Laney lighting pec

Energy Auditing Techniques for Energy Auditing Techniques for Small Commercial FacilitiesSmall Commercial Facilities

20102010

Ryan Stroupe, Pacific Energy CenterJim Kelsey P.E., kW EngineeringRichard Young, Food Service Technology Center

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Lighting SystemsLighting Systems

3Energy Auditing Techniques for Small and Medium Commercial Facilities2009

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives• Understand lighting concepts and terms• Understand lamp efficiencies• Know where find lamp/ballast wattages• Understand lighting power density from T-24• Understand appropriate applications for different sources• Understand light quality concerns• Understand lighting control strategies• Understand O&M opportunities• Understand energy saving calculations for lighting


Energy Auditor Role and ActivitiesEnergy Auditor Role and Activities• Survey and catalog lighting systems in a facility• Recognize efficiency opportunities• Distinguish over-illumination or under-illumination• Asses other light quality issues• Compare space to code compliant LPD • Recommend lighting control strategies• Use light meters and monitoring equipment


Why is Lighting Important?Why is Lighting Important?• Represents 35% of electric energy in CA commercial buildings.• For some facilities can be nearly 50% of electric energy use.• Many DR strategies are related to lighting.• Less of a focus for facility engineers and commissioning providers


Intention of Lighting SystemsIntention of Lighting Systems• Illuminate spaces for specific tasks• Illuminate surfaces or objects

www.nlm.nih.gov


Directional vs. Ambient LightingDirectional vs. Ambient Lighting


Lighting System ComponentsLighting System Components• Luminaire

– The complete lighting unit• Lamp

– The light source; bulb• Ballast

– Power regulator• Reflector

– Component that directs/distributes light

• Diffuser/Lens/Louver– Shields eye from glare– Evens out light distribution


Spectral Power DistributionSpectral Power Distribution

Source: Philips Lighting

• Describes color distribution of light source across visible spectrum• Vertical scale is power• Horizontal scale is wavelength


Inverse Square LawInverse Square Law• Resultant illuminance is inversely

proportional to the square of distance from source to surface

• Double distance from source = ¼illuminance

• Applies only to point sources

2DIE =

E= Target Illuminance (fc)

I= Source Intensity (cd)

D= Distance from Source to Target

H2H

100 fc 25 fc


Lighting Concepts Lighting Concepts Term Units

• Luminous Flux Lumens• Illuminance Foot-candle/Lux• Power watts• Efficacy lumens/watt• Lighting Power Density watts/ft2• Lamp Life hours• Lumen Depreciation given as a % of initial lumens• Correlated Color Temperature Kelvin degrees• Color Rendering Index 0-100 scale (unit-less)• Ballast Factor given as % of luminous output


Unit Sphere and SteradianUnit Sphere and Steradian• One candle source• One foot radius with

1’- 0” x 1’- 0” opening• One meter radius with 1

meter x 1 meter opening


Luminous FluxLuminous Flux• Total amount of light emitted by

a source in all directions• Measured in lumens• Used to rate the output of lamps


IlluminanceIlluminance• The density of light falling

on a surface• Requires an area unit• Measured in lumens per ft2

(footcandles)• Also measured in lux

(lumens per meter2)


EfficacyEfficacy• A measure of lamp (and ballast) performance• Describes system conversion efficiency of power to light• Is light output over input power• Units are lumens/watt• Varies by lamp (and ballast) type

Light out Power in


Lighting Power DensityLighting Power Density• A measure of the power intensity of lighting systems • Is lighting power over the area of a room or building• Units are watts/square foot• Energy code provides limits by space use or building type

Light power Area


Lamp LifeLamp Life• Total operating time that ½ of test set remains burning• Tested under consistent temperatures and time/start

– 77F°– 3 hrs/start for fluorescents– 10 hrs/start for HID sources– 12 hr/start data available from some manufacturers– Number of starts adversely affect lamp life; longer runs than test

will allow lamps to outlast their rated life expectancy.

• Measured in hours


Lumen DepreciationLumen Depreciation• Given as a percentage of initial lumens• Factors include lamp aging and dirt accumulation


Light Source ChromaticityLight Source Chromaticity• Refers to Correlated Color

Temperature (CCT)• Measurement of coolness or

warmness of a light source• Measured in degrees

Kelvin (º K)• The higher the chromaticity,

the cooler the source appears


Color Rendering Index (CRI)Color Rendering Index (CRI)• Method of determining how well a light source

renders colors reflected by objects• Used to compare color performance for light

sources of the same color temperature• 0-100 point scale


Underwriters LaboratoryUnderwriters Laboratory• Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL) is an independent, not-

for-profit product safety testing and certification organization.• Look for the UL label to insure that the lighting products you

purchase are safe to install • Testing includes

– Risk of fire– Electric shock– Injury to persons


Lamp TypesLamp Types• Incandescent• Halogen• Fluorescent• High Intensity Discharge

– Metal halide– Mercury vapor– High Pressure Sodium– Low Pressure Sodium

• Induction lamps• Light Emitting Diodes• Neon


Incandescent LampsIncandescent Lamps• Efficacy 6-24 l/w• Kelvin temperature 2700K°• Color Rendering Index 100• Lamp life 750-2000 hours• Lumen depreciation <20%• Start to full brightness immediate• Re-strike time immediate• Dimming ability Yes• Strengths

– First cost– Color rendering– Instant on– Very good lumen maintenance– Ease of dimming– Not ambient temperature dependent

• Weaknesses– Low efficacy– Short lamp life– High lamp surface temperature– Limited color

This lamp type is This lamp type is a good candidate a good candidate for replacement!for replacement!


Incandescent Lamp OperationIncandescent Lamp Operation• Resistive load; electricity passes

through a filament• 90% of energy applied produces heat• Light becomes redder with dimming• Lamp life is reduced at higher

wattages• Best applications:

– Where lamp/fixture may be damaged– Extremely cold or hot environments– Residential

Spectral power distribution


Halogen LampsHalogen Lamps• Efficacy 8-35 l/w• Kelvin temperature 2900K°• Color Rendering Index 100• Lamp life 2000-6000 hours• Lumen depreciation <5%• Start to full brightness immediate• Re-strike time immediate• Dimming ability Yes• Strengths

– Directional source– First cost– Color rendering– Instant on– Excellent lumen maintenance– Ease of dimming– Not ambient temperature dependent

• Weaknesses– Low efficacy– Relatively short lamp life– High lamp surface temperature– Limited color


Tungsten Halogen CycleTungsten Halogen Cycle

Filament in quartz capsule surrounded by halogen gas and operates at higher temperature


Fluorescent LampsFluorescent Lamps• Efficacy 60-100 l/w• Kelvin temperature 2700-7500K°• Color Rendering Index 50-98• Lamp life 7500-30,000 hours• Lumen depreciation 10-30%• Start to full brightness 0-5 seconds • Re-strike time immediate• Dimming ability Yes, with proper ballast• Strengths

– High efficacy– Long lamp life– Wide range of colors– Very good lumen maintenance– Cool lamp surface temperature– Area source

• Weaknesses– Sophisticated lamp/ballast combination– Does not perform well in hot/cold environments– Has warm-up time– Older technologies hum and flicker


Fluorescent Lamp OperationFluorescent Lamp Operation• Low pressure, gas discharge source

where light is produced by fluorescence of phosphor coating when excited by UV radiation from mercury arc.

• Ballast is required• Comes in wide variety of shapes• Light becomes bluer with dimming• Best applications:

– Ambient lighting– Where energy use is a concern– Where lights on on for long periods– Day lit environments

Spectral power distribution


Ballast IssuesBallast Issues• Component that regulates electricity to the lamp

– Provides required voltage for lamp start-up – Limits current to lamp during operation

• Types– Electromagnetic (magnetic)

• Steel or iron core• 60hz output• May hum• Older ballasts (before 1973) may have PCBs

– Electronic• More energy efficient (10-25% better than magnetic)• Solid state components• 20-40Khz output• Reduced flicker• Quiet operation• Easier to install• Lighter weight


Ballast FeaturesBallast Features• Number of lamps powered (up to 4 lamps on one ballast)

• Start time– Rapid start– Instant start– Programmed start

• Dimming capabilities• Parallel wiring (will still work if one lamp fails in a two lamp fixture)

• Ballast Factor– Relative luminous output of a lamp(s) operated on a ballast with

respect to the same lamp(s) driven on a reference ballast– Used to describe ballasts that under- or over-drive lamps


Fluorescent Lamp TypesFluorescent Lamp Types• T (Tubular)• U-shape• Circline• Flat• 2D• Compact


Fluorescent Lamp NomenclatureFluorescent Lamp NomenclatureF32T8/835/HO• F32T8

– Fluorescent – 32 input power in watts– Tubular lamp type– 8 1/8” inches in diameter or 1”

• 835– 80-89 CRI– 3500 Kelvin Temp

•HO–HO High output–RS Rapid start–ES Energy saving–CW Cool white–WW Warm white–SS Super Saver–ECO Ecologic–D Daylight

Note: Lamp coding may vary by manufacturer


TT--12 Fluorescents12 Fluorescents• About 60 l/w with magnetic ballasts• Changing to T-8s with electronic ballasts is a 20-40%

improvement in efficacy• Larger T-12 lamp prevents light from exiting fixture• Still accounts for nearly 50% of all fluorescents in US



High Efficiency, 3rd Gen. or Super THigh Efficiency, 3rd Gen. or Super T--8s8s• Excellent efficacy up to 95 l/w at mean life• Good lumen maintenance 93% at 12,000 hrs• Long lamp life in excess of 18,000 hours• CRI 80 or better

This new fluorescent lamp type is the only T-8 linear fluorescent that qualifies

for PG&E’s Deemed Incentive Program


Identifying Magnetic BallastsIdentifying Magnetic Ballasts• Use the flicker checker• Much easier than opening fixture• Under electronic ballasts

– Looks like shades of gray– rotating in one direction

• Under magnetic ballasts– Has color– Rotating in both directions


TT--5 Fluorescents5 Fluorescents• Excellent efficacy up to 90 l/w at mean life• Good lumen maintenance 95% • Long lamp life in excess of 20,000 hours• CRI 80 or better• Notes:

– Thinner lamp allows light fixture to be more efficient– With reflector provides high light output

(encroaches on HID market)– Metric length and lamp holder size makes retrofits difficult– Variety of colors available (3000-4000K)– This fluorescent lamp type qualifies for PG&E Incentive


Cold Cathode FluorescentCold Cathode Fluorescent• Operate at a much higher voltage and lower

current than conventional fluorescent lamps. • The higher voltage overcomes the need to heat

the tube while the lower arc current greatly extends the life of the discharge electrodes.

• Cold cathode lamps are typically ten to 30 percent more efficient than a comparable hot cathode fluorescent lamp.

• Cold cathode lights have a life expectancy more than twice that of typical compact fluorescent lamps and do not suffer accelerated degradation with variations in supply voltage.

• This fluorescent lamp type qualifies for PG&E Incentives* for incandescent replacement (fluorescent must be 2 to 8 watts).*Check PGE.com for updates and incentive details


Compact Fluorescent LampsCompact Fluorescent Lamps• Efficacy 28-84 l/w• Kelvin temperature 2700-5000K°• Color Rendering Index 82-86• Lamp life 10,000-20,000 hours• Lumen depreciation <30%• Start to full brightness 0-5 minutes• Re-strike time immediate• Dimming ability Yes, with proper ballast• Notes:

– May come with integrated ballast– Ballast must be ventilated; Do not enclose lamp– This lamp type qualifies for the PG&E incentives


Compact Fluorescent LampsCompact Fluorescent Lamps• Strengths

– High efficacy– Compact size– Long lamp life– Good CRI– Wide range of colors– Good lumen maintenance– Cool lamp surface temperature– High frequency operation

• Weaknesses– Higher first cost (over incandescent)– Position sensitive– Does not perform well in hot/cold environments– Has warm-up time– Expensive to dim


Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) ShapesCompact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) Shapes

Source: IESNA ED-150 Instructor Guide, 1995


High Intensity Discharge SourcesHigh Intensity Discharge Sources• Used to light surfaces some distance from source• Applications

– Street lights– Exterior lighting of buildings– Warehouse lighting– High-bay retail

• Types– Mercury Vapor– Metal Halide– High Pressure Sodium– Low Pressure Sodium

• Alternatives– Induction lamps– T-5 Fluorescent


Mercury VaporMercury Vapor• Efficacy 30-65 l/w• Kelvin temperature 5600-7000K• Color Rendering Index 15-40• Lamp life 10,000-16,000 hours• Lumen depreciation 30-50%• Start to full brightness 3-5 minutes• Re-strike time 5 minutes• Dimming ability yes, with special ballast• Strengths

– Long lamp life

• Weaknesses– Only incandescents are more inefficient– Poor color rendering– Poor lumen maintenance – Long strike time and re-strike time– New outdoor installations are illegal under some state laws. – Mercury lamp ballasts are noisy– Lamps are quite voltage sensitive– A special dimming ballast is required to dim mercury lamps.



Metal Halide LampsMetal Halide Lamps• Efficacy 50-110 l/w• Kelvin temperature 3000-6000K• Color Rendering Index 65-92• Lamp life 6000-20,000 hours• Lumen depreciation 10-30%• Start to full brightness 2-10 minutes• Re-strike time 3-20 minutes• Dimming ability with difficulty• Strengths

– High efficacy– Long lamp life– Good lumen maintenance– Good color rendering for HID source

• Weaknesses– Has warm-up time– Long re-strike time– Color shifts with age– Lamp position sensitivity – Expensive to dim


Metal Halides FeaturesMetal Halides Features• Pulse Start

– Probe start provides brief, high-power pulse for lamp start up– Up to 50% improvement in efficacy– Reduced strike and re-strike time – High lumen maintenance– Improved color stability– Longer lamp life– This lamp type qualifies for the PG&E incentives

• Bi-level control– Switch lamps to lower energy-saving level– Continuous dimming is more difficult due to flicker, color shift & lamp shutdown– Can be controlled based on occupancy


High Pressure Sodium LampsHigh Pressure Sodium Lamps• Efficacy 50-120 l/w• Kelvin temperature 2100-2200• Color Rendering Index 21-65• Lamp life 16,000-24,000 hours• Lumen depreciation 10-20%• Start to full brightness 4-6 minutes• Re-strike time 1 minute• Dimming ability with difficulty• This lamp type qualifies for the PG&E incentives• Strengths

– High efficacy– Long lamp life– Good lumen maintenance– Universal burning position

• Weaknesses– Has warm-up time– Re-strike time– Poor CRI– Expensive to dim– Color shifts with age


Induction LampsInduction Lamps• Efficacy 60-80 l/w• Kelvin temperature 3000K-4100K• Color Rendering Index 80• Lamp life 100,000 hours• Lumen depreciation 20-25%• Start to full brightness Some warm up• Re-strike time immediate• Dimming ability No• This lamp type qualifies for the PG&E incentives• Strengths

– Extremely long lamp life– Tolerates varied temperatures– On/off cycling does not affect lamp life– No color shift over lamp life

• Weaknesses– Not as efficient as high-efficiency fluorescents– Have yet to collect enough long-term performance data– Lumen depreciation is significant– Unable to dim– Immediate strike and re-strike– High first cost


Light Emitting DiodesLight Emitting Diodes• Efficacy 20-60 l/w*• Kelvin temperature 3000K-4500K• Color Rendering Index 20-70• Lamp life 50,000-100,000 hours• Lumen depreciation 10-30%?• Start to full brightness immediate• Re-strike time immediate• Dimming ability Yes• This lamp type qualifies for PG&E incentives• Applications

– Exit signs– Traffic lights– Signage– Safety lights (theaters)– Replace Neon

* test data in labs is much higher (130 l/w)


Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) • Strengths

– Adequate light at low wattage for some applications– LED exit signs require 2-25% of the wattage of

incandescent exit signs– LED exit signs require 25-50% of the wattage of

CFL exit signs– Rugged– Extremely long lamp life; some claims of up to 25 year life– 1/3 the life cycle cost of incandescents over a ten year life

• Weaknesses– Low efficacy ( 20-60 L/W)– White LEDs have lower efficacy than colored LEDS Not

appropriate for all applications– Have yet to collect enough long-term performance data– Currently-manufactured LEDs are rated for operating

temperatures of 25 degrees C; at lower temperatures they produce more light and at higher temperatures, less.

– Signs should be changed when light levels drop below accepted standards

– Require DC power


Light Emitting Diode (LED) Light Emitting Diode (LED) -- OperationOperation

• Produce light by electroluminescence• Solid state light source• Semiconductor chip

Hard Plastic

Phosphor coating (optional)

Semi-Conductor

Anvil

Base Pins

Image license: GNU Free Documentation License.


LED LED -- SPD CurveSPD Curve

PG&E Pacific Energy Center 2007

• Continuous curve

• Blue weighted• Varies for color

LEDs


Lamp Comparison MatrixLamp Comparison Matrix

YNY75MC70%50,00040ProjectionWhite LEDs

NNN80WM75%100,00080AreaInduction Lamps

NNN21W90%24,000110PointHigh Pressure Sodium

NNS92WM85%20,00090PointCeramicMetal Halide

NNS70WM85%20,000100PointPulse StartMetal Halide

YNS86WMC86%12,00070AreaCompactFluorescent

YNY86WMC95%25,00095LinearFluorescent

NYY100W100%3,00020PointHalogenIncandescent

NYY100W95%1,00015PointIncandescent

Temperature Sensitive2

Voltage Sensitive2Dimmable2CRIColor

Temp.1LLDLamp Life(rated hours)

Efficacy(lm/W)

SourceTypeLamp Family

1 - W (Warm), M (Mid-range), C (Cool)

2 - Y (Yes), S (Special Cases), N (No)

Note: Values are representative of lamp family performance


Mean Lamp/Ballast System EfficacyMean Lamp/Ballast System Efficacy

0 20 40 60 80 100

Super T8 - EE, insT5 - EE, ins

Super T8 - EE, progBasic T8 - GEB, ins

T5HO - GEB, progBiaxial - GEB, prog

T12 - MagCMH 400W - Elec, pulse

MH 400W - Elec, pulseCMH 400W - Mag, pulse

MH 400W - Mag, pulseMH 100W - Elec, pulse

MH 400W - MagCFL 42W Triple - GEB

CFL 26W Double - GEBCFL 15W Screw-in

CFL PL13 2-pin - MagWhite LED

Halogen IR PAR38Incandescent A19

Halogen PAR38

Lam

p (a

nd B

alla

st) T

ype

Efficacy [mean lm/W]*GEB: Generic Electronic Ballast, EE: Extra Efficient Ballast, ins: instant start, prog: programmed start, pulse: pulse start


DaylightingDaylighting• Efficacy 80-250 l/w• Kelvin temperature 5,400-10,000K• Color Rendering Index 100 (best source)• Lamp life Infinite, but daily cycle• Lumen depreciation None• Notes:

– Savings dependant on reducing electric lighting load– Associated with increased productivity, reduced sick days…– Some heat introduced with daylight– Indirect light is ideal (less glare and heat)


Recommended Illuminance LevelsRecommended Illuminance Levels

These are recommendations not code requirements


DeDe--Lamping OpportunitiesLamping Opportunities• Efficient lighting systems often provide more light

– New lamps and ballasts may provide higher lumen output– Ballast may have high ballast factor – Reflectors may be added– Fixtures may be cleaner

• Older buildings designed for higher illuminance• Many spaces over-illuminated for appropriate task• Task/low ambient lighting strategies• Scotopic lighting provides better visual acuity and higher perceived

brightness


Lighting ControlsLighting Controls• Objectives

– In all cases reduce the hours of operation of lighting equipment– In some cases reduce the power draw of lighting equipment

• Types– Manual switches– Schedule controls/Sweeps– Timers– Occupancy sensors– Manual dimmers– Daylight controls/Photosensors


Scheduled Controller/SweepScheduled Controller/Sweep• Controlled through building

automation system (BAS)• Ideal for spaces with regular use• Best option is manual ON,

controlled OFF• Applications

– Open office space– Schools– Retail spaces– Manufacturing

• This control equipment qualifies for the PG&E Incentive


Data from Timer ControlsData from Timer ControlsRetail Store Stockrooms

0

20

40

60

80

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120

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160

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200

Fri0:00

Sat0:00

Sun0:00

Mon0:00

Tue0:00

Wed0:00

Thu0:00

Fri0:00

Sat0:00

Sun0:00

Mon0:00

Tue0:00

Wed0:00

Thu0:00

Fri0:00

Sat0:00

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Men's Ware Visual Lingerie Shoes

Retail Example


Time ClocksTime Clocks• Allows lights to run in a

space for a limited time• Essentially a timed switch• Simple controller• Inexpensive• Types:

– Mechanical– Electronic

• Applications:– Stock/Storage rooms– Laundry rooms– Service areas


Occupancy SensorsOccupancy Sensors• Ideal for spaces with irregular use

and unoccupied at least ½ operating hours

• Sensors located in spaces• May be tied to BAS• Two main sensor types

– Infrared– Ultrasonic

• Applications– Rest rooms– Stock rooms– Conference rooms– Garages

• This control equipment qualifies for PG&E Incentive


Passive InfraRed Sensor AttributesPassive InfraRed Sensor Attributes

http://www.wattstopper.com/pdf/Sensor_Broch_Final.pdf


Ultrasonic Sensor AttributesUltrasonic Sensor Attributes


Data from Occupancy ControlsData from Occupancy Controls

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Garage Example


Interior Daylight ControlsInterior Daylight Controls• Ideal for interior spaces

with a daylight factor >2%• Sensors located in spaces• May be tied to BAS• Two main strategies

– Photocells– Photosensors

• Applications– Single-story buildings– Perimeter office spaces– Schools– Big-box retail


Data from Daylighting ControlsData from Daylighting ControlsGrocery Store Example


Exterior Lighting ControlsExterior Lighting Controls• Sensor typically located

above fixture• Photocells switch lights

off when there is adequate daylight

• This control equipment qualifies for the PG&E Incentive


Summary of Lighting OpportunitiesSummary of Lighting Opportunities• Change out inefficient lighting

– Replace incandescent lamps– Replace halogens used as ambient sources– Replace T-12 fluorescents– Replace magnetically ballasted fluorescents– Replace mercury vapor lamps– Used LED for exit signs and signage

• De-lamp in over-illuminated spaces or service areas• Add lighting controls

– Sweeps– Timers– Occupancy sensors– Daylighting/photosensor controls


Lighting Operations & MaintenanceLighting Operations & Maintenance• Re-lamp whole building on a regular schedule• Replace flickering, dim and burned-out lamps• Clean diffusers, lenses and lamps• Trim bushes and trees away from outdoor lighting • Verify controls

– Check scheduled off times for sweeps– Tune/commission occupancy sensors– Tune/commission photosensors for daylight controls


Other Lighting IssuesOther Lighting Issues• Consider light system performance

– Consider luminaire efficiency not just lamp efficacy– Remember distance from source impact light levels– Spacing of luminaires is a factor– Lighter wall and ceiling colors are advantageous

• Consider scotopic sources• High efficiency systems reduce cooling loads • Glare is a concern especially with computers


• Flicker checker• Illuminance meter• Lighting loggers• Occupancy loggers• Luminance meter• Measuring tape/Disto• Circuit tracer• Recommended illuminance level table• Lighting fixture wattage tables

Lighting Tools and ResourcesLighting Tools and Resources


Key Points to RememberKey Points to Remember• Relative lighting efficacies• Where to find light system wattages• How to calculate Lighting Power Density• How to use meters and test equipment• Appropriate control strategies for different situations• Lighting O&M opportunities• Where to find lighting incentive information• How to calculate energy savings potential


References and ResourcesReferences and Resources•• Advanced Lighting Guidelines: 2003 EditionAdvanced Lighting Guidelines: 2003 Edition

–– http://www.newbuildings.org/lighting.htmhttp://www.newbuildings.org/lighting.htm

•• Lighting Fundamentals HandbookLighting Fundamentals Handbook– Free through EPRI http://my.epri.com/

•• Table of Standard Fixture Wattages Table of Standard Fixture Wattages www.entergywww.entergy--texas.com/content/Energy_Efficiency/documents/Small_CommercialWatexas.com/content/Energy_Efficiency/documents/Small_CommercialWattageTable_020504.xlsttageTable_020504.xls

•• Occupancy Sensor Design and Application GuideOccupancy Sensor Design and Application Guidehttp://www.wattstopper.com/getdoc/419/OSappsNewDesignFinal.pdfhttp://www.wattstopper.com/getdoc/419/OSappsNewDesignFinal.pdf

•• California Energy Code, Title 24 California Energy Code, Title 24 http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/

•• PG&E Lighting IncentivesPG&E Lighting Incentiveshttp://www.pge.com/mybusiness/energysavingsrebates/rebatesincenthttp://www.pge.com/mybusiness/energysavingsrebates/rebatesincentives/ref/lighting/ives/ref/lighting/

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