Language descriptions
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Language Descriptions
Group 1:
Phan Thi OanhNguyen Thi Thu HangNguyen Thu HongNguyen Hong LeLe Vu Kieu Linh
CLASS: PG09
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OUTLINE
I. Classical or traditional grammarII. Structural linguisticsIII. Transformational generative grammarIV. Language variation and register
analysisV. Functional/ Notional grammarVI. Discourse (Rhetorical) analysis
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Classical or traditional grammar
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I. Classical or traditional grammar
1. How language is described:- Based on: + grammars of classical languages. + analysis of the role of each word
in the sentence.- Grammatical function of each word is
reflected by appropriate inflections.
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2. Strengths and weaknesses
• English has lost most of its case markers.• Its influence on ESP has never been strong.
• Its concept underlie any language.• It has continued to provide a useful indirect
source of guidance.
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Structural linguistics
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II. Structural linguistics
1. How language is described- Language is described in terms of
syntagmatic structures.
- The structures carry fundamental propositions and notions.
- Different meanings are generated by varying the words within structures.
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2. Strengths and weaknesses
• The development of substitution table as a typical means of explaining grammatical patterns.
E.g. A substitution table in ESP
A dog biteAn electric shockSevere shockBurns
can
may
cause
result in
lead to
heat stroke
death
unconsciousness
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2. Strengths and weaknesses
• Most enduring application was structural syllabus which provides:
- means of selecting and sequencing language items; - description of generative core of the language.
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2. Strengths and weaknesses
• Structural description was too superficial, and could not explain relationships of meaning.
• It may fail to provide the learner with an understanding of the communicative use of the structures.