Landscape Management: April 13 - 29 EEES 4760/6760
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Transcript of Landscape Management: April 13 - 29 EEES 4760/6760
Landscape Management: April 13 - 29Landscape Management: April 13 - 29
EEES 4760/6760EEES 4760/6760
• Term Paper II (final) is due on 5/6/2009. Again, do not wait until the last minute!
• 5% penalty for each delayed day will be applied for Term Paper II
• Field trip on April 27, 2009 (required)
• Final schedule for the remaining 3 weeks had been posted on the class Webpage
• Major topics: fire management, HARVEST model and applications, LE case study in Inner Mongolia (Nan Lv), and challenges in landscape management
Ecology & Management of Disturbed LandscapesEcology & Management of Disturbed LandscapesChallenges and OpportunitiesChallenges and Opportunities
Jiquan ChenJiquan Chen
Landscape Ecology & Ecosystem ScienceLandscape Ecology & Ecosystem ScienceUniversity of ToledoUniversity of Toledo
Apr 13, 2009Apr 13, 2009
Fires, Management, and Land Mosaics Interactions: Fires, Management, and Land Mosaics Interactions:
A Generic Spatial Model and Toolkit from Stand to A Generic Spatial Model and Toolkit from Stand to Landscape ScalesLandscape Scales
Jiquan Chen (University of Toledo)
Thomas Crow (USDA Forest Service)
Bo Song (Clemson University)
Jacob LaCroix (University of Toledo)
Soung – Ryoul Ryu (University of Toledo)
Daolan Zheng (University of New Hampshire)
Xianli Wang (University of Alberta)
Spatial Explicit, Fire Management Toolkit
Cause-effect analysisVisualization system
Community Composition and Function (N & C)
Climate Individual Fire Fires in the Landscapecumulative effects
Landscape Mosaic
Fuel Load PatternFuel LoadPredicted Land
Mosaic over Time
StandDynamics
StandDynamics
cumulative effects
ic
(4) fire-communityinteractions
Management
[5] future land mosaics feedbacks
[4]current land mosaics feedbacks
[3] climate Feedbacks
[1]
fuel
load
& d
ist r
ibu t
ion
feed
b ack
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Di s
turb
a nce
s[2
] di
stur
ban c
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e dba
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Development of a generic, spatially-explicit management toolkit Development of a generic, spatially-explicit management toolkit based on 4 key interactions among fire, fuels, vegetation, & based on 4 key interactions among fire, fuels, vegetation, &
management practicesmanagement practices
Fuel Loading
Litter Wood Debris
ANPP Litter
BiomassHarvest
Wood Debris
litterfall
Accumulation
Harvesting Decision
Woody SlashHarvesting
Ps
Litter DecompositionACP Max
ACP MinLocation
SlopeLitter Slash
ANPP Curve PatternLitter loss
WD Decomposition
StemWoodPortion
Litter decay rate
BranchPortion
Rotation
Harvesting Age
Rotation
Maximum ANPP
Harvesting Decision
LitterPortion
WD decay rate
Ryu et al. (2007)
But, managers need “cookbooks”But, managers need “cookbooks”
Simulated fire spreads in Simulated fire spreads in different parts of a different parts of a managed forest managed forest landscape in Northern landscape in Northern Wisconsin. Wisconsin.
Pattern-ProcessPattern-Process
Animations of A Simulated Fire (FARSITE) in N. WIAnimations of A Simulated Fire (FARSITE) in N. WI
Wang et al. (2006)
FARSITE Surface Fire InteractiveFARSITE Surface Fire Interactive Chequamegon National Forest, WI
• Introduction• Fire Spread
– Red Pine• Site Photos• Simulation• Data Table• Graph
– Hardwood• Site Photos• Simulation• Data Table• Graph
– Jack Pine• Site Photos• Simulation• Data Table• Graph
• Acknowledgments• Contact
– [email protected]• About
– FARSITE– JFSP– LEES Lab University of Toledo
Objective: to place fires on the Chequamegon National Forest (FARSITE simulations of 15-day fires) in different patches/habitats to examine the fire-mosaic interactions.
Choose a locationfrom the map.
Choose a LocationChoose a Location
Red Pine StandsNorthern HardwoodsJack Pine Barrens
No more activities, end.
LegendRed = Litter with no under
story, Red PinesGreen = Litter with under
story, Northern HardwoodsYellow = Brush < 2 ft high,
Pine BarrensBrown = Light Logging Slash, Clear cuts
Moquah NaturalArea
Fire Tower
Pipeline
Pipeline
Bladder Lake
Lake Lenawee
Twin LakesCampground
Horseshoe LakeHorse Camp
N
1 2 3 Miles
Back to outline
Northern Northern HardwoodsHardwoods Forest Type Forest Type
Characterized by FARSITE as fuel with litter and under story.
Northern Hardwoods may include species like Sugar Maple, Red Maple, Red Oak, White Oak,Ironwood, Hazelnut and can, in this exercise, include softer Birches and Aspens.
http://www.fs.fed.us/r9/cnnf/reports/report1999/ http://sevilleta.unm.edu/research/crosssite/carbon/images.htm
Back to outline
Northern Hardwoods:Choose the number of days for the fire to last and the level of rain desired.
Low Rain Average Rain High Rain
5 Days 5_Lo Rain 5_Ave Rain 5_Hi Rain
10 Days 10_Lo Rain 10_Ave Rain 10_Hi Rain
15 Days 15_Lo Rain 15_Ave Rain 15_Hi Rain
End
Back to locations Back to outline
Fuel Loading within AEI and AMEI Scenarios Effect Fire Fuel Loading within AEI and AMEI Scenarios Effect Fire Size and MovementSize and Movement
Jacob LaCroix
Questions:Questions: • Does AEI and AMEI (area of multiple edge influence)
affect fire movement? (Li et al., 2006)
• Can managing fuel loading in AEI impact fire spread?
• Which ecosystems resist edge influences? • Can we manage burned area outside of a
prescribed fire at the landscape level?
HypothesesHypotheses
1. Adding and manipulating the fuel loading within AEI and AMEI landscape scenarios will change burned area and fire movement
• Using multiple measures, BA and fire front vector direction and loading
2. AEI will override the role of the dominant ecosystem fuel in which a fire is located and control fire front direction and vector loading
ObjectivesObjectives
• Overall: to examine edge fuel loading structural scenarios for contributions to fire movement with multiple levels of fuel loading in AEI and AMEI
• To determine: – The impacts of AEI and AMEI on fire size and movement– Fire front direction and vector loading without edges to
isolate the AEI and AMEI effects • FARSITE parameterization: to demonstrate an
application of a GIS AMEI delineating procedure – Algorithm developed in the LEES Lab (Li et al. 2006)
MethodsMethods
• Six landscapes: 1 no edge, 3 with single edge, each with different fuel loading, 2 AMEIi – 3 levels of fuel
• Dependent variables (predictions):
– Burned area (ha), fire front direction (az. degrees), and vector loading, (% of 5/7 fuels)
• Analysis by ecosystem
• Focus on daily fire front vector responses
Model#
Description Fuel Loading(mg/ha)
1 hour 10 hour 100 hour
Rate of Spread(m/min)
Flame Length(m)
5 Brush 2.24 1.12 0.00 4.8 1.3
20 Low Edge 1.68 1.12 2.80 0.3 0.2
8 Red Pine 3.36 2.24 5.60 0.7 0.3
21 Medium Edge 3.27 0.46 0.17 1.5 0.5
11 Light Slash 3.36 10.11 12.35 2.0 1.1
10 Hardwood 6.75 4.48 11.23 2.5 1.5
22 High Edge 10.12 6.72 16.85 3.7 2.1
31 AMEI 1 10.12 6.72 16.85 3.7 2.1
32 AMEI 2 10.80 7.17 17.97 4.0 2.3
33 AMEI 3 12.15 8.06 20.21 4.5 2.5
Fuel loading for Anderson (1982) and custom fuels
Percent Area in Each Classification
Anderson’s (1982) Fuel Model #’s
Custom Fuel Model #’s
Brush Red Pine
Hardwood
Slash Low Med High AMEI 1
AMEI 2
AMEI 3
Scenarios 5 8 10 11 20 21 22 31 32 33
No Edge 25 14 52 9 0 0 0 0 0 0
Low 15 9 42 5 29 0 0 0 0 0
Medium 15 9 42 5 0 29 0 0 0 0
High 15 9 42 5 0 0 29 0 0 0
AMEIi30 15 9 42 5 0 0 0 25 3 1
AMEIi60 8 5 32 2 0 0 0 42 11 1
Landscape ScenariosLandscape Scenarios
Landscapes
Edge Structure Influences Burned AreaEdge Structure Influences Burned Area
AMEI 30, loc 16, day 1Burned area = 51.6 haFire front dir = 174o
Vector loading HW = 9%, slash = 20%,AMEI 2 = 61%, AMEI 3 = 10%.
AEI high, loc 16, day 1Burned area = 47.5 haFire front dir = 176o
Vector loading HW = 9%, slash = 26%AEI = 65%.
Landscape Classification Changes Fire Front Direction Landscape Classification Changes Fire Front Direction and Fuel Loadingand Fuel Loading
Brush Red pine HW Slash Water AEI = AMEI1
AMEI2 AMEI3
AMEI 30, loc 16, day 1Burned area = 51.6 haFire front dir = 174o
Vector loading HW=9%, slash=20%AMEI 1 = 61%, AMEI 2 = 10%.
AMEI 60, loc 16, day 1Burned area = 71.0 haFire front dir = 179o
Vector loadingHW=7%, AMEI 1 = 48%AMEI 2 = 35%, AMEI 3 = 10%
AMEI Landscape Classification ChangesAMEI Landscape Classification ChangesUsing Different DEIUsing Different DEI
Brush Red pine HW Slash Water AEI = AMEI1
AMEI2 AMEI3
AMEI 60, loc 6, day 1Burned area = 44.4 haFire front direction = 140o Vector loadingHW = 20%, AMEI 1 = 65%, AMEI 2 = 15%.
AMEI 60, loc 6, day 2Burned area = 255.4 haFire front direction = 195o Vector loadingHW = 14%, AMEI 1 = 47%, AMEI 2 = 30%, AMEI 3 = 9%.
Daily Changes in Fire Front Vector for the Daily Changes in Fire Front Vector for the AMEI 60 ScenarioAMEI 60 Scenario
Brush Red pine HW Slash Water AEI = AMEI1
AMEI2 AMEI3
Edge Influence in Jack PineEdge Influence in Jack Pine
Edge Influence in HardwoodsEdge Influence in Hardwoods
Amei30
5
8
10
11
31
32
33
98
N
c
d
Fire Front Vectors Differ Among LandscapesFire Front Vectors Differ Among Landscapes
Vector Fuel LoadingYellow = BrushBlack = Edge/AMEI 1Grey = AMEI 2Green = HardwoodBrown = SlashRed = Pine
ReferenceLandscape
cd
bc
dc
0 5 102.5 Kilometers
Amei30, Loc 3
5
8
10
11
31
32
33
98
0 650 1,300325 Meters
N
abc
d
ef
LandscapeEdge Fuel Loading Scenariosa = low b = medium c = no edged = high e = AMEI 30f = AMEI 60
Fire Front Vectors Differ Among LandscapesFire Front Vectors Differ Among LandscapesJack Pine EcosystemJack Pine Ecosystem
Vector Fuel LoadingYellow = Brush, Black = Edge/AMEI 1Grey = AMEI 2, Green = HardwoodBrown = Slash, Red = Pine
ReferenceLandscape
Amei30, Loc 8
5
8
10
11
31
32
33
98
N
abc
d
ef
LandscapeEdge Fuel Loading Scenariosa = low b = medium c = no edged = high e = AMEI 30f = AMEI 60
Fire Front Vectors Differ Among LandscapesFire Front Vectors Differ Among LandscapesHardwoods EcosystemHardwoods Ecosystem
Vector Fuel LoadingYellow = Brush, Black = Edge/AMEI 1Grey = AMEI 2, Green = HardwoodBrown = Slash, Red = Pine
ReferenceLandscape
0 900 1,800450 Meters
a
b
cd
ef
Amei30, Loc 14
5
8
10
11
31
32
33
98
N
abc
d
LandscapeEdge Fuel Loading Scenariosa = low b = medium c = no edged = high e = AMEI 30f = AMEI 60
Fire Front Vectors Differ Among LandscapesFire Front Vectors Differ Among LandscapesRed Pines EcosystemRed Pines Ecosystem
Vector Fuel LoadingYellow = Brush, Black = Edge/AMEI 1Grey = AMEI 2, Green = HardwoodBrown = Slash, Red = Pine
ReferenceLandscape
b
cd
0 890 1,780445 Meters
a
bc
d
ef
ConclusionsConclusions
• Harvest changed patch configuration and thereby burned area (BA) Rain influences BA
• AEI fuel loading altered BA
• AEI and AMEI changed modeled projection of fire size and movement
• AMEI gave more details and delineated complex edge locations to place fuel
• Low edge fuel loading changed fire front vector direction
• High edge fuel loading acted as a corridor for fire spread and can over ride the dominant ecosystem fuel
Questions?Questions?