Lang Generations.pptx

8/12/2019 Lang Generations.pptx

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INFORMATION SYSTEMS @ X

INFO102: Management Information Systems

GENERATION OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

1.1.

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Learning Objectives

1. Provide an overview of programming Language.

2. Describe the Machine Language Era.

3. Also discuss the features of Assembly Language.

4. Review issues associated with implementing ERP systems.

5. Describe the key characteristics of ERP systems

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History Timeline

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First generation computers

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Machine languages (first-generation languages) are the

most basic type of computer languages, consisting of

strings of numbers the computer's hardware can use.

Different types of hardware use different machine

code. For example, IBM computers use different

machine language than Apple computers.

The basic language of the computer, representing data as 1s and

0s.

Not convenient for people to read and use.

First Generation: Machine Language

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Second generation computers

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Second Generation: Assembly Language

Assembly languages (second-generation languages) are only

somewhat easier to work with than machine languages.

To create programs in assembly language, developers use cryptic

English-like phrases to represent strings of numbers.

represent the instruction MULTIPLY, and STO to represent STORE.

assembly language varies from computer to computer it is machine

dependent.

It is so tedious to use that mistakes are frequent.

The code is then translated into object code, using a translator calledan assembler.

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Assembly

code

Assembler

Object code




Third generation computers

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Third Generation: High-Level Language

A high-level language is like English language, such as COBOL and BASICsuch languages.

Most high-level languages are not machine dependent they can be usedion more than one kind of computer.

ERP systems are very expensive to implement. Can take years and

cost 10s of millions of dollars.

Compiler

Complier is software that looks at an entire high-level program beforetranslating it into machine language..

Examples of high-level languages using compliers are C and COBOL.

Interpreter converts high-level language statements into machine language one ate a

time, in succession.

Examples of high-level languages that us an interpreter are BASIC andLISP.

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Fourth Generation: Very High-Level Languages

Fourth-generation languages (4GLs) are even easier to use

than 3GLs.

4GLs may use a text-based environment (like a 3GL) or may

allow the programmer to work in a visual environment, using

graphical tools.

allow programmers to develop programs with fewer commands.

require more computing power.

The some tools for programmer of 4GLs are

Report Generators Query Languages

Application Generators

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Fifth generation computers

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Fifth Generation: Natural Languages

There are two type of natural languages .

> Ordinary human languages like, English, Spanish,.

> Second are programming languages (more natural connection with

computers ).

Natural languages allow questions or commands to be framedin a more conversational way or in alternative forms.

Natural languages are part of the field of study known as

artificial intelligence.

Develop machines to emulate human-like qualities, such aslearning, reasoning, communicating, seeing, and hearing.

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Object-Oriented Programming

Object oriented programming is a programming method that combines

data and instructions for processing that data into a self-sufficient.

The examples of Object oriented languages are small talk, which is the first

object oriented language, C++ it is more than C.

Object:While, an object is a block of preassembled programming code that is aself-contained module.

Processes of Object Data (sending the message:Once the object becomes a

part of program, the processing instructions may or may not be activated.

Method of Object Data ProcessThe message needs only identify the operation

that how it is actually to be performed is embedded within the processing

instructions that are part of the object.

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Summary

Slide 65

Lang Generations.pptx

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