Language Arts

Monday, March 10, 2014

Reminders

• Grammar Test #2 – corrections due by Tuesday• Week #24 vocab quiz Thursday• Punctuation quiz Thursday (4th quarter grade)

Opening

• Review 13ish rules for comma usage1. With a coordinating conjunction that links two

independent clauses2. After a dependent clause that starts a sentence3. To offset an appositive phrase4. To separate items in a series5. After introductory adverbs6. With quotation marks

Opening

• Review 13ish rules for comma usage7. To separate each element in an address8. To separate elements in a full date9. When the first word is a yes or no10. When directly addressing someone or something

in a sentence11. Between to adjectives that modify the same noun12. To offset negation in a sentence13. Before every sequence of three numbers

Opening

• A sentence fragment is a part of a sentence that is written as if it were a complete sentence.

• It is missing a subject, a predicate, or both.• Remember, a dependent clause that cannot

stand alone is a sentence fragment.

Opening

Examples• The Rungus people in Malaysia. (needs

predicate) • Build traditional homes called longhouses.

(needs subject) • On top of stilts away from floodwaters. (needs

subject and predicate)

Opening

Examples• The Rungus people live in Malaysia. (needs

predicate) • They build traditional homes called

longhouses. (needs subject) • These homes often are constructed on top of

stilts away from floodwaters. (needs subject and predicate)

Opening

• A run-on sentence is two or more sentences written as though they were a single sentence.– Ex. The longhouse roof is made of palm leaves the

walls are made of tree bark.

Opening

• A comma splice is a common type of run-on sentence when sentences are connected and ONLY use a comma. – Ex. The longhouse roof is made of palm leaves,

the walls are made of tree bark.

Opening

• Three ways to fix a run-on sentence:– Make it into separate sentences.– Add a comma and a coordinating conjunction.– Add a semicolon.

Opening

• Ex. The longhouse roof is made of palm leaves the walls are made of tree bark. – Fix #1: The longhouse roof is made of palm

leaves. The walls are made of tree bark. – Fix #2: The longhouse roof is made of palm leaves,

and the walls are made of tree bark. – Fix #3: The longhouse roof is made of palm leaves;

the walls are made of tree bark.

Opening

The semicolon has three primary uses:1. To join independent clauses that are not

joined by a conjunction.2. To separate complete sentences

(independent clauses) that are joined by a conjunctive adverb (transitional word).

3. To separate items in a list when commas alone would be confusing.

OpeningUse #1: To join independent clauses that are not joined by a conjunction (for,

and, but, yet, nor, so)

Ex.) The man was wet; he was standing in the rain without an umbrella. In this example, there are two complete sentences (independent clauses):

#1: “The man was wet.” (independent clause)

#2 “He was standing in the rain without an umbrella.” (independent clause)

These clauses are separated by a semicolon.

Opening

Directions: Use a semicolon in the appropriate place to combine the following independent clauses.

1) I am hot I am wearing a sweater and a jacket.2) The president was very popular he easily won

the election.3) I cannot buy a new car I do not have much

money.

Opening

Directions: Use a semicolon in the appropriate place to combine the following independent clauses.

1) I am hot; I am wearing a sweater and a jacket.2) The president was very popular; he easily

won the election.3) I cannot buy a new car; I do not have much

money.

OpeningUse #2: To separate complete sentences (independent clauses) that are joined by a conjunctive adverb

(transitional word). Here is a list of common conjunctive adverbs:

Example: Jane likes fruit; however, she does not like apples. In this example, there are two complete sentences (independent clauses):

#1: “Jane likes fruit.” (independent clause)

#2 “She does not like apples.” (independent clause)

These clauses are separated by a semicolon and the conjunctive adverb “however”.

Opening

Directions: Use a semicolon and a conjunctive adverb to combine the following independent clauses.

1) I am wearing a sweater and a jacket ____________ I am cold.

2) The old dog is blind ____________ it is deaf.3) Mix all the ingredients ____________ put the

batter in the oven.

Opening

Directions: Use a semicolon and a conjunctive adverb to combine the following independent clauses.

1) I am wearing a sweater and a jacket ; however, I am cold.

2) The old dog is blind; in addition, it is deaf.3) Mix all the ingredients; then, put the batter in

the oven.

Opening

Use #3: To separate items in a list when commas alone would be confusing.

Ex.) The school specializes in three fields of study: economics, the study of the economy; philosophy, the study of thought; and anthropology, the study of mankind.

OpeningDirections: Use a semicolon in the appropriate place to separate

items in a list in the following sentences. 1) The answers to the test are: 1, A 2, D 3, F and 4, B.

2) The group was composed of three young people: Mary, who was 32 years old Javier, who was 28 years old and Ming, who was 17 years old.

3) On the trip, we drove through Tampa, Florida Wichita, Kansas and Fresno, California.

OpeningDirections: Use a semicolon in the appropriate place to separate

items in a list in the following sentences. 1) The answers to the test are: 1, A; 2, D; 3, F; and 4, B.

2) The group was composed of three young people: Mary, who was 32 years old; Javier, who was 28 years old; and Ming, who was 17 years old.

3) On the trip, we drove through Tampa, Florida; Wichita, Kansas; and Fresno, California.

Work Time

• WriteSource pg. 504 & 505• Complete the Semicolon practice sheet (last

page of the notes packet)

Closing

• Why is it important to know what a run on sentence is and how to fix it?

• What are the three different ways to fix a run-on sentence?