er = teacher, quick + -ly = quickly,teach + -er = teacher, quick + -ly = quickly,

3.3. Dis- + obey = disobeyDis- + obey = disobey

What makes up this What makes up this language code?language code?

CombiningCombining MeaningMeaning ConversationConversation1.1. Telling a storyTelling a story

2.2. Using different forms of language for different Using different forms of language for different listenerslisteners

3.3. PurposesPurposes

4.4. SituationsSituations

Understanding of Understanding of LanguageLanguage

Most human characteristicMost human characteristic Many ways to expressMany ways to express

SpeakingSpeaking Using sign languageUsing sign language WritingWriting Using computerized Using computerized

communication devicescommunication devices

How is Language How is Language Learned?Learned?

Gradually through interactionGradually through interaction

Symbolization of thoughtSymbolization of thought

Speech-language pathologistsSpeech-language pathologistsAKA speech therapistsAKA speech therapists

The professionalsThe professionals Assess speech & language developmentAssess speech & language development

Treat language & speech disordersTreat language & speech disorders

Also help w/ swallowing disordersAlso help w/ swallowing disorders

Semantic DevelopmentSemantic Development

Semantics; study of meaning of words Semantic Component Theory

All words have fundamental features “Colorless green ideas sleep furiously”

NOT green & colorless Selection restrictions

Syntactic DevelopmentSyntactic Development

Syntax;Syntax; study of rules that study of rules that govern how words are put govern how words are put together to make together to make sentencessentences

Phonological Phonological DevelopmentDevelopment

Phonology; study of sound system (phonemes) Rules Phoneme Vowels; unobstructed flow of air Consonants; obstructed flow of air

Morphological DevelopmentMorphological Development

Morphology; study of words & how formed

Rules Morphemes1. Free (cat, farm, blue, berry)2. Bound ( -s, -er, -ed)

Pragmatic Pragmatic Development/SkillsDevelopment/Skills

Develop in early weeks of lifeDevelop in early weeks of life1.1. KnowingKnowing2.2. ParticipateParticipate3.3. Notice & RespondNotice & Respond4.4. AwarenessAwareness5.5. InitiatingInitiating6.6. MaintainMaintain7.7. Appropriate eye-contactAppropriate eye-contact8.8. DistinguishDistinguish

Receptive Language: Receptive Language: Developmental MilestonesDevelopmental Milestones

BirthBirth Learning starts at birthLearning starts at birth Awareness of soundsAwareness of sounds CryingCrying Become “still”Become “still”

Receptive Language: Receptive Language: Developmental MilestonesDevelopmental Milestones

0-3 months0-3 months Turn to youTurn to you Smile at youSmile at you ””Recognize” familiar voiceRecognize” familiar voice Notice unfamiliar voicesNotice unfamiliar voices Comforting tonesComforting tones

Receptive Language: Receptive Language: Developmental MilestonesDevelopmental Milestones

4-6 months4-6 months Respond to “no”Respond to “no” Changes in tones of voiceChanges in tones of voice Toys, music, rhythmsToys, music, rhythms Household soundsHousehold sounds

Receptive Language: Receptive Language: Developmental MilestonesDevelopmental Milestones

7-12 months7-12 months listens when spoken tolistens when spoken to responds to nameresponds to name discovers fun of simple gamesdiscovers fun of simple games recognizes names of familiar objectsrecognizes names of familiar objects responds to questions and requestsresponds to questions and requests

Receptive Language: Receptive Language: Developmental MilestonesDevelopmental Milestones

1-2 years1-2 years points to thingspoints to things can follow simple commandscan follow simple commands understands simple questionsunderstands simple questions likes listening to simple storieslikes listening to simple stories enjoys songs and rhymesenjoys songs and rhymes wants repetition of songs and rhymeswants repetition of songs and rhymes

Expressive Language: Expressive Language: Developmental MilestonesDevelopmental Milestones

BirthBirth make sounds when in painmake sounds when in pain make sounds when in pleasuremake sounds when in pleasure

Expressive Language: Expressive Language: Developmental MilestonesDevelopmental Milestones

0-3 months0-3 months smiles when you come into viewsmiles when you come into view repeats the soundsrepeats the sounds ””coos and goos” a lot when coos and goos” a lot when

contentcontent cries “differentiate”cries “differentiate”

Expressive Language: Expressive Language: Developmental MilestonesDevelopmental Milestones

4-6 months4-6 months gurgling sounds or “vocal play”gurgling sounds or “vocal play” babbling beginsbabbling begins ””speech-like” babblingspeech-like” babbling uses sound to tell you thingsuses sound to tell you things

Expressive Language: Expressive Language: Developmental MilestonesDevelopmental Milestones

7-12 months7-12 months babbling changesbabbling changes uses sounds other than cryinguses sounds other than crying first words will be spokenfirst words will be spoken

Expressive Language: Expressive Language: Developmental MilestonesDevelopmental Milestones

1-2 years1-2 years accumulating accumulating

wordswords asks 2-word asks 2-word

questionsquestions makes 2-word makes 2-word

combinationscombinations words become words become

clearerclearer

By Age 1: Activities to By Age 1: Activities to Encourage you Child’s Encourage you Child’s

LanguageLanguage Respond to your childRespond to your child Talk to your child Talk to your child Colorful books Colorful books Nursery rhymes and songsNursery rhymes and songs Teach your child namesTeach your child names Visit new placesVisit new places Play simple gamesPlay simple games

Between Ages 1 & 2: Between Ages 1 & 2: Activities to Encourage you Activities to Encourage you

Child’s LanguageChild’s Language Reward and encourageReward and encourage Talk about what you are doingTalk about what you are doing Talk simply, clearly, and slowlyTalk simply, clearly, and slowly Talk about new situationsTalk about new situations Make eye contactMake eye contact DescribingDescribing Children’s records & tapesChildren’s records & tapes Give your child praiseGive your child praise

ReferencesReferences

1.1. The American Speech Language HeaThe American Speech Language Hearing Associationring Association

2.2. PBSparentsPBSparents

3.3. Caroline Bowen PhDCaroline Bowen PhD

4.4. Speech & Language Milestone ChartSpeech & Language Milestone Chart