Landscape presentation1

PLANT IDENTIFICATION

Dedicated to my beloved family & respected faculty…..

ASSIGNMENT

Submitted to:-

Ar.ashwani kalyani

The following criteria shall be considered in

planting design :

1. Plant Material

2. Soil conditions

3. Availability and quality of water

4. Availability of sunlight

5. Quality of air

6. Maintenance

7. Functional Aspects of Design with Plants

8. Air Pollution Control by Plants

Plant Material

The major sets of factors that influence the

choice of plant material are related to the

characteristics, both botanical and physical

of plant material and the context in which the

plant material is to be used.

– Physical and Botanical Characteristics of

Plant Material

Nomenclature (botanical and trade-name);

Origin, family and natural habitat;

Growth characteristic and form as a

function of habitat;

Physical characteristics, for example bark,

texture, foliage, etc.

Propagation and maintenance; and

Use in landscape design

Vegetation Types (Evergreen and deciduous) :-

(a) Evergreen trees for :

Places requiring shade throughout the year,

Strong visual screening

Areas where leaf lifter is to be discouraged.

(b) Deciduous trees for :

Greater visual variety,

Partial visual barrier,

Areas where shade is not required throughout

the year.

Growth Rate and Age of Vegetation :-

slower growing-

1. eg. Cycus revoluta (sago palm)

2. age-50-100 yrs.

3. Ht- 6-7 mtr

Uses:- institutional Campuses, large urban

development and other public landscapes.

Faster growing-

1. It is used in shelterbelts.

Growth Habits of Various Kinds of Vegetation

and Their Form :

Trees of fastigiated or columnar habit —

Examples of trees of this type are:

1. Grevillea robusta (Silver oak)

2. Polyathia long folia (Ashok)

3. Populous species (Poplar).

Though the branching pattern of each is different,

the overall shape is similar.

Botanical name- Grevillea robusta

Vernacular name:- silver oak

Type of veg. - evergreen maturity

8-10yrs. Life 20-30 yrs.

Height- 18-35 mtr

Spread- 6-9 mtr

Uses- windbreak & shade tree

Soil- any soil type

Note:- It is a fast growing evergreen

Tree.

Grevillea robusta

Polyalthia longifolia

Botanical name-

Polyalthia longifolia

Vernacular name:-

ashok

Polys (greek) to cure

(medicinal properties)

Longifolia (latin)-long

leaves

Type of veg. - evergreen maturity 6-10yrs.

Life 150 yrs.

Height- 15-22 mtr

Spread- 7-11 mtr

Uses- ornamental deep shade tree

Soil- any well drained soil.

Populus

Botanical name-

Populus

Vernacular name:-

popular

Type of veg. - deciduous

maturity 8-10 yrs. Life

40 yrs.

Height- 18-22 mtr

Spread- 6-9 mtr

Uses- windbreak & shade tree

Soil- sandy loams

Note:- fast growing tree with growth rates up

to 8 ft. per year

Tall trees with broad canopy — Examples of

trees of this type are:

1. Dalbergia sissoo (Sheesham)

2. Tamarinds indica (Imli)

3. Terminalia arjuna (Arjun).

DALBERGIA SISSOO

Botanical name-

DALBERGIA SISSOO

Vernacular name:-

Shisham, sisam



80-100 yrs.

Height- 12-17 mtr

Spread- 12-19 mtr

Uses- good road side shade tree,

special in hot climate

Soil- any soil type but not badly

drained tract.

TAMARINDUS INDICA

Botanical name-

TAMARINDUS INDICA

Vernacular name:- imli



200-250 yrs.

Height- 15-22 mtr

Spread- 12-19 mtr

Uses- with stands dust & insects.in

delhi it remain bare in may

Soil- prefer deep well drained

alluvial soil.

TERMINALIA ARJUNA

Botanical name-

terminalia arjuna

Vernacular name:-

arjun


maturity 5-8 yrs. Life 80-

100 yrs.

Height- 18-25 mtr

Spread- 12-19 mtr

Uses- excellent shade tree and often

planted on roadsides

Soil- prefer deep well drained alluvial soil.

Species suitable for wind breaks are :

For Dry and Arid Regions

A. Ailanthus excelsa (Maharukh)

B. Albilzia lebbeck (Siris)

C. Azadiracta indica (Neem)

D. Dalbergia sissoo (Sisham)

E. Eugenia jambolana (Jamun)

F. Grevillea robusta (Silver oak)

G. Tamarinds indica (Imli)

H. Pongamia glabra (Indian beech)

I. Tamarix articzdata (Tamarisk)

Albizia lebbeck

Botanical name- Albizia

lebbeck

Vernacular name:- Siris


Life 30-40 yrs.

Height- 9-16 mtr

Spread- 12-16mtr

Azadiracta indica

Botanical name-

Azadiracta indica

Vernacular name:- Neem



70-80 yrs.

Height- 12-20 mtr

Spread- 15-22mtr

climate- Dry

Uses- used to keep insects out of clothes,

books, The twigs are used as tooth-sticks, The

tree is very often planted for shade along

roads, etc.

Ailanthus excelsa

Botanical name-

Ailanthus excelsa

Vernacular name:-

Maharukh ,tree of heaven


maturity 15-20 yrs.

Height- 12-15 mtr

Spread- 13-19 mtr

Uses- control erosion, shelter belt

plantation

Soil- any soil prefer sandy loam.

Eugenia jambolana

Botanical name- Eugenia

jambolana

Vernacular name:- jaman

Description:—A medium-

sized to large evergreen

tree & It flowers from

March to May and fruits

in July.

Habitat:—All India except the dry regions, to

Indo-China and Australia. Uses:—The main uses of the jaman are for

shade and fruit. The bark and seed are used

medicinally.

For Coastal Area

1. Anacardium occidentale (Cashew)

2. Ailanthus malabarica (Alston)

3. Cassuarina equisetifolia (Beef-wood)

4. Pongamia glabra (India beech)

5. Sesbania aculeate (Sesban)

6. Thevetia Peruviana (Yellow oleander)

7. Thespesia populnea (Indian Tulip)

8. Vitex negundo (Sephali)

Cassuarina equisetifolia

Botanical name-

Cassuarina equisetifolia

Vernacular name:- Beef-

wood & janli sasu

Type of veg. - evergreen

Maturity 6-8 yrs Life 50-

60 yrs.

Height- 15-22 mtr

Spread- 9-13mtr

Uses- ornamentals, thin, light shade

Soil- variety of soil type ,prefer

lose sea sand.

Pongamia glabra

Botanical name- Pongamia

glabra

Vernacular name:-

karanj India beech &

ponga oil tree


Maturity 5 -8 yrs Life 70-

80 yrs.

Height- 15-22 mtr

Spread- 9-13mtr

Habitat:—Sandy beds of streams and on the sea

coast.

Uses:—Mainly used as a shade tree. The seeds

give a thick reddish-brown oil used for burning

and also medicinally for

skin diseases..

Air Pollution Control by Plants

• Air pollution may be caused by areas or point

sources such as cities, industrial areas,

factories or by linear sources such as

highways.

• Vegetation buffers can minimize the build-up of

pollution levels in urban areas, by acting as

pollution sinks. • Studies have established that air pollution,

smoke and sulphur dioxide leads to an

exacerbation of chronic respiratory diseases

and they are linked to lung cancer, pnemonia,

tuberculosis, chest disease in children,stomach

cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

Effect of Plant

Some of the beneficial results of plantations may

be:

• They are good absorbers of sulphur dioxide.

• Parks with trees have an S02 level lower than

city streets.

• Roadside hedges can reduce traffic generated

air borne lead, on leeward side.

• Heavy roadside planting in the form of

shelterbelts can result in a reduction in airborne

lead.

Some main criteria for selection of plants may be:

Tree, shrubs should have a dense foliage with a

large surface area, because leaves

absorb pollutants.

Evergreen trees are found to be more effective.

The following species may be examined for their

likely potential for pollution control:

Acacia arabica (Babul)

Ficus bengalensis (Banyan)

Ficus religiosa (Peepal)

Lilium spp. (Lily)

Polyalthia lotigifolia (Ashok)

Tamarinds indica (Imli)

Thuja occidentals (Cedar)

Prosopis Juliflora (Mesquite)

Zizypus jujuba (Jujuba), etc.

Choosing Plant

Ficus bengalensis

Botanical name- Ficus

bengalensis

Vernacular name:-

Banyan (Bengalensis in

Latin means from Bengal)

Type of veg. -evergreen

Maturity 10 -20 yrs Life

150-200 yrs.

Height- 15-22 mtr

Spread- 18-25mtr Uses:—deep shade.

Ficus religiosa

Botanical name- Ficus

religiosa

Vernacular name:- pipal

(Religiosa in Latin means

pertaining to religion and

is given to the tree is

considered sacred.) Type of veg. -deciduous


above 200 yrs. Height:- 12-19 mts

Spread:- 15-25 mts

Soil:- any type of soil

Uses:- good shade tree with a long life.

Applications

Air pollution shelterbelts may be used to protect

sensitive land uses from air pollution. For

instance school playgrounds, children play area

and residential estates close to major roads may

be so protected.

Some of the beneficial plant:-

Eucalytus globulus

Botanical name-

Eucalytus globulus

Vernacular name:-

Eucalyptus Type of veg. -evergreen


30-40 yrs

Spread:- 25-45 mts

Height:- 9-12 mts

Height:- 12-19 mts

Spread:- 15-25 mts

Soil:- varied soil except clay.prefer well

drained soil.

ROSA

Vernacular name:- rose


& deciduous both

depends on variety

Height:- upto 2 mts

Uses;- functional &

aesthetic

CARICA PAPAYA

Vernacular name:- papaya


Height:- 5-10 mts

Category of veg.:- tree

Uses;- functional &

aesthetic

Vernacular name:- aloe

vera


Height:- upto 1 mts

Category of veg.:- shrubs

Uses;- functional &

aesthetic

ALOE VERA

CITRUS LIMON

Vernacular name:- lemon


Height:- 3-6mts

Category of veg.:- tree

Uses;- functional &

aesthetic

Category of vegetation: Shrub Vernacular Name:

Bamboo Palm, Lady Palm.

Height:-around 2mt

Type of vegetation:

Deciduous.

Uses: Aesthetical.

Raphis Palm

Category of vegetation: Shrub Vernacular Name: : Areca

Palm.

Height:-around 2mt

Type of vegetation:

Deciduous.

Uses: Aesthetical.

Chrysalidocarpus Lutescens

Nolina

Category of vegetation: Shrub Vernacular Name: : Giant

Nolina.

Height:-around 2mt

Type of vegetation:

Deciduous.

Uses: Aesthetical.

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