Landfill Management Plan

MaunsellMcIntyre W

LANDFILL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Alice Springs Town Council

Maunsell McIntyre Pty Ltd

Consulting EngineersEnvironmental Scientists

Project Managersand Planners

February 2000Tel: 08 8236 2222

34199 Fax: 08 8232 0396

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ALICE SPRINGS LANDFILL

LANDFILL MANAGEMENT PLAN

REVISION REVISION DATE DETAILS AUTHORISEDNAME/POSITION SIGNATURE

Draft 03/09/99 EM Schaffeler —Project Manager

PreviouslySi d

A 01/02/00 EM Schaffeler-Project Manager

Maunsell McIntyre Proprietary Limited 2000

The information contained in this document produced by Maunsell McIntyre Pty Ltd is solely for the use of the Client identified onthe cover sheet for the purpose for which it has been prepared and Maunsell McIntyre Pty Ltd undertakes no duty to or accepts anyresponsibility to any third party who may rely upon this document.

All rights reserved. No section or element of this document may be removed from this document, reproduced, electronically storedor transmitted in any form without the written permission of Maupsell McIntyre Pty Ltd.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION 11.1 Background 11.2 Landfill Management Approach 11.3 Objectives of the Landfill Management Plan 21.4 Northern Territory Landfill Guidelines 2

2. SITE DETAILS 32.1 Management Authority 32.2 Location of Landfill 32.3 Geographic Area and Serviced Population 32.4 Site Description 4

2.4.1 Topography 42.4.2 Geology 42.4.3 Hydrogeology 42.4.4 Soils and Vegetation 52.4.5 Surface Water 52.4.6 Climate 52.4.7 Surrounding Land Uses and Buffers 62.4.8 100 Year Flood Area 62.4.9 Current Site Conditions 6

2.5 Site Development Plan 62.5.1 General 62.5.2 Site Infrastructure 7

3. SITE MANAGEMENT 93.1 Leachate Management 9

3.1.1 Non-Listed Waste 93.1.2 Listed Wastes 9

3.2 Surface Water Management 103.2.1 Strategy 103.2.2 Design Rainfall 103.2.3 Control Structures and Measures 10

3.3 Soil Erosion Control 113.4 Fire Protection 123.5 Pest and Vector Control 13

3.5.1 Animal Pests 133.5.2 Insects 13

3.6 Litter Control 133.7 Landfill Gas Management 143.8 Site Rehabilitation 14

3.8.1 Final Landform 143.8.2 After Use 143.8.3 Rehabilitation Activities 14

3.9 Information 143.10 Plant and Equipment 14

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4. WASTE MANAGEMENT 164.1 Landfill Staging 164.2 Operational Details 164.3 Reuse and Recycling 174.4 Wastes Disposed of at the Landfill 19

5. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 205.1 Environmental Strategy 205.2 Management Structure and Responsibilities 21

5.2.1 Involved Parties 215.2.2 Responsibilities 21

5.3 Records of Site Management and Operations 235.4 Environmental Monitoring 24

5.4.1 General 245.4.2 Surface Water 245.4.3 Groundwater 255.4.4 Landfill Gas 265.4.5 Noise 275.4.6 Dust 275.4.7 Odour 285.4.8 Litter 295.4.9 Weed and Pest Control, Landscaping, Erosion Control 295.4.10 Review of Monitoring Results 29

5.5 Review of LMP Provisions 305.6 Rehabilitation Fund. 305.7 Insurance 30

List of FiguresFigure 1 — Site locationFigure 2 — Regional geologyFigure 3 — Groundwater contoursFigure 4 — Existing landfill detailsFigure 5 — Existing surface water drainageFigure 6 — Proposed landfill contoursFigure 7 — Cross sectionsFigure 8 — Proposed infrastructureFigure 9 — Future stormwater managementFigure 10 — SignageFigure 11 — StagingFigure 12 — Transfer and recycling facilityFigure 13 — Environmental monitoring locations

AppendicesAppendix A — Meteorological dataAppendix B — Surrounding Land UseAppendix C — Landscaping PlanAppendix D — HELP model summary of resultsAppendix E — Landfill Gas AssessmentAppendix F — Waste typesAppendix G — Groundwater quality background data

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 BackgroundThe existing landfill on Commonage Road, Alice Springs provides the major waste disposal locationfor the township of Alice Springs and its surrounding areas. The Northern Territory WasteManagement and Pollution Control Act 1998, under Schedule 2, requires a licence for the operationof a waste disposal facility. This Landfill Management Plan (LMP) has been prepared to provide theDepartment of Lands Planning and Environment with relevant information to allow an assessment ofenvironmental issues associated with the landfill facility for the purpose of granting an EnvironmentProtection Licence.

To ensure that the environment protection measures of the LMP are adhered to by the landfilloperator, the LMP will form part of the tender documents for the operation of the landfill. It isexpected that a Contractor will be appointed by Alice Springs Town Council in mid-2000.

The landfill will provide a long term waste disposal facility for Alice Springs and regional areas.Alice Springs Town Council will ensure that appropriate techniques in the design, operation and aftercare of the landfill are adopted. These techniques are not a fixed set of standards which applieseverywhere in all circumstances. They evolve to suit particular ecosystems and communityexpectations. Ongoing monitoring and performance review at the landfill may lead to improvementsin landfill operations, and to the definition and adoption of best practice measures.

A Waste Reduction Plan ("WRPlan") has been prepared by Maunsell McIntyre for the Alice SpringsTown Council in December 1999. As both the LMP and the WRPIan address waste managementissues in Alice Springs, reference will be made to the WRPIan in this document where necessary.

In addition landfill investigations were conducted by Maunsell McIntyre in late 1999 to determine thequality of groundwater below the site and the landfill gas generation potential.

1.2 Landfill Management ApproachThere is the potential for environmental impacts to be generated by the landfill. However, thesepotential impacts will be ameliorated by careful management and appropriate control measures.

Major issues concerninb the landfill are:

n waste reduction activities

n site management and operations, including monitoring of the characteristics of incomingwaste, regular topographic surveys, cover material

n erosion and stormwater management

n leachate management

n landfill gas management

n nuisance avoidance, including noise, air emissions, dust and odour, visual amenity, littercontrol, weed control, pest control and fire control

n post-closure management

To control and manage the above issues, Alice Springs Town Council will ensure that environmentalmanagement measures, as listed in this report, will be implemented.

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1.3 Objectives of the Landfill Management PlanThis LMP details actions and procedures to be carried out during the operation and post-closurephases of the landfill in order to mitigate adverse impacts on the environment where practicable.

The purpose of the environmental management process is to:

n produce a framework for control of design, construction, operational and post-closureimpacts, including practicable and achievable performance requirements and a system ofmonitoring, reporting and implementing corrective action

n minimise adverse effects to the environment

n provide information for the landfill licence

n provide evidence of compliance with legislation, policies, guidelines and requirements ofrelevant authorities

provide the community with assurance that management of the landfill will be conducted inan environmentally acceptable manner

1.4 Northern Territory Landfill GuidelinesThe Northern Territory Guidelines for Solid Waste Disposal Sites (1995) were followed in preparingthis LMP. Additional management measures were provided, where considered necessary, to ensurethat compliance with authority requirements and community expectations is facilitated.

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2. SITE DETAILS

2.1 Management AuthorityThe management authority responsible for the landfill will be:

Alice Springs Town CouncilPO Box 1071Alice Springs NT 0871

Ph: (08) 8950 0500Fx: (08) 8953 0558

2.2 Location of LandfillThe landfill is located on Portion 7902 on Commonage Road, Alice Springs. Portion 7902 is situatedsouth-west of Heavitree Gap, north of the Alice Springs effluent treatment lagoons and approximately500m west of the Todd River (see Figure 1).

2.3 Geographic Area and Serviced PopulationThe landfill is the major formal waste disposal facility in the Alice Springs region. Quantitativeinformation for the incoming waste stream is not available. The following estimates were supplied byAlice Springs Town Council:

Source/Type Volume in Landfill Weight(cubic metres) (tonnes)

Main FaceMunicipal Collection (Hannons) 9,375 7,500Commercial Collections (Hannons) 6,000 4,500Other Commercial 3,750 1,200Rural 2,500 1,500Garden Wastes 6,000 3,600Council Waste 1,250 1,000Airport, Pine Gap, Jail 1,500 1,200Other/Demolition 2,500 1,500

Sub Total 32,875 22,000

Other FacesDemolition Waste 8,000 10,000Tree Prunings 3,500 1,400Tyres 4,000 1,000

Sub Total 15,500 12,400Total 48,375 34,400

Cover Material 13,846 18,000

TOTAL 62,221 52,400

The need for more reliable waste data is stated in the WRPlan. The above estimates were used inthis LMP. It is recommended that these estimates be revised, if necessary, once data from wastesurveys becomes available.

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The waste stream comprises virtually all wastes from Alice Springs (with the exception of medicalwastes), falling into the following categories:

n construction and demolition (C&D) wastes

n green waste

n domestic waste

n commercial & industrial (C&I) waste

n special wastes (eg oil, paints, solvents, asbestos, grease trap wastes)

2.4 Site Description

2.4.1 TopographyThe Alice Springs landfill is located on undulating slopes at the edge of the valley bounded by theHeavitree Range to the north and an unnamed range to the south. The ranges protrude to a heightof up to 350m above the valley floor at grades of up to 50%. The southern boundary of the landfill isalong Commonage Road and is situated on the northern edge of the relatively flat valley floor. Theelevation of the southern boundary of the site is approximately 565m AHD. The northern boundarytraverses undulating terrain at the foot of the Heavitree Range with elevations between 580m and590m AHD. Surface water drainage from the site would mostly flow towards Commonage Road,although some drainage would also flow east towards the Stuart Highway.

2.4.2 GeologyThe landfill is situated at the northern end of the Amadeus Basin. The northern, undulating portion ofthe site is underlain by the Bitter Springs formation which is comprised of dolomite and siltstone.This portion of the site mostly has only skeletal soil over the Bitter Springs formation which outcropson the knolls and elevated parts of the site. The northern edge of the Quaternary alluvium whichforms the Inner Farm Basin aquifer appears to be coincident with the southern boundary of the siteon Commonage Road. Inspections of bore logs from Blatherskite Park reveals that the alluvium is upto 10m thick. The Bitter Springs formation underlies the alluvium north of the Charles River fault.South of the fault, the alluvium is underlain by the Alice Springs Granite formation.

Figure 2 provides an outline of the regional geology.

2.4.3 Hydrogeology

Publicly Available InformationThe southern portion of the landfill is adjacent to the north-western edge of the Inner Farm Basinaquifer in the quaternary alluvium. This aquifer is situated mostly to the east of the Todd River butalso extends west under Blatherskite Park. The aquifer is generally quite shallow and averages to adepth of approximately 4m. Bore logs from Blatherskite Park indicate that the aquifer thickness is upto 10m in this area.

The northern portion of the landfill overlies the Bitter Springs formation which outcrops towards thenorthern boundary. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the presence of groundwater beneath thisformation and therefore across the northern part of the site would be highly variable. This is due tothe siltstone and limestone units underlying the site being of low permeability and the movement ofwater through them being dependent on the degree to which they are fractured.


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Investigation of bore logs for the bores in Blatherskite Park reveal that the quaternary aquifer'spiezometric surface is at approximately 562m AHD. The Ilpara swamp wetlands are bounded by thesewage treatment works and Blatherskite Park to the north, and a range to the south. The elevationof the overflow point from these wetlands is 560.6m AHD which indicates the potential for recharge ofthe wetlands from the quaternary aquifer.

A subsurface Quaternary palaeochannel exists to the west of the Todd River. Throughflow in thispalaeochannel which flows through the Commonage from the Town Basin to the Outer Farm Basin isestimated at about 1,000kUd. The main palaeochannel aquifer discharges through Blatherskite gap.

To the west of Blatherskite Park the sewage treatment ponds and Ilparpa swamp are not in hydrauliccontact with any significant aquifers. Groundwater in this area is of naturally high salinity.

Groundwater InvestigationsAn investigation of groundwater below the landfill site was conducted in 1999 ("Landfill Investigations– Alice Springs Town Councir', Maunsell McIntyre, December 1999). The investigation did not revealcontamination which could be attributed to the operation of the landfill. However, it appears that theeffluent ponds to the south of the site significantly affect groundwater flow. A groundwater moundhas been created below and to the north of the ponds. The mound has altered natural groundwatergradients. The locations of local groundwater bores and inferred groundwater contours are providedon Figure 3.

2.4.4 Soils and VegetationOriginal soils and vegetation have been largely removed as a result of previous landfill operations. Alarge portion of the site is now either covered by waste, or has been substantially disturbed due tolandfilling and associated operations (see Figure 4).

2.4.5 Surface WaterThe landfill is located in an area with an annual rainfall of 275mm and a pan evaporation of3,030mm, measured at Alice Springs Airport. Significant run-off events generally occur as a result ofthunderstorms or tropical storms.

Original surface water drainage patterns on the existing landfill area have been altered substantially.Apart from clearly defined landfill slopes, where stormwater erosion has occurred, no drainagepatterns are obvious.

Surface water drainage outside landfilled areas is generally in accordance with flow paths as theyexisted prior to commencing landfilling activities. An assessment of external flow paths is providedon Figure 5.

It is expected that the catchment containing the landfill will drain towards the east into theTodd River. Anecdotal evidence indicates that runoff from the catchment can also floodBlatherskite Park and Ilparpa swamp.

2.4.6 ClimateThe climate at Alice Springs is typical of arid conditions. In summer, the maximum temperatureregularly exceeds 40°C. In winter the maximum daily temperature is generally below 20°C with frostsnot uncommon at night. Monsoonal influences provide rainfall in summer which exceedsprecipitation rates in winter. Average monthly pan evaporation rates exceed monthly rainfall rates forall months of the year. Relevant climatic data is provided in Appendix A.


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2.4.7 Surrounding Land Uses and BuffersThe Draft Alice Springs Land Use Structure Plan 1999 provides the following information for theIlparpa area (see also Appendix B).

"Further development in the CommonageMparpa area will be limited and nofurther rural residential areas are provided for beyond the land currently setaside for that purpose.

The Commonage clay pan area is to be protected from development and isproposed as an open space/conservation area because of its environmentalsensitivity.

Blatherskite Park is the preferred site for developing a sports complex in theshort-to-medium term. The desirability of a larger scale and more compactfacility has been identified, to provide for a range of sports, particularly forevents such as the Masters Games, which has become a regular event on theAlice Springs sports and tourist calendar.

The sewage treatment facilities will be retained in the current locations,supplemented as the need arises, with appropriate buffers so that continueddevelopment and use is not compromised.

The waste disposal facility will be retained at its current location, withappropriate buffers maintained (to the adjoining community living area, therailway and the Stuart Highway) to minimise adverse impacts (visual, dust,noise, odours, etc)."

The Northern Territory Guidelines for Solid Waste Disposal sites stipulate a 500m buffer toresidential areas and 200m to industrial areas.

2.4.8 100 Year Flood AreaThe possibility of flooding in the vicinity of the landfill in a 100 year flood event has been investigated.Appendix B provides a plan showing the area expected to be flooded. The landfill site is situatedoutside the 100 year flood area of the Todd River.

2.4.9 Current Site ConditionsThe landfill site has been used for waste disposal since the 1960s. Figure 4 shows the extent oflandfilled solid waste, and current landfill activities.

Areas to the west and north of the site have been used for waste disposal since the 1930s, based onanecdotal information.

2.5 Site Development Plan

2.5.1 GeneralAlice Springs Town Council intends to use the landfill for the disposal of wastes in the long term. Inconjunction with the provision of sufficient landfill space, Council will upgrade the landfill operationsto a standard acceptable to the community and authorities.

Rehabilitation of Eastern Portion (Area A)Landfilling activities in the eastern half of the site has resulted in a landfill mound (see Figure 6). Thisarea will be rehabilitated to reflect local conditions in the vicinity of the landfill. Some minor landfillingwill be required to achieve final site contours. An engineered cap will be provided to ensure that longterm environmental impacts are minimised. The capped landfill will be landscaped to facilitateincorporation into existing landforms.


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Filling and Rehabilitation of Western Portion (Area B)The existing landfill area to the west of Area A and some adjacent land will be used for wastedisposal in the future (see Figure 6). Once landfilling has ceased, an engineered cap will beprovided to ensure that long term environmental impacts are minimised. The capped landfill will belandscaped to facilitate incorporation into existing landforms.

Waste Recycling and TransferA waste recycling and transfer facility will be constructed on the western boundary of the site(see Figures 8 and 12). Waste from domestic Council collections will be disposed of directly at thetipping face. Scavenging of waste materials at the tipping face may be conducted. Other wastematerials will be inspected prior to its disposal, and either delivered to the recycling and transfer areaor disposed of at the tipping face. The recycling and transfer area may also provide for the storageof recycled materials and processing of materials, eg green waste.

Listed Waste RepositoryA Listed Waste repository will be constructed at the north-western end of the landfill. The repositorywill be provided with an engineered base liner (clay + HDPE) and an engineered cap (clay + HDPE)to ensure that long term environmental impacts are minimised.

Contractor's CompoundThe current compound area will be relocated to the western site boundary (see Figure 8).

Final Site ContoursFilling of the site with waste materials will result in concept contours as shown on Figure 6. Finalcontours will be determined under consideration of landscaping issues (see Appendix C).

2.5.2 Site InfrastructureThe landfill operations will be contained within Portion 7902. The following site infrastructure isproposed (see Figure 9):

Site Office and A site office and Contractor's compound will be provided to allow forCompound administrative and maintenance activities.

Weighbridge A weighbridge will be constructed at the entrance to the landfill.

Water Supply For the purpose of dust suppression and fire fighting the existing mainswater supply will be extended to the recycling and transfer facility. A firehydrant will be provided for fire fighting purposes.

Fencing A 2.15m high vermin proof security fence will be constructed around theperimeter of the landfill and the recycling and transfer station.

Access Roads

Waste RecyclingFacility

An access road will be constructed to allow access to the recycling andtransfer station. For this purpose, Commonage Road will be bitumensealed to the western end of the current landfill, and an access road beconstructed between Commonage Road and the recycling and transferfacility.

To allow recycling of waste materials and transfer of waste delivered byincoming vehicles, a waste recycling facility will be established along thewestern boundary of Section 7902. The facility will allow for the drop-offof reuseable materials, recyclable materials, green waste, inert soil andselected building and demolition wastes.

Waste Transfer Facility A waste transfer facility will be provided for disposal of wastes received onvehicles with a gross weight of less than 5t.


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Resale Centre , A resale centre will be provided along the site exit road. This will allow theredistribution of reuseable and recycled goods.

Stormwater Ponds

Stormwater detention ponds will be established along the boundaries ofthe landfill to avoid uncontrolled stormwater runoff.


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3. SITE MANAGEMENT

3.1 Leachate Management

3.1.1 Non-Listed WasteLeachate is formed when water from precipitation or moisture contained within the waste percolatesthrough the landfill material, becoming contaminated in the process. The leachate then migrates tothe landfill base.

The Alice Springs landfill is situated in an area with a mean annual rainfall of 275mm and a meanannual pan evaporation of 3,030mm. This implies a large net evaporation, and leachate generationis expected to be low.

The most effective way to manage landfill leachate is to avoid the infiltration of stormwater. For thispurpose, a 1,000mm thick soil cap with a permeability of less than 2 x 10-6 m/s will be provided for thelandfill. The capped surface will be contoured at grades between 1:10 and 1:20. The surface gradeswill direct surface runoff to the landfill perimeter.

Future leachate generation at the Alice Springs landfill has been modelled using the HELP modeldeveloped by the USEPA. The modelling results are provided in Appendix D.

In summary, the following leachate generation rates are anticipated:

Landfill Condition

Generation Over 20 Years Generation Over 50 Years

Existing uncapped landfill

100mm 450mm

Capped finished landfill

5mm 30mm

It can be seen from these figures that it will be important to provide the landfill with an engineeredcap as soon as practicable. Once capped, it is less likely that landfill leachate will reach thegroundwater as 30mm of leachate over a 50 year period should be absorbed by natural soilunderlying the landfill. Site investigations indicate that there is at least 3m of soil between the baseof the landfill and the groundwater.

3.1.2 Listed WastesLeachate management for Listed Wastes requires stringent risk protocols. To ensure that publichealth and environmental risks are minimised, the following measures will be implemented:

n base and capping liner consisting of:lm of clay (permeability of lco m/s or less)2mm HDPEadequate protection layers for the liners (sand, geotextiles or similar)

n grading of the base liner system to allow leachate runoff (if any)

n leachate drainage layer and collection system

n treatment of leachate (if any)

n temporary storage of Listed Wastes under cover at the landfill

n disposal of Listed Wastes in containers or plastic bags only once a month

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cover of hazardous wastes with 500mm soil cover

grading of soil cover to ensure stormwater runoff

installation of capping liner and final cover (1 m layer of soil) annually

3.2 Surface Water Management

3.2.1 StrategySurface water management at the Alice Springs Landfill site is based upon the following strategy:

n minimisation of the ingress of surface water into the deposited waste

n surface water runoff from the landfill site to be retained on site (for rainfall events up to the100 year ARI event)

n runoff will be collected via open surface water drains and diverted into on-site stormwaterponds for evaporation

3.2.2 Design Rainfall .In accordance with Guidelines for the Siting, Design and Management of Solid Waste Disposal Sitesin the Northern Territory, Department of Lands, Planning and Environment, 1995 the surface watermanagement system was designed for a 100 year ARI, assuming an already wet catchment whereseepage zones and wetlands are saturated.

The "Initial Loss and Continuing Loss" model as described in Australian Rainfall and Runoff 1987(ARR87) was used for estimating rainfall runoff.

ARR87 contains guidance on the selection of loss rates for the Northern Territory, as set out below.

n Central Australia Median initial loss 15mmMedian continuing loss = 4mm/hr

Based on this, and in the absence of any site-specific data, the following figures have been adopted:

n initial loss

0mm (ie saturated catchment)

n continuing loss

4mm/hr

Using these losses and intensity/frequency/duration data for Alice Springs, the peak excess rainfallfor the 100 year ARI event is 117mm, which occurs for a storm duration of 18 hours.

3.2.3 Control Structures and MeasuresSurface water runoff from the capped landfill will drain via the natural valleys surrounding the landfillmound to a series of dedicated stormwater ponds. Where necessary open surface water drains willbe constructed to assist drainage.

The landfill site has been divided into five subcatchments. Five stormwater ponds will be constructed(one in each catchment) to control surface water runoff. Ponds were sized using the design rainfallexcess for the 100 year ARI event (refer Section 3.2.2) and are presented in the following table.


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Catchment Catchment Area(Ha)

Design RainfallExcess (mm)

Volume of StorageRequired (m3)

Total Pond VolumeAllowed (m3) (1)

A 28.9 117 33,800 40,200

B 17.8 117 20,900 24,700

C 10.2 117 12,300 14,100

D 97.0 117 11,400 14,800

E 34.4 117 4,500 5,100

Note: (1) — Total pond volume allowed includes at least 15% allowance for loss of volume due to siltation

Due to the high evaporation and relatively low rainfall rates in Alice Springs, stormwater ponds willtypically remain empty for most of the year, with the exception of after infrequent high rainfall events.An estimate of the time taken for the ponds to empty following the 100 year ARI event is contained inthe following table.

Pond Volume (m3) Depth (m) Months to Empty(best case)

Months to Empty(worst case)

A 33,800 2.6 14 16

B 20,900 2.5 13 16

C 12,300 2.2 13 13

D 11,400 2.2 10 12

E 4,500 2.9 16 19

Note: "Months to empty" varies depending on month in which the 100 year ARI rainfall event occurs

Water remaining in ponds after substantial rainfall events may be used for on-site dust suppressionand/or irrigation.

3.3 Soil Erosion ControlErosion of soil at the Alice Springs Landfill can occur via wind or water action. This may result in:

increased siltation of stormwater runoff

generation of dust

the removal of valuable soil thereby hindering revegetation efforts

the creation of site conditions which will further accelerate the erosion process

the removal of protective cover soil and exposure of waste thereby allowing access for pestsand increasing infiltration of water as well as increasing the potential release of litter, odourand landfill gas

n negative impact on the visual amenity of the site

n negative impact on site infrastructure (eg bunds, roads)


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The management measures outlined below will be implemented.

Control Measures Effect

Compaction of waste and final cover Reduce potential of erosion as soon as possiblefollowing placement of waste

Minimise the amount of site disturbance beyond the Minimise the portion of the site susceptible to erosionimmediate active disposal area

Stabilisation and rehabilitation of all disturbed areas Reduce potential for erosion

Implementation of slope stabilisation and revegetation Reduce potential for erosionworks to follow as soon as practicable aftercompletion of the capping earthworks

Sediment controls and/or bunds around stockpiles Prevent stockpile runoff from introducing silt load tosite stormwater runoff

Locate stockpiles away from major drainage lines Reduce exposure to flowing water and minimiseerosion potential

Implementation of temporary erosion control at the

Prevent erosion and facilitate rapid revegetationstart of capping and revegetation programs (eg use ofmulch, hydromulch, straw bales etc)

Maintain erosion control works. Where soil erosion

Discourage increase or reoccurrence of erosionhas occurred, backfill and compact the scoured areasin thin lifts and re-establish vegetation as soon aspossible

3.4 Fire ProtectionThe following fire protection measures will be implemented at the landfill:

n fires or burning of waste will not be permitted

n a 4 m wide fire break will be constructed inside of and adjacent to the site perimeter fence(see Figure 8) and around stockpiles of flammable materials

n a mobile water tanker and front end loader will be located at the site

n a fire hydrant will be installed and maintained at the site for fire fighting purposes

n access tracks within the landfill will be constructed to allow forward entry and exit of firefighting vehicles

n provision of fire extinguishers in all site vehicles and buildings

n training of site personnel to extinguish small fires


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3.5 Pest and Vector Control

3.5.1 Animal PestsThe landfill site will be provided with a 2.15m high vermin proof fence which will restrict themovement of rabbits, cats and canines. The fence will be constructed in accordance with AS 1725.The following specification shall apply:

n 25mm maximum opening of the mesh

n galvanised rail-less chain wire

n 500mm loose overhang on the outside face

n a layer of mesh will be laid flush on the ground 450mm on either side of the fence

n vehicular and pedestrian gates will be constructed solidly and be tight fitting

n a concrete strip will be provided under gates in closed positions

n all gates will be capable of being locked with a secure padlock, and provided with bolts tosecure the gates over the concrete strip in the closed position

Eradication programs will be implemented to remove animal pests from the landfill, as required.

3.5.2 InsectsThe following measures will be implemented to prevent the potential health risk and nuisance createdby the breeding of mosquitoes and flies:

n daily cover of waste with 150mm of soil

n the final landfill levels will be sloped to avoid ponding of surface water

n areas to be filled in the future will be sloped to avoid ponding of water

n no waste of any nature likely to collect water will be left on site

n the disposal of animal carcasses will be supervised (carcasses will be covered immediatelywith sufficient soil to prevent fly emergence)

3.6 Litter ControlThe following measures will be implemented to reduce litter problems:

n there will be only one active tipping face

n daily cover (150mm minimum) will be applied to cover all waste at the end of each day

n the tipping face will be enclosed by moveable litter fences with a minimum height of 2.5m(the distance between the tipping face and the litter fence will be kept to a minimum allowingfor traffic access only)

n the landfill site will be enclosed by a 2.15m high fence

n landscaping will be established along the landfill site boundary


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n daily litter clean ups will be conducted within the landfill site and on adjacent land within500m of the landfill boundaries.

3.7 Landfill Gas ManagementAn assessment of landfill gas issues was undertaken to determine the need for landfill gasmanagement issues (refer Appendix E).

Given the difficulties associated with the extraction of landfill gas due to highly variable recoveryrates over time, natural oxidisation of methane will be the most appropriate landfill gas managementstrategy. This will be achieved by rehabilitating and where practicable revegetating completedportions of the landfill.

The success of these measures will be monitored, and landfill gas levels in the landfill be measuredon a regular basis. If landfill gas emissions are considered unacceptable in the future, extraction andflaring/energy production will be reconsidered.

3.8 Site Rehabilitation

3.8.1 Final LandformThe final landform will be consistent with the slopes and forms found between Commonage Roadand the Heavitree Range. Retention of natural drainage lines to the north and west will maintainexisting drainage patterns. Figure 6 shows the proposed maximum final contours. Adjustments tothese contours may occur as a result of landscaping requirements (see Appendix C). Also theimplementation of the WRPIan may reduce available waste quantities in the future. This would resultin lower final contours.

3.8.2 After UseOnce filling is complete, the site will be restored to reflect site conditions in its vicinity. Active futureuse of the site is not envisaged.

3.8.3 Rehabilitation ActivitiesFollowing the filling of portions of the landfill to final waste levels, these areas will be capped tominimise rainwater infiltration.

To ensure that adequate cover material is available when required on site, suitable material will bestockpiled as it becomes available.

Landscaping of capped areas will be conducted in accordance with a landscaping plan provided inAppendix C.

3.9 InformationTo inform the general public of traffic flow arrangements, acceptable wastes, disposal procedures,gate charges and hours of operations signs will be provided at the landfill site. Typical sign detailsare shown on Figure 10.

3.10 Plant and EquipmentThe following equipment is likely to be used for waste disposal activities:

n a steel wheeled landfill compactor

n a front end loader

n a 5,000L water truck

n a 10t dump truck


MaunsellMcIntyre

Other equipment will be used on site as necessary for transfer of wastes from the recycling andtransfer facility, and for site preparation and site rehabilitation measures. The final selection oflandfill equipment will be the responsibility of the landfill contractor to be engaged by Alice SpringsTown Council.


MaunsellMcIntyre

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4. WASTE MANAGEMENT

4.1 Landfill StagingThe future staging of the landfill has been determined on the following grounds:

n the need to rehabilitate the eastern landfill mound (Area A)

n the need to complete filling and rehabilitation of the existing landfill area within the required500m buffer to adjacent residences (Area B)

n the opportunity to revise final landfill contours in the western half of the landfill (Area B) if thedemand for landfill space decreases in the future, eg as a result of waste reduction activities

The landfill will be staged as follows:

Stage 1 Rehabilitation of existing landfill mound (Area A) . Completed by end of 2003

Stage 2

Filling and rehabilitation of existing landfill within the

Completed by end of 2009500m buffer zone (Area B)

Stages 3-5 Filling and rehabilitation of landfill outside the 500mbuffer zone (Area B)

4.2 Operational DetailsThe following operational details will apply to the landfill:

Completed between 2020and 2030 depending onlandfill space demand

Incoming Wasten Vehicles transporting waste to the site will enter the site via a new access road off

Commonage Road.

Waste materials will be inspected by site staff.

Reusable materials and recyclable wastes can be dropped off at the recycling facility. Nocharge or a charge less than the disposal charge will apply.

All waste materials to be disposed of at the transfer station or the tipping face will be weighedon a weighbridge. Charges for disposal will be incurred on a weight basis.

Waste materials transported in vehicles other than waste compaction vehicles and trucksover 5t gross weight will be unloaded into containers in the waste transfer facility.

Waste materials transported in waste compaction vehicles and trucks over 5t gross weightwill be disposed of at the tipping face (non-Listed Waste).

Listed Waste materials will be directed to the listed waste repository.

Waste collected in the waste transfer facility will be disposed of at the tipping face at the endof each day, or earlier if the containers need to be emptied.

Waste collected at the recycling facility will be stored temporarily and processed on site oroffsite, or resold in the sales area of the recycling facility.

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Non-Listed Wasten The waste will be placed at the tipping face using the upslope method.

n Scavenging at the tipping face will be conducted by a contractor approved by Alice SpringsTown Council.

n Waste materials disposed of at the tipping face will be compacted to achieve a minimumdensity of 700kg/m3.

n After compaction each lift will be a maximum of 2m high.

n Daily cover of at least 150mm will be applied at the end of each working day to cover allexposed waste materials at the tipping face.

Listed Wasten Listed Waste will be stored temporarily in sealed containers or plastic bags under cover in a

bunded and sealed area.

n Listed Waste will be disposed of once a month, or earlier if the storage area is full, in thesecure repository area only.

Listed Wastes will be covered with 500mm of cover material at the end of each day. Thecover material will be placed at a slope to ensure rainwater runoff. Plastic cover will beplaced over the daily cover at the end of each working day.

n A final cap for the repository will be provided annually.

Cover Stockpilesn A daily cover stockpile of at least 1,000m3 of suitable soil will be maintained on site. The

stockpile will be accessible in all weather conditions.

n Stockpiles of materials for the final landfill cap will be maintained as necessary for theconstruction of the cap.

Hours of OperationThe landfill will be open to the general public daily between 7:30am and 6:00pm. Access before7:30am may be available to Council collection contractors.

4.3 Reuse and Recycling

Drop-Off of MaterialsReuse and recycling activities will occur at the recycling facility. Dependent on the financial viabilityof reusing or recycling individual materials, users of the facility will have the opportunity to unload thefollowing materials at the recycling facility:

n glass

n paper and cardboard

n ferrous metals

n non-ferrous metals

n plastics

n timber


MaunsellMcIntyre

n waste engine and cooking oil

n green waste

n household hazardous materials

n timber

n reusable products not requiring recycling or reprocessing, eg water tanks, white goods

n white goods requiring CFC degassing

n inert soil materials

n building and demolition waste

n tyres

car bodies

batteries

Materials other than waste oil, green waste, household hazardous waste, soil, building anddemolition waste, and reusable products will be collected in steel containers. Waste oil will becollected in specifically designed collection tanks. Green waste will be collected and stored in adesignated area for later processing. Hazardous household wastes will be collected in anundercover area, and regularly disposed of in the hazardous waste repository. Reusable productswill be collected in an undercover area, and stored in a display area for resale. Building anddemolition waste will be collected in a designated area for later processing.

Processing of MaterialsGreen waste may be processed at the landfill site. This would include shredding, and mulching orcomposting to produce a product suitable for use on the rehabilitated landfill, or for use for otherapplications at Alice Springs.

Inert waste may be sorted and reused as daily or final cover material on the landfill.

Building and demolition waste may be sorted and processed to produce cover materials for thelandfill, or recycled construction materials including quarry compatible aggregate for domestic androad construction.

Resale of MaterialsA portion of the recycling facility will be reserved for the resale of materials, eg reusable items,mulch/compost and quarry compatible aggregate.

Monofilling of MaterialsThe reuse or recycling of waste tyres may not be financially viable. In this event tyres collected atthe recycling facility would be disposed of in a section of the landfill reserved for tyres. The tyremonofill location would be surveyed to ensure that it can be relocated if there is an interest inrecovering this resource in the future. No other waste will be placed in the area of the tyre monofill.


MaunsellMcIntyre

4.4 Wastes Disposed of at the LandfillThe Alice Springs landfill facility will accept general putrescible and non-putrescible wastes, andListed Wastes. Liquid wastes other than waste oils and household hazardous wastes will not beaccepted for disposal.

A summary of waste materials accepted at the facility for final disposal are provided in Appendix F.Listed Wastes from interstate sources will not be accepted at the landfill.

In the event of interstate Listed Waste arriving at the landfill the following procedure will beimplemented:

the waste materials will not be accepted

the registration number of the delivery truck and, if possible, the details of the truckingcontractor and the waste generation will be recorded

the trucking contractor will be instructed of its obligations under the "Interstate Transport ofControlled Wastes NEPM"

the relevant interstate environmental state authority will be informed of the incident

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5. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

5.1 Environmental StrategyThe environmental management framework for the Alice Springs landfill is based on the ISO 14000series (International Standards for Environmental Management). AS/NZS ISO 14001:1996 stipulates"continuous improvement" as a major aim for environmental management, and defines it as the"process of enhancing the environmental management system to achieve improvements in overallenvironmental performance".

For the Alice Springs landfill, environmental management of the project will achieve continuousimprovement through a cycle of:

n Environmental Management PlanningThe LMP specifies environmental management measures and the required performancestandards.

n Landfill Infrastructure and OperationsThe landfill will be established and operated in accordance with the LMP. Detailedengineering design for landfill infrastructure will be carried out, eg stormwater management,Listed Waste repository, recycling and transfer facility.

n Monitoring and Corrective ActionThe implementation of LMP measures will be monitored. Any inconsistencies between theLMP and its on-site implementation will be identified and addressed through correctiveactions.

Auditing, Reviews and ImprovementThe LMP will be audited and its performance reviewed. Improvements to the LMP will bemade as necessary to achieve desired environmental outcomes.

These activities do not necessarily occur consecutively, as many will take place simultaneouslyduring the project.

The environmental management strategy is demonstrated in the following figures:

Commitment and Environmental Policyby Alice Springs Town Council

Landfill Management Plan

Corrective and PreventativeActions

Monitoring of Implementation

Auditing of Landfill Management Plan


Implementation ofLandfill Management Plan

Improvements to LMP

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5.2 Management Structure and Responsibilities

5.2.1 Involved PartiesThe following parties will be involved in the operations of the Alice Springs landfill:

n Alice Springs Town Counciln Landfill Operatorn Environmental Consultantn Waste Management Advisory Committeen Department of Lands, Planning and Environment

5.2.2 ResponsibilitiesThe roles and responsibilities of parties involved in the Alice Springs landfill project are describedbelow:

Alice Springs Town Counciln party legally responsible for the landfill during operational stage and after-care period

(say 30 years)

n licence for landfill operation in accordance with the Waste Management and Pollution ControlAct 1998

n preparation of the LMP

n detailed design of landfill infrastructure as described in the LMP

n tendering and award of landfill operations

n contract with landfill operator

n annual report to the Department of Lands, Planning and Environment

Landfill Operatorn construction and maintenance of infrastructure as described in the LMP and in accordance

with detailed technical specifications and drawings

n operation of the landfill in accordance with the LMP

n corrective and preventative action to construction and operation activities, if necessary as aresult of monitoring activities

n improvements to construction and operation activities, if necessary as a result of auditingactivities.

Environmental Consultantn preparation of LMP

n preparation of detailed design of landfill infrastructure and operations

n monitoring of the performance of the landfill contractor with the LMP

n auditing of the LMP annually to ensure that desired outcomes are achieved

n amendments to the LMP as a result of annual audits

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AdvisoryRole

Department of Lands,Planning andEnvironment

•Annual Reportto DLPE

I

Contract Alice Springs Town

Council Environmental

Consultant

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n preparation of annual performance report for submission to the Department of Lands,Planning and Environment

Waste Management Advisory Committeen advice on landfill management measures to Alice Springs Town Council

n preparation of minutes of four landfill related meetings per year for inclusion in the annuallandfill performance report

Department of Lands, Planning and Environmentn review of annual landfill performance report

n intervention in the event of a breach to the Waste Management and Pollution Control Act,1998

The contractual and reporting arrangements are also provided in the figure below.

Waste ManagementAdvisory Committee

Annual Report ofMonitoring

and Auditing

0

1 Monitoring of Operator'sPerformance

Landfill Operator


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In the event of Alice Springs Town Council taking over the operation of the landfill in the future,Council would assume the responsibilities allocated to the Contractor.

5.3 Records of Site Management and OperationsRecord keeping and reporting will be important to ensure that environmental management measuresare successful and adhered to, and that their adherence is documented.

Recording of all incoming waste consisting of the following will be undertaken by the landfill operator:

n daily record of incoming vehicles by vehicle type, waste type and origin

n weight and/or volume of waste

Volumetric (topographic) surveys will be undertaken by Alice Springs Town Council on an annualbasis to determine the consumed landfill space.

An annual landfill performance report will be prepared for Alice Springs Town Council by theenvironmental consultant, and submitted to the Department of Lands, Planning and Environment.The report will contain the following details:

n total volume and tonnage of non-Listed Wastes landfilled each year

n remaining site life and capacity

n total amount of Listed Wastes received

n status of Listed Waste repository

n operation and maintenance expenditures

n leachate analyses, landfill gas, surface water, groundwater, noise, odour, visual amenity,revegetation, litter generation and dust monitoring results and interpretation

n volumes of leachate collected, treated and disposed

n volume of landfill gas collected and its disposition

n any changes from approved reports, plans and specifications

n amendments to the LMP

n an up-to-date contingency plan, noting any amendments made to the plan during the year

n complaints received regarding the landfill operations

n description of weed and pest eradication measures

n description of landfill rehabilitation activities

n reports by the Landfill Management Committee

n review of the closure plan and associated estimated costs


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5.4 Environmental Monitoring

5.4.1 GeneralRegular inspection and monitoring of surface water, groundwater, air quality (dust and odour), noise,litter, pests, weeds, landscaping, erosion control and landfill gas will be required. The results ofinspection and monitoring activities will be assessed against criteria set out in this LMP, and againstdetailed technical specifications and drawings where applicable.

5.4.2 Surface WaterThe stormwater management system will be inspected biannually to ensure it remains in operationalconditions. In addition, the stormwater ponds will be inspected at fortnightly intervals when holdingwater to assess the occurrence of mosquito breeding, weeds and dead wildlife.

Surface water from the stormwater ponds will be sampled at least once per year after flow events,and analysed in the field and laboratory for the analytes shown below.

Parameter PreliminaryCompliance Value

(mg/L)

Parameter PreliminaryCompliance Value

(mg/L)

Cadmium (Cd) 0.01 (1) Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) 20 (2)

Chromium (Cr) 1.0 (1) Total Organic Carbon (TOC) 40

Copper (Cu) 0.5 (1) Ammonia-Nitrogen 1.5 (1)Zinc (Zn) 0.5 (2) Nitrate and Nitrite 30/10 (1)

Lead (Pb) 0.1 (2)

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 3,000 (1)

Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) 40 (1)

pH >6.5 units (1)

Electrical Conductivity (EC) 5000 pS/cm (1) Redox Potential (Eh) + -ye reading

pH > 6.5 units (1) Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 6 (1)

Turbidity 25 NTU

Based on Australian Water Quality Guideline (ANZECC, 1992)(2) Based on SEPP – Waters of Victoria (Victorian EPA, 1988)

Appropriate sampling and sample preservation techniques will be employed in accordance withAS 5667. Laboratory analyses will be carried out by NATA registered laboratories with NATAapproved analytical methods.

Field parameter measurements will be taken at the same time as the laboratory samples. The waterlevel (depth) within the stormwater ponds will also be taken at the same time. The recording of fieldparameters will be made on a standard sheet.

A summary report of all inspections, sampling and monitoring undertaken on the site will be preparedannually by the environmental consultant. The report will include the following:

n field inspection reports

n all field and laboratory analytical data collected during the review period

n details of local meteorological information, including storm events

n any stormwater control or minimisation practices adopted during the review period

n storage water treatment practices used in the review period, if required

n details of any changes in landfill operation procedures that may have impacted on the qualityof surface water on the site


Note:

MaunsellMcIntyre

1n an assessment of the monitoring.results

n any overflow or emergency releases

n recommendations of future actions

The information collected on record sheets and in field books will be reviewed and included in theannual report. Recommendations concerning the future sampling program will also be made.

After five years of operation the range of analytes and frequency of sampling will be reviewed todetermine an appropriate reduction. Any exceedance of the compliance values will necessitate areturn to the full range of analytes and original frequency.

Once filling at the landfill has been completed, the• monitoring program will be reduced to thefollowing parameters:

Parameter

Ammonia Nitrogen

TurbidityChemical Oxygen Demand

Biological Oxygen Demand

Lead

Total Organic CarbonZinc

Nitrite and NitrateTotal Dissolved Solids

The integrity of the capping and stormwater drainage system will be inspected annually or morefrequently if compliance levels are exceeded. Any serious scouring or cracking of the cap will berepaired.

5.4.3 GroundwaterThe existing monitoring bores (MW1 to MW3) and three new bores (MW4 to MW6) will be used toinvestigate the quality of groundwater in the vicinity of the landfill (see Figure 13). Groundwatersamples will be collected biannually and analysed for the parameters below.

Parameter PreliminaryBackground Value

(mg/L)

Parameter PreliminaryBackground Value

(mg/L)Sodium Total IronTotal Phosphate CadmiumBiological Oxygen Demand ChromiumChemical Oxygen Demand CopperTotal Organic Carbon ZincPotassium LeadMagnesium MercuryCalcium See Appendix G Total Dissolved Solids See Appendix GChloride Kjeldahl NitrogenSulphate Ammonia-NitrogenBicarbonate Total Petroleum HydrocarbonsCarbonate Total ColiformsTotal Alkalinity E Coll To be determined duringSemi-volatile GC/MS Total Bacteriological Count next sampling round

Volatile GC/MSElectrical Conductivity Redox Potential See Appendix G

Preliminary background values are based on recent groundwater monitoring results. Futuregroundwater results will be used to develop final compliance values.


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Appropriate sampling and sample preservation techniques will be employed in accordance withAS 5667. Laboratory analysis will be carried out by NATA registered laboratories. Field parameterswill be taken at the same time as the laboratory samples.

A summary report of all sampling and monitoring undertaken on-site will be prepared annually by theenvironmental consultant. The report will include:

n all field and laboratory analytical data collected during the review period

n details of any changes in landfill operation procedures that may have impacted on the qualityof groundwater from the site

n any incidents which may result in releases

n an assessment of monitoring results

n recommendations for future actions

Monitoring of groundwater bores will continue during the 30 year after-care period.

5.4.4 Landfill GasTo control landfill gas on-site (ie to ensure gas is not migrating off-site and that the landfill cover iscontrolling the emission of landfill gas), the following monitoring is proposed:

n sub-surface gas migration monitoring at the boundary of the site

n gas accumulation monitoring

Sub-surface monitoring wells will be installed on and adjacent to the landfill. The locations ofmonitoring wells is shown on Figure 13. The monitoring wells will be fitted with a sample connectorwhich will allow an undiluted sample of soil gas to be extracted and the internal soil gas pressure tobe measured.

Gas monitoring in buildings is specified for all buildings within 250m of deposited waste. Monitoringwill be carried out in underfloor spaces and other confined spaces.

The field samples will be analysed for the parameters shown below.

Field AnalysisParameter Compliance Value

Methane

<1.25%Carbon DioxideOxygenAtmospheric PressureGas Pressure

Field instruments are to be used for landfill gas monitoring. The field instruments will be calibratedon-site before use, using a cylinder of calibration gas, according to the instrument maker'sspecification.


MaunseliMcIntyre

Landfill gas monitoring will be carried out biannually. A summary report of all sampling andmonitoring undertaken on-site will be prepared annually by the environmental consultant. The reportwill include:

n all field analytical data collected during the review period

n details of local meteorological information, including low pressure events

n details of any changes in landfill operation procedures that may have impacted on migrationof landfill gas off the site

n any incidents which may result in releases, eg failure of the gas extraction system

n an assessment of the monitoring results


Monitoring of the landfill gas extraction system and monitoring bores will continue following closure ofthe site. The monitoring analyses will be for the same parameters as during the operational phase.Monitoring will be carried out biannually for 30 years after the site closes.

5.4.5 NoiseNoise emitted by the landfill will be monitored monthly during the operational phase of the landfill.Monitoring locations will be as shown on Figure 13. Monitoring will be undertaken in accordance withAS 1055 by a person whose competency is acceptable to the environmental consultant.

Monitoring will be carried out at four locations R1 to R4. Measured noise levels will have to complywith allowable levels as presented below.

Location Allowable Levels

R1

See Waste Management and Pollution Control (Environmental Noise) Regulations,R2

Northern Territory GovernmentR3R4

A summary report of all monitoring undertaken on site will be prepared annually be the environmentalconsultant. The report will include:

n field monitoring data collected during the monitoring period

n details of any exceedances of allowable noise levels (if any)



5.4.6 DustDust monitoring at the site boundary will be conducted using a high volume sampler or equivalentequipment at locations as shown on Figure 13. Dust monitoring will be undertaken in accordancewith AS 3580 by a person whose competency is acceptable to the environmental consultant. Theequipment will be operated on-site continuously. Airborne dust levels will be monitored for PM10.


MaunsellMcIntyre

Dust level criteria are provided below.

Pollutant Criteria Average Time Comment

PM10 50 ug/m324 hour Not exceeded for more than5 days per year

The results of dust monitoring activities will be assessed using data from the Bureau of Meteorologyon wind directions, wind speed, temperature and precipitation. This will ensure that natural dustgeneration and off-site dust generation are not attributed to the landfill operation.

A summary report of all monitoring undertaken on site will be prepared annually by the environmentalconsultant. The report will include:


n details of any exceedences of allowable dust levels (if any)



The need for dust monitoring during the after case period will be assessed once the landfill hasceased operations.

5.4.7 OdourOdour monitoring will be undertaken by a person whose competency is acceptable to theenvironmental consultant.

Monitoring of odours during the operational phase of the landfill will be conducted as follows:

n recording of noticeable odours (if any) at locations as shown on Figure 13

n monitoring of odours at random intervals averaging 12 monitoring events per year

n monitoring of odours at 0600 hours, 1200 hours and 1800 hours on days of monitoring

A summary report of all monitoring undertaken on site will be prepared annually by the environmentalconsultant. The report will include:


n details of any noticeable odours


n recommendations of future actions

The need for odour monitoring during the after-care period will be assessed once the landfill hasceased operations.


MaunsellMcIntyre

5.4.8 LitterMonitoring for litter will be conducted at random intervals averaging twelve monitoring events peryear, by visual inspection of the site, the boundary fence, adjacent properties and Commonage RoadLitter monitoring will be conducted by a person whose competency is acceptable to theenvironmental consultant. Litter monitoring will only be conducted during the operational phase ofthe landfill.

A summary report of all monitoring undertaken on-site will be prepared annually by the environmentalconsultant. The report will include:

field monitoring data collected during the monitoring period

details of any noticeable litter

an assessment of the monitoring results

recommendations on future actions

The need for litter monitoring during the after-care period will be assessed once the landfill hasceased operations.

5.4.9 Weed and Pest Control, Landscaping, Erosion ControlMonitoring of the success of pest and weed, landscaping, and erosion control programs will beconducted biannually and/or three weeks after rain events exceeding 20mm over 24 hours during theoperational phase of the landfill area. Monitoring will be undertaken by a person whose competencyis acceptable to the environmental consultant.

A summary report of all monitoring activities undertaken on-site will be prepared annually by theindependent environmental consultant. The report will include:



n weed eradication measures recommended to the landfill Contractor

n recommendations on future actions

The need for monitoring during the after-care period will be assessed once the landfill has ceasedoperations.

5.4.10 Review of Monitoring ResultsMonitoring results will be assessed by the environmental consultant against the performance criteriaprovided in the LMP. This will include an assessment of trends to detect potential futureexceedances. The causes of exceedences will be determined. This will be followed by:

n corrective and preventative measured by the landfill contractor (if the exceedence is a resultof an unsatisfactory performance by the contractor)

n adjustments to the LMP and/or detailed technical specifications (if the exceedance is causedby insufficient or outdated provisions in the LMP or the detailed technical specifications).

These measures will result in ongoing improvements to landfill management practices to avoid futureexceedances.


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MaunsellMcIntyre

5.5 Review of LMP ProvisionsTo ensure that the LMP reflects current legislation and approaches to environmental management, itwill be reviewed annually by the environmental consultant. Any changes considered necessary willbe included in the LMP. This may include amendments necessary as a result of monitoring activities(see Section 5.4.10).

5.6 Rehabilitation FundAlice Springs Town Council will create a trust fund for the rehabilitation of unforeseeable events atthe landfill site during the 30 years after-care period. These events would include:

n groundwater contamination requiring remediation

n maintenance of landfill infrastructure and the landfill cap

n maintenance of landscaping measures

n other measures necessary to avoid environmental harm

At the end of each year, Alice Springs Town Council will contribute to the fund $1.00 per tonne forevery tonne of waste received at the landfill during the year. The amount of monies in the trust fundwill be reviewed annually, recognising that closure of the landfill will be carried out in stages and theamount of monies needed will be reduced towards the end of the after-care period. Monies nolonger needed in the trust fund will be returned to Alice Springs Town Council, and be used forenvironmental initiatives only.

5.7 InsuranceAlice Springs Town Council will ensure that Public Liability Insurance with a maximum cover of$10,000,000 to cover the site and landfill operations will exist.


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ALICE SPRINGS WASTE MANAGEMENT CENTREHours of Operation

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Emergency Contact Number: xxxx xxx xxx

Wastes Received are:• Recyclable waste• Solid waste• Non hazardous waste• Domestic, commercial, industrial and

building wastes• Listed wastes

Wastes NOT Received are:• Hazardous waste• Bulk liquids and semi solid sludges• Explosives

Alice Springs Town CouncilTodd MallAlice Springs, NT 0871

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METEOROLOGICAL DATA

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Highest Temperature (°C) 45.2 44.7 42.2 37.9 35.0 31.6 31.6 34.0 37.7 41.7 42.9 44.2 45.2 57Lowest Maximum Temperature MI 16.2 16.7 15.3 11.8 10.5 7.7 7.6 7.0 117 11.7 12.8 17.1 7.0 57

Mean Number of days over 30°C 28.6 24.9 23.9 10.3 1.5 0.1 0.1 2.0 9.5 18.0 23.3 27.9 170.1 57Mean Number of days over 35°C 20.9 15.9 9.2 1.2 nil nil nil nil 0.9 7.3 12.9 18.4 86.9 57Mean Daily Minimum Temp (°C) 21.3 20.7 17.4 12.6 8.4 5.3 4.1 6.1 10.1 14.8 17.9 20.2 13.2 57

Lowest Temperature (°C) 10.0 8.5 6.1 1.7 -2.7 -5.2 -7.5 -4.1 -1.0 1.3 3.5 9.7 -7.5 57Highest Minimum Temperature (°C) 32.8 31.6 29.4 25.9 21.4 21.0 20.4 22.1 26.0 30.0 31.3 30.9 32.8 57Mean Number of Days below 22°C nil nil nil nil 2.2 8.5 12.3 7.0 0.9 nil nl nil 30.9 57

Mean Number of Days below 0°C nil rill nil nil 0.5 3.7 5.9 1.9 0.1 nil nil nil 12.1 57

Mean Daily Terrestrial Minimum (°C) 17.6 17.1 13.8 9.4 5.0 1.9 0.3 2.1 5.9 10.8 14.0 16.3 9.5 47Lowest Daily Terrestrial Minimum (°C) 02 2.1 1.4 -2.9 -7.2 -10.8 -12.4 -10.1 -7.2 -5.7 -0.3 4.0 -12.4 48

Number of Days Terrestrial below -0.9°C nil nil nil 0.3 3.8 10.1 14.9 10.6 3.1 0.2 nil nil 42.9 48

Mean 9am Temperature (°C) 282 26.7 23.8 18.9 13.6 10.0 92 12.5 17.7 22.6 25.8 27.7 19.7 57Mean 3pm Temperature (°C) 34.8 33.6 31.5 27.1 22.1 19.1 18.7 21.5 25.8 29.6 32.2 34.0 27.5 57

Mean 9am Relative Humidity (%) 33 38 38 44 58 64 59 46 33 30 28 29 41.6 52Mean 3pm Relative Humidity (%) 20 23 22 25 31 34 30 24 19 18 18 19 23.5 51

Mean 9am Cloud Cover (oktas) 2.7 2.7 2.2 2.4 3.0 2.6 2.0 1.7 1.6 2.2 2.6 2.8 2.4 57Mean 3pm Cloud Cover (oktas) 3.5 3.6 2.8 2.7 3.1 2.5 1.9 1.6 11 2.5 32 3.5 2.7 57

Maximum Wind Gust (Irmfh) 121 122 104 78 121 95 91 96 100 104 174 131 174 46Mean Daily Wind Run (km) 215 274 208 177 158 147 158 159 193 218 222 233 197 10

Mean Number of Days of Strong Wind 1.5 1.2 0.6 0.3 02 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.1 1.9 2,6 1.9 12.6 57Mean Number of Days of Gales 0.1 0.1 nil nil nil nil nil 0.1 0.1 0.1 02 0.3 1.0 57

Mean Deily Pan Evaporation (mm) 12.8 11.6 10.1 7.2 4.7 3.6 3.9 5.5 7.7 10.1 11.6 12.4 8.4 32

Mean Daily Sunshine (hours) 10.2 9.9 9.8 9.4 8.3 8.3 9.0 9.7 10.0 10.1 10.2 102 9.6 45

Mean Number of Days with Hail nil nil nil nil nil nil nil n1 nil 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 57Mean Number of Days with Snow nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil 57Mean Number of Days with Frost nil nil nil 0.2 3.8 10.2 14.8 9.9 2.5 0.2 nil nil 41.6 57

Mean Number of Days with Fog nil nil 0.1 nil 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 nil 1.5 57Mean Number of Days with Thunder 2.8 1.9 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 2.8 4.1 4.1 19.7 57

Mean Number of Clear Days 12.8 11.7 16.4 16.1 14.9 16.1 20.6 22.3 20.9 17.5 13.3 12.8 195.3 57Mean Number of Cloudy Days 5.8 5.8 4.2 4.5 6.6 4.9 3.6 2.8 2.5 3.6 4.6 5.5 54.5 57

Mean Monthly Rainfall (mm) 35.8 41.3 33.0 14.4 20.4 14.6 14.7 10.6 9.2 21.6 25.0 36.0 276.5 57Highest Monthly Rainfall (mm) 2412 210.5 3663 98.2 103.6 1012 144.0 114.1 60.8 73.1 110.4 228.9 57Lowest Monthly Rainfall (mm 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57

Mean number of Rain day 4.7 4.6 3.0 2.1 3.3 2.7 2.7 2.1 2.4 4.7 5.5 5.6 43.3 57Highest number of Rain days 19 13 14 9 11 10 10 8 11 14 12 13 57Lowest number of Rain days 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 57

Copyright 0 Commonwealth of Australia 1999Prepared by Climate and Consultancy Section in the Northern TemtoryRep'onal Office of the Bureau of MeteorologyContact us by phone on (08) 89203819, by fax on (08) 89203832, or by email on c;ftmate.ntebom.gov.auWe have taken all due care but cannot provide any warranty nor accept any liability for this kdonnation.

Data prepared by Bureau of Meterology 1999.

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LANDSCAPING PLAN

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06 Sr 1099

(PM)f /

REGISTER No:

FILE No:

ALICE SPRINGS LANDFILL L.E.M.P.

CONCEPT PROPOSAL REVEGETAT1ON

ePrepared By

FRANEK SAVARTON & ASSOCIATES1195 Burma Road, Yundi, via Willunga, 5172Tel: (08) 8556 0260 Fax: (08) 8556 0260

September 1999

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Purpose of Report and Format 1

1.2 Assumptions 2

1.3 Council Liaison 2

SECTION 1 — BACKGROUND INFORMATION 3

1.1 Existing Reports 3

1.2 Other Documents 4

SECTION 2 — KEY ISSUES 6

2.1 Regional Context and Visual Impacts 6

2.2 Water Management and Soil Erosion Control 6

2.3 Windblown Rubbish (Litter Control) 6

2.4 Access and Fencing 7

2.5 Climatic Conditions and Revegetation 7

2.6 Reticulation System 7

SECTION 3 — CONCEPT PROPOSALS REVEGETATION 8

3.1 Regional Context and Visual Impacts 8

3.2 Water Management and Soil Erosion Control 8

3.3 Windblown Rubbish (Litter Control) 9

3.4 Access and Fencing 9

3.5 Climatic Conditions and Revegetation 10

3.6 Reticulation System 10

SECTION 4 — PLANTING IMPLEMENTATION & SPECIES SELECTION 11

4.1 Staging of Work 11

4.2 Weed Control 11

4.3 Seed and Plant Source 11

4.4 Community Involvement 12

SECTION 5 — RECOMMENDATIONS 13

ALICE SPRINGS LANDFILL L.E.M.P.CONCEPT PROPOSAL REVEGETATION

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Purpose of Report and Format

This report outlines the Concept Proposal for the revegetation of theAlice Springs Landfill located at the southern entry of the town, adjacentto Blatherscite Park and Effluent Ponds along Commonage Road, in theIlparpa Valley, Northern Territory. (See figure 3 – Land Tenure October1997 – Source "Ilparpa Commonage Issues and Actions" Report Draftprepared by the Arid Lands Environment Centre Inc).

The Revegetation Concept Proposal should be correlated withearthworks and the final site contours prepared by Maunsell McIntyre PtyLtd.

This report is divided into five sections:

Section 1 – Background information

Previous existing background reports covering audit and complianceinformation, operational guidelines and environmental issues relevant tothe local and regional area.

Section 2 – Key Issues

Identifies the major key issues to be considered, these include regionaland local visual impacts, water management and soil erosion problems,windblown rubbish problems, access issues, climatic conditions andreticulation problems.

Section 3 – Concept Proposals-Revegetation

Outlines the concept proposals, these cover visual management, landfillfunction and staging, stormwater management, site safety and security,

Page 1


climatic and elevation, recurrent maintenance, community expectationsand regional context.

Section 4 – Planting Implementation-Species Selection

Outlines the structure planting selections proposed and measures toestablish and implement the revegetation works.

Section 5– Recommendations

Identifies the major recommendations to integrate the revegetation workswith the other components of the Landfill Management Plan.

1.2 Assumptions

It is assumed:

> That site Environment Protection Objectives (EPO) standards andperformance benchmarks will be met.

> That soil capping cover material will not be the final planting bed. -> That additional soil material of suitable depth and quality to support

indigenous vegetation will be available.> That reticulation water supply of suitable quality will be available for a

period of at least 2 years during establishment period.â That protective external and internal fencing will be installed prior to

planting works commencing.â That the long term use of the site will be *natural landscape" open

space with no specific recreational use.

1.3 Council Liaison

Liaison with Alice Springs Council Environment, Health and Parks andGardens Officers has provided the general focus for assessing the KeyIssues and formulating the Concept Proposals.

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Page 2

Uti/MU VU lj:US

IDrucs boot 41G4

ALICE SPRINGS LANDFILL L.E.M.P.CONCEPT PROPOSAL REVEGETA770N

SECTION 1 — BACKGROUND INFORMATION

1.1 Existing Reports – Available Information

Two key documents specifically related to the Alice Springs Landfill operationprovide evaluation and audit information covering the environmental status ofthe current operation and provide descriptive data on site character andmanagement guidelines, as well as compliance information:

> Initial Evaluation and Audit Alice Springs Landfill – 31 March 1998 (Ref 98-0808.r.02.a) prepared by BC Tonkin & Associates

â This document incorporates Appendix C Guidelines for the Siting, Designand Management of Solid Disposal Sites in the Northern Territory, -December 1995.

> Compliance Plan Alice Springs Landfill 31 March 1998 (Ref 98.0808.r.01.a)prepared by BC Tonkin & Associates.

These documents clearly illustrate the need to integrate the revegetation withother site management requirements such as water management, soil erosioncontrol, fire protection, pest and vector control, litter control, site rehabilitationand community awareness/involvement, as well as onsite access andrecycling of green waste for mulch.

Comment in the Compliance Plan HRM 3.3 on the landfill final cover indicatesthe possible need for additional soil cover to comply with current legislation.This also has relevance for the potential soil depth to accommodate

X revegation, particularly where trees or large shrubs are proposed.

Other landfill operational deviations cited from the guidelines (table 3.1) thatwill affect and influence revegation proposals include: problems in winningcover materials; the proximity to adjacent residential land use in the north eastcorner; the non-compliance of some internal tracks and the 100 metre publicroad buffer requirement along Commonage Road; the inefficient use of landfillvolume; erosion and depth of cover soil material; the extent of fencing; the lack

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Page 3

1 11

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of vegetation screening plantations; bushfire requirements that are not inplace, poor litter control and existing scavenging activities that persist evenwhere fences are installed.

Potential environmental issues worth noting include the need to seriouslyaddress the existing surface water drainage and potential future performanceof the landfill cap due to erosion.

"Failure of the existing caps through erosion was noted, and understood to bedue to a very severe event. Planned revegetation measures need to beimplemented together with repair of the damaged cap" (4.2)

The broader site hydrology and drainage particularly from the north westerncorner needs to be appropriately designed to cater for such events.

1.2 Other Documents

"llpara Commonage Issues and Actions" Arid Lands Environment Centre

incorporated (draft) provides information relevant to the regional landscapecontext of the Alice Springs dump site in relation to adjacent land uses,zoning, natural and cultural resources, resource conservation andcommunity use. Of particular importance are the followingrecommendations:• Prevent further modification of natural drainage patterns within the

claypans catchment.• Use local indigenous species and provenances in any landscaping

revegetation works on the Commonage.▪ Encourage owners of adjoining properties to retain and re-establish

local native vegetation.Ameliorate undesirable visual intrusions. This is particularly related tothe negative intrusions of Alice Springs dump.

▪ uln particular, the tip and the surrounding wind blown garbage,significantly detracts from the visual landscape" 3.4 Landscape page

I 14.Prevent the dispersal of potential pest plants and eradicate Atriplexpummularia.

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Page 4

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9 Annual Report 1997-1998 Alice Springs Town Council. This report reviewswaste management activities with particular comment on Council's littercontrol between the Alice Springs Town Dump and the Little Sisters Camp."The Punu Ngaratjunantja Committee worked with the community tofacilitate the Clean Up Day and has continued the project to rehabilitate thedegraded landscape between Little Sisters Camp and the Dump. Healthhas been improved through reduced dust and litter

Page 5

06(09 '99 13:06 %208 8562 2122 Lei uips


SECTION 2 - KEY ISSUES

An onsite investigation was conducted on 12 and 14 August 1999 in liaison withCouncil's Environment and Health Officers. A number of key issues that will affectand influence revegetation have been identified.

2.1 Regional Context and Visual Impacts

The dump is located in a high profile landscape area at the base of theMacDonnell Range and adjacent to the Alice Springs "gateway", The Gap.The site can be viewed from distant locations and currently negatively affectsthe broader visual amenity, other regional environmental issues have beenidentified as surface water flows, and the area's weed problems. Thelandform of the existing landfill does not integrate with the broader landscapecharacter.

2.2 Water Management and Soil Erosion Control

The existing earthwork batters are excessively eroded of capping materials.The batter grades along the south west Commonage Road edge areexcessive and will require special measures to establish plantings, or a"slackening" of grade. Stormwater sheet flow from the upper landfill areasdebouches over and down existing batters causing fill erosion problems. Theexisting landfill soil depth is reported to be variable and in. some instancesshallower than required. The capping depth of soil cover will not be suitablefor the establishment of vegetation, especially trees and larger shrub species,additional fill will be required.

2.3 Windblown Rubbish (Litter Control)

Substantial windblown rubbish detracts from the local area amenity. Thebroad non-vegetated open site, coupled with local winds and a lack ofintercept fences has created litter problems beyond the site boundaries.

Page 6

1

31

it

11

06/.09 '99 13:07 'CHUB 8562 2122 igjUUV

ALICE SPRINGS LANDFILL L.E.M.P.CONCEPT PROPOSAL REVEGETAT1ON

2.4 Access and Fencing

Existing fences do not provide full control of inappropriate access toscavenging activities. Access to future planting areas by contractors orvolunteers may prove a safety issue if common with general dumpingactivities. Future protection of planting areas will also be difficult if internalfencing is not provided

2.5 Climatic Conditions and Revegetation

The site is highly exposed to high evaporation rates, and the impact ofdessicating winds. Measures will be required to ameliorate these aridconditions to establish vegetation.

2.6 Reticulation System

The existing reticulation system drippers and pipework are not suitable forreuse, the main supply valves' are retrievable according to Council's ParkManager.

Page 7

06/09 '99 13:08 '8`O8 8562 2122 41010

ALICE SPRINGS LANDFILL L.E.M.P.CONCEPT PROPOSAL REVEGETAT1ON

SECTION 3 — CONCEPT PROPOSALS REVEGETATION

3.1 Regional Context and Visual impacts

The revegetation concept should recognise the sites regional environmentalsetting and relationship with the Ilparpa Valley landscape as welt as the visualprofile adjacent to the Alice Springs "gateway, particularly from the eastern

and southern vistas. Therefore, it is proposed that the landscape treatmentsreflect the adjacent indigenous vegetation and where practicable the broaderlandform.

Screen plantings should not be designed as linear avenues of single speciestype, but rather as indigenous mixed species that are integrated with theadjacent landforms and fences. Utilise combination planting "of indigenous

species" to:

> Provide vertical stratification of habitat for native wildlife.

> Achieve a more "natural" landscape character than that provided bytraditional individual specimen plantings.

> Promote self sustainable landscape outcomes and a reducible recurrent

maintenance need.

> Replace exotic grasses and weeds.> improve the visual amenity of the regional landscape and improve

community attitudes of the landfill management

> Satisfy the community's environmental expectations.

3.2 Water Management and Soil Erosion Control

Stormwater management will be critical to the success of planting to the

control of erosion and to the function of the landfill capping material. The

grade of batters and interception of stormwater sheet flow will be important,

particularly in the control of the volume and velocity of drainage from the

currently exposed compacted capping surfaces.

It is proposed that batters should be constructed to a maximum grade of 1

metre rise to 3 metre run, or 33% where practicable. The existing batter along

Page 8

06/09 '99 13:09 %208 8562 2122 0 011

I,


Commonage Road should be reformed if possible to remodel the landformand to reduce the rill erosion presently impacting upon the batter surface.Where grades are greater than 1:3 other measures to alleviate the potentialfor erosion should be used. These measures may include jute matting, mulchand contour furrows. Interception of sheet stormwater flows debouching downedge batters can be achieved by the use of stone lined drainage swales.Higher than normal planting densities will assist in the control of stormwaterflows and the potential for soil erosion, this should be coupled with the use ofmulch on the adjacent plant beds. Where trees and larger shrubs are to beused, a topsoil depth of 500mm to 100mm+ will be required, above the cappedtopsoil surface. Other planted areas will require a topsoil depth of 300mm to500mm. The disposition of topsoil should be constructed to reduce broadopen flat surfaces and to create landforms of a "natural look". Variable depthsof topsoil can be achieved by mounding to support the larger trees 'andshrubs. This will also allow for water harvesting and other plant establishment(see 2.5) benefits.

3.3 Windblown Rubbish (Utter Control)

Vegetation can substantially assist in the control of site litter due to itsamelioration of local winds. Other landfill operations improvements will alsoreduce existing levels of litter problems beyond the site boundary. Internalmeshed fences should be used to intercept litter and to assist in the

establishment of new plantings.

3.4 Access and Fencing

Where existing fences do not stop inappropriate access, the use of "antipersonnel" plantings along fences will discourage. These plants are dense,

prickly and difficult to push through. Fences should be located along sitecontours and periodically "screened" between plantings and mounding. Thiswill reduce the potential for fences becoming negative visual linear elements in

the landscape.Internal fences should be used to protect planting areas from dump activities,to define vehicle access and provide safe access for contractors andvolunteers involved in planting programs, Fencing can define staged planting

works.

Page 9

06/09 '99 13:10 V08 8562 2122 go12


3.5 Climatic Conditions and Revegetation

Special measures will be required to establish plantings due to the aridclimatic conditions. These measures will be substantially assisted if theprevious discussed mounds, fencing and water harvesting proposals are used.All planting beds should be mulched with an approved organic based material,free from debris and weed seeds. A minimum depth of 100mm should beused. This will reduce the high rate of evaporation. Mounds and fencingshould be oriented to ameliorate the dessicating hot, dry winds from the northwest, and the general wind impacts from the west and south west. Someconsideration of ;winds along the northern dump edge and the MacDonnellRanges footslopes may be necessary. These gullied or venturi winds couldprove extremely uncomfortable to the residential areas (Little Sisters) to theeast of the dump. The use of reticulation for plant establishment will benecessary. Additionally where planting seed and tube stock is not availableimmediately, the use of a cereal rye cover crop should be used to provideshort term cover and stabilisation. Final plantings can be completed laterusing indigenous local provenance species.

3.6 Reticulation System

As noted previously, the existing supply of reticulated treated water isavailable to establish plantings. The previously abandoned drippers andpipework are not suitable for reuse. These should be replaced and the mainsupply valves reconnected and extended to reticulate other planting areas.Overwatering of trees and shrubs should be avoided as this will promoteshallow rooting and poor plant form.

Page 10

06109 '99 13:11 1:208 8562 2122


SECTION 4 — PLANTING IMPLEMENTATION AND SPECIESSELECTION

4.1 Staging of Work

As noted in 3.1 "combination planting" of indigenous species is proposed.Initial plantings wilt not encompass an overly diverse range of species ascompared with a "natural" level of diversity.It is anticipated that the dominant structure trees and shrubs will be plantedfirst and an ongoing program of plantings can increase the diversity over time.As noted in 3.5 the use of cover crops of cereal rye may be necessary.As noted previously (3.4) fencing can be used to protect staged works fromlandfill activity and climatic impacts.

4.2 Weed Control

Weed intrusion can be controlled by ensuring other site activities do notcontaminate the new planting areas. Mulch use and soil use should not

provide a source of weed species seeds.The proposals for a high density of planting to ameliorate the erosive effects ofstormwater will also provide a strong protection against weed speciesestablishment.Areas external to the landfill boundary fences should also be considered in theweed management proposed for the revegetation program.

4.3 Seed and Plant Source

Planting should be sourced from indigenous seed sources, special permissionmay be required to access such on adjacent lands.An advance planting program that involves seed collection, plant rescue(ahead of dump activity direction) and propagation is proposed to ensureavailability is correlated with seasonal staging of planting and dump activities.Other than directly local (provenance) seed sources, plants should bepropagated from the region of the liparpa Valley and of similar plantassociation. Planting species combinations and relevant plant associationshould be in accord with the "Vegetation Map of the Alice Springs Municipality"

Page 11

06/09 '99 13:12 V08 8562 2122

0014


prepared by the Alice Springs Herbarium, liaise with Senior Botanist DavidAlbrecht.

4.4 Community Involvement

Considerable community awareness and interest exists in the futuremanagement and rehabilitation of the Alice Springs Dump.As noted in the Existing Reports Available Information (1.1) environmentalgroups and local school groups and community members from the LittleSisters Camp have already been involved in revegetation and clean upactivities adjacent to the dump.The opportunity exists to involve community groups and individuals in plantingprograms, monitoring activities and ongoing reinforcement and maintenanceof plantings.

Page 12

06/09 '99 13:13 V08 8562 2122 QUID


SECTION 5 - RECOMMENDATIONS

The following recommendations reflect the major outcomes of concept proposals:

> Recommendation 1:Place the highest priority on using local provenance indigenous seed sources.

> Recommendation 2:Utilise "Combination Planting" for conservation outcomes.

> Recommendation 3:Integrate plantings with the adjacent regional landscape and Iandforms.

> Recommendation 4:Promote community involvement in the planting programs both onsite and adjacentto the site.

> Recommendation 5:Utilise high density planting to provide stormwater erosion control and competitionagainst weed intrusion.

> Recommendation 6:Utilise mounding and planting combined to ameliorate climatic conditions and toharvest stormwater.

> Recommendation 7:Utilise mounding and planting to integrate fencing into the landscape.

> Recommendation 8:Utilise internal fences to define and protect new planting areas.

> Recommendation 9:

Utilise internal fences to intercept windblown litter.

> Recommendation 10:Utilise an organic based mulch to reduce high evaporation rates.

Page 13

06,09 '99 13:14 %208 8562 2122

1


> Recommendation 11:

Reconnect and extend use of reticulated treated water supply to establish newplantings.

> Recommendation 12:implement a long term weed management program onsite and external to the landfillsite.

> Recommendation 13:Implement an advance planting program using locally sourced seed.

> Recommendation 14:Integrate stormwater drainage swales with natural contours and watercourses.

> Recommendation 15:Integrate landfill earthworks with the regional landscape landforms.

Page 14

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Existing Surface - Flat Top Area (No preferential flow paths)

• • • •---•

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30 35 40 45 50

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02/02/2000

NM INN IM MIN MN MI I= MIN MI NMI MI MI •


Alice Springs Landfill Maunsell McIntyre Pty Ltd

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450

400

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200

150

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0

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30 35 40 45 50

j: \34199 \303tpd.xls

Pref-Existing-Flat Top Area Chart 1

02/02/2000

MN MI NM NM IM • NM NM — — — • MN NM INN




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No Pref-New-15m-lm Chart 1

02/02/2000

OM MI ION MO M= MI NM In NM MI MN MN MN an MI •



Maunseil McIntyre Pty Ltd

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Pref-New-15m-1 m Chart 1

02/02/2000

IINI INI • MN MN INN MI NM IIIM • MN MI NM MI INN NM • MN NM MN

Alice Spings Town Council


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No Pref-New-10m-1m Chart 1

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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

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30

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ME MI NM NM 111. =I MN NM MN • NM MI NM MN MI MI IMOAlice Springs Town Council


j:\34199\303tpd.xls

Pref-New-10m-1m Chart 1 02/02/2000

******************************************************* * **********************

******* ** ****** * ************ * *** * ****************** ********* *********** * ******

HYDROLOGIC EVALUATION OF LANDFILL PERFORMANCEHELP MODEL VERSION 3.07 (1 NOVEMBER 1997)

DEVELOPED BY ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORYUSAE WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION

FOR USEPA RISK REDUCTION ENGINEERING LABORATORY

************************************************************************************************************************************************************

PRECIPITATION DATA FILE:TEMPERATURE DATA FILE:SOLAR RADIATION DATA FILE:EVAPOTRANSPIRATION DATA:SOIL AND DESIGN DATA FILE:OUTPUT DATA FILE:

C:\PROGRAMC:\PROGRAMC:\PROGRAMC:\PROGRAMC:\PROGRAMC:\PROGRAM

FILES\VISUALFILES\VISUALFILES\VISUALFILES\VISUALFILES\VISUALFILES\VISUAL

HELP\P915.VHP\_weatherl.datHELP\P915.VHP\_weather2.datHELP\P915.VHP\_weather3.datHELP\P915.VHP\_weather4.datHELP\P915.VHP\0_93031.5HELP\P915.VHP\O 93031.out

1

TIME: 10:40 DATE: 8/19/1999

******************************************************************************

TITLE: Existing Surface - Flat Top Area (No preferential flow paths)

******* ** *************** ** ********** ** **** ** ******* ** ******* * **** * ************

NOTE: INITIAL MOISTURE CONTENT OF THE LAYERS AND SNOW WATERWERE SPECIFIED BY THE USER.

LAYER 1

TYPE 1 - VERTICAL PERCOLATION LAYERMATERIAL TEXTURE NUMBER 9

THICKNESS 50.00 CMPOROSITY 0.5010 VOL/VOLFIELD CAPACITY 0.2840 VOL/VOLWILTING POINT 0.1350 VOL/VOLINITIAL SOIL WATER CONTENT = 0.2000 VOL/VOLEFFECTIVE SAT. HYD. COND. = 0.190000006114E-03 CM/SEC

NOTE: SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY IS MULTIPLIED BY 1.80FOR ROOT CHANNELS IN TOP HALF OF EVAPORATIVE ZONE.

LAYER 2




= 300.00 CM0.6710 VOL/VOL0.2920 VOL/VOL0.0770 VOL/VOL0.2000 VOL/VOL

0.100000004750E-02 CM/SEC

THICKNESSPOROSITYFIELD CAPACITYWILTING POINTINITIAL SOIL WATER CONTENT =EFFECTIVE SAT. HYD. COND. =

LAYER 6

LAYER 3


THICKNESS = 300.00 CMPOROSITY 0.6710 VOL/VOLFIELD CAPACITY 0.2920 VOL/VOLWILTING POINT 0.0770 VOL/VOLINITIAL SOIL WATER CONTENT = 0.2000 VOL/VOLEFFECTIVE SAT. HYD. COND. = 0.100000004750E-02 CM/SEC

LAYER 4


THICKNESS 15.00 CMPOROSITY 0.5010 VOL/VOLFIELD CAPACITY

0.2840 VOL/VOLWILTING POINT

0.1350 VOL/VOLINITIAL SOIL WATER CONTENT =

0.2000 VOL/VOLEFFECTIVE SAT. HYD. COND. = 0.190000006114E-03 CM/SEC

LAYER 5


THICKNESSPOROSITYFIELD CAPACITYWILTING POINTINITIAL SOIL WATER CONTENT =

15.00 CM0.5010 VOL/VOL0.2840 VOL/VOL0.1350 VOL/VOL0.2000 VOL/VOL

EFFECTIVE SAT. HYD. COND. = 0.190000006114E-03 CM/SEC

LAYER 7


THICKNESS = 300.00 CMPOROSITY 0.6710 VOL/VOLFIELD CAPACITY 0.2920 VOL/VOL

,WILTING POINT 0.0770 VOL/VOLINITIAL SOIL WATER CONTENT = 0.2000 VOL/VOLEFFECTIVE SAT. HYD. COND. = 0.100000004750E-02 CM/SEC

GENERAL DESIGN AND EVAPORATIVE ZONE DATA

GROUND CONDITIONS, A SURFACE SLOPE OF 0.% ANDA SLOPE LENGTH OF O. METERS.

SCS RUNOFF CURVE NUMBER 0.00FRACTION OF AREA ALLOWING RUNOFF = 0.0 PERCENTAREA PROJECTED ON HORIZONTAL PLANE = 2.0000 HECTARESEVAPORATIVE ZONE DEPTH 43.0 CMINITIAL WATER IN EVAPORATIVE ZONE = 8.600 CMUPPER LIMIT OF EVAPORATIVE STORAGE = 21.543 CMLOWER LIMIT OF EVAPORATIVE STORAGE = 5.805 CMINITIAL SNOW WATER 0.000 CMINITIAL WATER IN LAYER MATERIALS 199.000 CMTOTAL INITIAL WATER 199.000 CMTOTAL SUBSURFACE INFLOW 0.00 MM/YR

EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND WEATHER DATA

.NOTE: EVAPOTRANSPIRATION DATA WAS OBTAINED FROMAlice Springs AUS

STATION LATITUDE = -23.75MAXIMUM LEAF AREA INDEX = 1.00START OF GROWING SEASON (JULIAN DATE) = 81

DEGREES

END OF GROWING SEASON (JULIAN DATE) = 314EVAPORATIVE ZONE DEPTH.. = 43.0 CMAVERAGE ANNUAL WIND SPEED = 6.40 KPHAVERAGE 1ST QUARTER RELATIVE HUMIDITY = 28.00 %

AVERAGE 2ND QUARTER RELATIVE HUMIDITY = 40.00 %

AVERAGE 3RD QUARTER RELATIVE HUMIDITY = 32.00 %

AVERAGE 4TH QUARTER RELATIVE HUMIDITY = 24.00 %

NOTE: SCS RUNOFF CURVE NUMBER WAS COMPUTED FROM DEFAULTSOIL TEXTURE # 9 WITH BARESOIL DATA BASE USING

NOTE: PRECIPITATION DATA WAS SYNTHETICALLY GENERATED USINGCOEFFICIENTS FOR Alice Springs AUS

NORMAL MEAN MONTHLY PRECIPITATION (MM)

JAN/JUL FEB/AUG MAR/SEP APR/OCT MAY/NOV JUN/DEC

33.0 23.6 52.1 13.8 20.8 18.212.7 5.7 7.1 18.9 24.8 31.7

NOTE: TEMPERATURE DATA WAS SYNTHETICALLY GENERATED USINGCOEFFICIENTS FOR Alice Springs AUS

NORMAL MEAN MONTHLY TEMPERATURE (DEGREES CELSIUS)


29.7 28.9 25.9 20.8 16.5 13.112.1 15.3 19.3 23.6 26.7 28.5

NOTE: SOLAR RADIATION DATA WAS SYNTHETICALLY GENERATED USINGI COEFFICIENTS FOR Alice Springs AUS

AND STATION LATITUDE = -23.75 DEGREES

1!

I

HELP\P549HELP\P549HELP\P549HELP\P549.HELP\P549.HELP\P549.

.VHP\_weatherl.dat

.VHP\_weather2.dat

.VHP\_weather3.datVHP\_weather4.datVHP\0_92110.5VHP\O 92110.out

**** ** **** ******* *** ****** ** ** ** * ** * * ** ****** ** **************** ** ****** *** ****

**** * ************* * ****** * ******* * ******************************* * **** ** ******** **

* * *** * HYDROLOGIC EVALUATION OF LANDFILL PERFORMANCE

*** * HELP MODEL VERSION 3.07 (1 NOVEMBER 1997)

*** * DEVELOPED BY ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY

*** * USAE WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION

*** * FOR USEPA RISK REDUCTION ENGINEERING LABORATORY

**** **** **************************************************************************************************************************************************************




TIME: 10:51 DATE:

8/19/1999

********************** ************************ ************** ******************

TITLE: Existing Surface - Flat Top Area (Preferential flow paths)

********************** *********** ******** ***** ************** ******************


LAYER 1


THICKNESS

50.00 CMPOROSITY

0.5010 VOL/VOLFIELD CAPACITY


0.1350 VOL/VOLINITIAL SOIL WATER CONTENT = 0.2000 VOL/VOLEFFECTIVE SAT. HYD. COND. = 0.190000006114E-03 CM/SEC


LAYER 2


THICKNESS 15.00 CMPOROSITYFIELD CAPACITYWILTING POINTINITIAL SOIL WATER CONTENT =EFFECTIVE SAT. HYD. COND. =

0.5010 VOL/VOL0.2840 VOL/VOL0.1350 VOL/VOL0.2000 VOL/VOL

0.190000006114E-03 CM/SEC

LAYER 3


THICKNESS = 300.00 CMPOROSITY



0.0190 VOL/VOLINITIAL SOIL WATER CONTENT


LAYER 4


THICKNESS 15.00 CMPOROSITYFIELD CAPACITYWILTING POINTINITIAL SOIL WATER CONTENTEFFECTIVE SAT. HYD. COND. =


0.190000006114E-03 CM/SEC

LAYER 5


THICKNESS

= 300.00 CMPOROSITY





LAYER 6


THICKNESS

15.00 CMPOROSITY




LAYER 7


THICKNESS = 300.00 CMPOROSITY 0.1680 VOL/VOLFIELD CAPACITY 0.0730 VOL/VOLWILTING POINT


II


NOTE: SCS RUNOFF CURVE NUMBER WAS COMPUTED FROM DEFAULTSOIL DATA BASE USING SOIL TEXTURE # 9 WITH BAREGROUND CONDITIONS, A SURFACE SLOPE OF 0.% ANDA SLOPE LENGTH OF O. METERS.



NOTE: EVAPOTRANSPIRATION DATA WAS OBTAINED FROMAlice Springs AUS

STATION LATITUDE = -23.75 DEGREESMAXIMUM LEAF AREA INDEX = 1.00START OF GROWING SEASON (JULIAN DATE) = 81END OF GROWING SEASON (JULIAN DATE) = 314EVAPORATIVE ZONE DEPTH. = 43.0 CMAVERAGE ANNUAL WIND SPEED = 6.40 KPHAVERAGE 1ST QUARTER RELATIVE HUMIDITY = 28.00 %




11




33.0 23.6 52.1 13.8 20.8 18.212.7 5.7 7.1 18.9 24.8 31.7




29.7 28.9 25.9 20.8 16.5 13.112.1 15.3 19.3 23.6 26.7 28.5

NOTE: SOLAR RADIATION DATA WAS SYNTHETICALLY GENERATED USINGCOEFFICIENTS FOR Alice Springs AUS


******************************************************************************

******************************************************************************




************************************************************************************************************************************************************




HELP\P915.VHP\_weatherl.datHELP\P915.VHP\_weather2.datHELP\P915.VHP\_weather3.datHELP\P915.VHP\_weather4.datHELP\P915.VHP\0_93058.5HELP\P915.VHP\O 93058.out

TIME: 10:40 DATE: 8/19/1999 •

******************************************************************************

TITLE: New surface - 15m - lm cap (No preferential flow paths)

******************************************************************************


LAYER 1




LAYER 2


THICKNESS 15.00 CMPOROSITYFIELD CAPACITYWILTING POINTINITIAL SOIL WATER CONTENT =EFFECTIVE SAT. HYD. COND. = 0.


190000006114E-03 CM/SEC

LAYER 3







LAYER 4




190000006114E-03 CM/SEC

111

LAYER 5


THICKNESS = 300.00 CM

POROSITY



0.0770 VOL/VOLINITIAL SOIL WATER CONTENT = 0.2000 VOL/VOL


LAYER 6



LAYER 7



I

1

LAYER 8



LAYER 9



LAYER 10



LAYER 11




NOTE: SCS RUNOFF CURVE NUMBER WAS COMPUTED FROM DEFAULTSOIL DATA BASE USING SOIL TEXTURE # 9 WITH BAREGROUND CONDITIONS, A SURFACE SLOPE OF 5.% ANDA SLOPE LENGTH OF 150. METERS.

SCS RUNOFF CURVE NUMBER 91.70FRACTION OF AREA ALLOWING RUNOFF = 100.0 PERCENTAREA PROJECTED ON HORIZONTAL PLANE = 13.0000 HECTARESEVAPORATIVE ZONE DEPTH 43.0 CMINITIAL WATER IN EVAPORATIVE ZONE 8.600 CMUPPER LIMIT OF EVAPORATIVE STORAGE 21.543 CMLOWER LIMIT OF EVAPORATIVE STORAGE = 5.805 CMINITIAL SNOW WATER 0.000 CMINITIAL WATER IN LAYER MATERIALS 300.000 CMTOTAL INITIAL WATER 300.000 CMTOTAL SUBSURFACE INFLOW 0.00 MM/YR



STATION LATITUDE = -23.75MAXIMUM LEAF AREA INDEX = 1.00START OF GROWING SEASON (JULIAN DATE) = 81END OF GROWING SEASON (JULIAN DATE) = 314

DEGREES

EVAPORATIVE ZONE DEPTH = 43.0 CMAVERAGE ANNUAL WIND SPEED = 6.40 KPHAVERAGE 1ST QUARTER RELATIVE HUMIDITY = 28.00 %







33.0 23.6 52.1 13.8 20.8 18.212.7 5.7 7.1 18.9 24.8 31.7




29.7 28.9 25.9 20.8 16.5 13.112.1 15.3 19.3 23.6 26.7 28.5

NOTE: SOLAR RADIATION DATA WAS SYNTHETICALLY GENERATED USING• ' COEFFICIENTS FOR Alice Springs AUS


******************************************************************************

******************************************************************************

* * *** * *** * HYDROLOGIC EVALUATION OF LANDFILL PERFORMANCE

*** * HELP MODEL VERSION 3.07 (1 NOVEMBER 1997)

*** * DEVELOPED 13Y ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY

* *** USAE WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION **** FOR USEPA RISK REDUCTION ENGINEERING LABORATORY

* *** **** **************************************************************************************************************************************************************




HELP\P549.VHP\_weatherl.datHELP\P549.VHP\_weather2.datHELP\P549.VHP\_weather3.datHELP\P549.VHP\ weather4.datHELP\P549.VHP\3_92788.5HELP\P549.VHP\O 92788.out

TIME: 10:51 DATE: 8/19/1999

** * **** **** ***** ** ******* **** ************ ***** **** * ************* *** ***********

TITLE: New surface - 15m - lm cap (Preferential flow paths)

****** ** ******************** * ************************************ ** ******** * **


LAYER 1


THICKNESS = 100.00 CMPOROSITY 0.5010 VOL/VOLFIELD CAPACITY 0.2840 VOL/VOLWILTING POINT



LAYER 2


THICKNESS 15.00 CMPOROSITY





LAYER 3



POROSITY





LAYER 4


THICKNESS 15.00 CMPOROSITYFIELD CAPACITYWILTING POINTINITIAL SOIL WATER CONTENTEFFECTIVE SAT. HYD. COND. =


0.190000006114E-03 CM/SEC

LAYER 5


= 300.00 CMTHICKNESSPOROSITYFIELD CAPACITYWILTING POINTINITIAL SOIL WATER CONTENT =EFFECTIVE SAT. HYD. COND. =


0.100000004750E-02 CM/SEC

LAYER 6


THICKNESS 15.00 CMPOROSITYFIELD CAPACITYWILTING POINTINITIAL SOIL WATER CONTENT =EFFECTIVE SAT. HYD. COND. =


0.190000006114E-03 CM/SEC

LAYER 7







I'

LAYER 8







LAYER 9







LAYER 10


THICKNESS

15.00 CMPOROSITY





LAYER 11



I1



SCS RUNOFF CURVE NUMBER 91.70FRACTION OF AREA ALLOWING RUNOFF = 100.0 PERCENTAREA PROJECTED ON HORIZONTAL PLANE = 13.0000 HECTARESEVAPORATIVE ZONE DEPTH 43.0 CMINITIAL WATER IN EVAPORATIVE ZONE = 8.600 CMUPPER LIMIT OF EVAPORATIVE STORAGE = 21.543 CMLOWER LIMIT'OF EVAPORATIVE STORAGE = 5.805 CMINITIAL SNOW WATER 0.000 CMINITIAL WATER IN LAYER MATERIALS 101.250 CMTOTAL INITIAL WATER 101.250 CMTOTAL SUBSURFACE.INFLOW 0.00 MM/YR




DEGREES

END OF GROWING SEASON ,,(JULIAN DATE) = 314EVAPORATIVE ZONE DEPTH ' = 43.0 CMAVERAGE ANNUAL WIND SPEED = 6.40 KPHAVERAGE 1ST QUARTER RELATIVE HUMIDITY = 28.00 %







33.0 23.6 52.1 13.8 20.8 18.212.7 5.7 7.1 18.9 24.8 31.7




29.7 28.9 25.9 20.8 16.5 13.112.1 15.3 19.3 23.6 26.7 28.5



iII

. I

******************************************************************************

******************************************************************************




******************************************************************************

******************************************************************************



FILES\VISUAL HELP\P915.FILES\VISUAL HELP\P915.FILES\VISUAL HELP\P915.FILES\VISUAL HELP\P915.FILES\VISUAL HELP\P915.FILES\VISUAL HELP\P915.

VHP\_weatherl.datVHP\_weather2.datVHP\_weather3.datVHP\_weather4.datVHP\0_93112.5VHP\O 93112.out

I:TIME: 10:41 DATE: 8/19/1999

* * ****** * ******* * ****** * ******* * ************** * ******* * ************** * ********

TITLE: New Surface - 10m - lm cap (No preferential flow paths)

**********************4,*******************************************************


LAYER 1




LAYER 2


THICKNESS 15.00 CMPOROSITY 0.5010 VOL/VOLFIELD CAPACITY

0.2840 VOL/VOLWILTING POINT 0.1350 VOL/VOLINITIAL SOIL WATER CONTENT = 0.2000 VOL/VOLEFFECTIVE SAT. HYD. COND. = 0.190000006114E-03 CM/SEC

LAYER 3


THICKNESS = 255.00 CMPOROSITY 0.6710 VOL/VOLFIELD CAPACITY 0.2920 VOL/VOLWILTING POINT 0.0770 VOL/VOLINITIAL SOIL WATER CONTENT = 0.2000 VOL/VOLEFFECTIVE SAT. HYD. COND. = 0.100000004750'E-02 CM/SEC

LAYER 4

TYPE .1 - VERTICAL PERCOLATION LAYERMATERIAL TEXTURE NUMBER 9


LAYER 5



LAYER 6



LAYER 7








STATION LATITUDE = -23.75MAXIMUM LEAF AREA INDEX = 1.00START OF GROWING SEASON (JULIAN DATE) = 81END OF GROWING SEASON. (JULIAN DATE) = 314

DEGREES

EVAPORATIVE ZONE DEPTH\ = 43.0 CMAVERAGE ANNUAL WIND SPEED = 6.40 KPHAVERAGE 1ST QUARTER RELATIVE HUMIDITY = 28.00 %







33.0 23.6 52.1 13.8 20.8 18.212.7 5.7 7.1 18.9 24.8 31.7




29.7 28.9 25.9 20.8 16.5 13.112.1 15.3 19.3 23.6 26.7 28.5


AND STATION LATITUDE - -23.75 DEGREES

******************************************************************************

****** **** ********* **** ********* **** ********* ***** ********* **** ********* **** **




************************************************************************************************************************************************************

1 PRECIPITATION DATA FILE:TEMPERATURE DATA FILE:SOLAR RADIATION DATA FILE:EVAPOTRANSPIRATION DATA:SOIL AND DESIGN DATA FILE:OUTPUT DATA FILE:



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TIME: 10:52 DATE: 8/19/1999

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TITLE: New Surface - 10m - lm cap (Preferential flow paths)

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LAYER 1


THICKNESS = 100.00 CMPOROSITY 0.5010 VOL/VOLFIELD CAPACITY




LAYER 2







LAYER 3


THICKNESS = 255.00 CMPOROSITY 0.1680 VOL/VOLFIELD CAPACITY

0.0730 VOL/VOLWILTING POINT 0.0190 VOL/VOLINITIAL SOIL WATER CONTENT = 0.0500 VOL/VOLEFFECTIVE SAT. HYD. COND. = 0.100000004750E-02 CM/SEC

LAYER 4




190000006114E-03 CM/SEC

LAYER 5



POROSITY



0.0190 VOL/VOLINITIAL SOIL WATER CONTENT


LAYER 6


THICKNESS 15.00 CM

POROSITY 0.5010 VOL/VOLFIELD CAPACITY 0.2840 VOL/VOLWILTING POINT 0.1350 VOL/VOLINITIAL SOIL WATER CONTENT = 0.2000 VOL/VOLEFFECTIVE SAT. HYD. COND. = 0.190000006114E-03 CM/SEC

LAYER 7



POROSITY 0.1680 VOL/VOLFIELD CAPACITY 0.0730 VOL/VOLWILTING POINT 0.0190 VOL/VOLINITIAL SOIL WATER CONTENT = 0.0500 VOL/VOLEFFECTIVE SAT. HYD. COND. = 0.100000004750E-02 CM/SEC

,11


GROUND CONDITIONS, A SURFACE SLOPE OF 5.% ANDA SLOPE LENGTH OF 100. METERS.

SCS RUNOFF CURVE NUMBER 91.87FRACTION OF AREA ALLOWING RUNOFF = 100.0 PERCENTAREA PROJECTED ON HORIZONTAL PLANE = 8.0000 HECTARESEVAPORATIVE ZONE DEPTH 43.0 CMINITIAL WATER IN EVAPORATIVE ZONE = 8.600 CMUPPER LIMIT OF EVAPORATIVE STORAGE = 21.543 CMLOWER LIMIT OF EVAPORATIVE STORAGE = 5.805 CMINITIAL SNOW WATER 3i 0.000 CMINITIAL WATER IN LAYER MATERIALS 71.750 CMTOTAL INITIAL WATER 71.750 CMTOTAL SUBSURFACE INFLOW 0.00 MM/YR




DEGREES

END OF GROWING SEASON. (JULIAN DATE) = 314EVAPORATIVE ZONE DEPTH.. = 43.0 CMAVERAGE ANNUAL WIND SPEED = 6.40 KPHAVERAGE 1ST QUARTER RELATIVE HUMIDITY = 28.00 %




NOTE: SCS RUNOFF CURVE NUMBER WAS COMPUTED FROM DEFAULTUSING SOIL TEXTURE # 9 WITH BARESOIL DATA BASE




33.0 23.6 52.1 13.8 20.8 18.212.7 5.7 7.1 18.9 24.8 31.7




29.7 28.9 25.9 20.8 16.5 13.112.1 15.3 19.3 23.6 26.7 28.5



MaunsellMcIntyre

LANDFILL GAS ASSESSMENT

Nolan-ITU

Maunsell McIntyre

Alice Springs LFG

January, 2000

Ref: 3039-04

NOLAN-ITU Pty Ltd ACN 067 785 853

P.O. Box 393 Level 1, 625 High St, East Kew Victoria 3102Telephone: (03) 9859 3344 Facsimile: (03) 9859 3411

CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 LANDFILL GAS MODELLING 2

2.1 Landfill Gas Models 2

2.2 Gas Generation Rates 2

2.3 Gas Composition 2

2.4 Methane Oxidation 3

3 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS 5

4 REFERENCES 6

5 REPORT LIMITATIONS 7

APPENDICES

Appendix A: Landfill Gas Model Data

Appendix B Landfill Gas Monitoring Data

3039-04/MM-rpt1-2.doe Maunsell McIntyre

Alice Springs Landfill Gas

1 INTRODUCTION

Nolan-ITU was engaged by Maunsell McIntyre to prepare a short LFG assessment for the AliceSprings landfill in the Northern Territory. The site is a putrescible landfill mounded to a depth ofbetween 5 m and 15 m over an area of about 20 ha. The site started in the 1960's and is expectedto be filled by about 2030. Currently there is about 1.8 million m 3 of waste in the landfill.

The scope of the assessment is as follows:

q Provide a LFG generation model which estimates the gas generation over the life of thelandfill and for 30 years after closing:

q Provide advice on the interpretation of the model;

q Provide advice on the Greenhouse Gas Emissions from the landfill; and

q Provide a brief written report and model outputs (graphs and data).

1•JOEINVIAl-rptl-2.1loc Maunsell Mcintyre


2 LANDFILL GAS MODELLING

2.1 Landfill Gas Models

The models used are a combination of one developed in The Netherlands in 1993 and onedeveloped in Perth. The Dutch model takes account of the composition of the waste as well asthe quantity. The Perth model gives an upper and lower bound based on empirical generationrates. The findings from the two models are plotted together in Figure 2.1.

The figure shows the gas generation curves for the waste projected for 30 years after the sitecloses in 2030. The waste deposited before 1970 has not been included in the model because it'scontribution to gas generation after 30 years is considered negligible, especially if the waste wasburnt, as is possible. An upper and lower bound is shown for the Perth model. The Dutch modelshows a single line. The waste data used in the models is given in Appendix A.

The gas will be a mixture of methane (CH 4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) with other trace gases.The expected composition as generated is 50% CH 4 and 50% CO, however the diffusion of airinto the landfill mound has changed this (see Section 2.3 below)

2.2 Gas Generation Rates

The modelling indicates the average peak gas generation rate is expected to be 300-500 m 3/hr inabout 2014. Because of the dry climate the average gas generation will be towards the lowerbound. The gas generation is likely to be highly variable and will respond to rainfall events.

The average rainfall is low at 275 mm per annum, pan evaporation is high and rainfall is highlyvariable. When rain falls on the site and infiltrates into the garbage there will be a temporaryincrease in gas generation as the moisture content of the waste rises. Once the water has drainedaway as leachate, gas generation rates will fall to background levels, which may be as low as halfthe average.

Another important feature of the gas generation is that from now until the site closes, the averagegeneration rate will not change much as the gas generation curve effectively plateaus.

2.3 Gas Composition

The gas composition found in the landfill gas monitoring points is shown below and in AppendixB. The data indicates that there are low levels of landfill gases in the waste, generally less than45% of the gases in the landfill. It is assumed that this is due tp considerable diffusion of air intothe landfill resulting in high levels of N2 (the balance of gas in the landfill). A ratio of CH 4 to

CO2 of 1-2 would be expected, depending on the age of the waste. The high concentrations ofCO2 relative to the concentrations of CH4 indicate that CO 2 is being generated aerobically

The monitoring bores were pumped for 45 minutes to stabilise the readings.

2..108NVNINI-rptl-2.1loc

Maunsell McIntyre


Table 2.1: LFG Monitoring Data (Supplied by MMPL)

Point No CH4V.

CO2'4

CH4/CO2 02%

MW7 11.5 13.1 0.88 0

MW8 21.8 22 0.99 1.3

MW9 9.9 18.1 0.55 0

MW10 16.7 27.4 0.61 0

MW11 11.4 23.2 0.49 0.2

MW12 0.4 16.8 0.02 0

The CH4/CO2 ratios are about unity at MW7 and MW8, which are at the deeper end of thelandfill, where gas emission rates would be higher and therefore air diffusion rates lower.

The gas generation and concentrations are highly variable and strongly influenced by intrusion ofatmospheric air.

2.4 Methane Oxidation

The CH4 can be partially or fully oxidised by bacteria in much of the surface soils for most of theyear. Research reported by Figueroa (1993) gave a range of methane oxidation rates of 0.06 —3.75 g CH4/hr/m2. Methane oxidation rates depend on soil moisture. In the literature it isreported that the percentage of CH4 that is oxidised can be as high as 50% or more.

The average methane emission rate on this site, given a upper bound peak generation rate of 500m 3/hr, is 0.9 g CH4 /hr/m2. This rate is well within the range that is reported to be oxidised(Figuero, 1993). However, the dry climate is not conducive to active bacteria in the surface soilsand on this basis possibly only 25% of the CH4 is oxidised.

3'108.VVAIM-rpt 1 -2.doc

Maunsell McIntyre


ALICE SPRINGSLANDFILL GAS GENERATION MODEL

1970 1978 1986 1994 2002 2010 2018 2026 2034 2042 2050 2058 2066

YEARS

Berth Upper — R3rth Lower — Dutch Model

zO

600

500

cf,400

EO 300

a. 0z 200

0 100

0

IL_ gm.111

MI NM MI UM MI IM UM —. 111111 SIN IIIIII

Note This Figure is provided for illustration purposes only and should be read in conjunction with the rest of this report.

*JOBN*Wrpil-2.doe

Maunsell McIntyre


4

3 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

For landfill gas (LFG) generation, which may cause a greenhouse effect, we have taken theperiod of 50 years from 1985 to 2035. The dry climate indicates the lower bound of thegeneration curves, giving an average generation rate of about 250 m 3/hr of LFG.

There is 50% of CH4 in the LFG and if 25% of this is oxidised in the landfill cap, 94 m3/hr isreleased as greenhouse gas.

CH4 has a density of 0.72 kg/m3 . Therefore 30,000 tonnes of CH 4 may be released over the 50year period.

CH4 has about 25 times the greenhouse effect as CO2.. Therefore the net CO 2 equivalent is750,000 tonnes, or 15,000 tonnes per year.

Extracting LFG from the landfill and utilising it or flaring it will be difficult because thegeneration rate will be highly variable and the mounded landfill will make recovery efficiencylow. A more effective greenhouse strategy than extracting the gas would be to promote naturaloxidation by revegetating the capping of completed areas. This would encourage the growth ofthe bacteria needed to oxidise the CH4.

5VOBAPVMM-rpt1-2.doc

Maunsell McIntyre


Nolan-ITU

4 REFERENCES

Figueroa, R. A.: 1993. Methane Oxidation in Landfill Topsoils: Proceedings Sardinia 93, 4thInternational Landfill Symposium, Cagliari, Italy, 11— 15 October 1992.

*JOBAPAIM-rpil-2.flot Maunsell McIntyre


5 REPORT LIMITATIONS

This report has been prepared in accordance with an agreement between Maunsell McIntyre andNolan-ITU.

The services performed by Nolan-ITU have been conducted in a manner consistent with the levelof quality and skill generally exercised by members of its profession and consulting practices.

This report is solely for the use of Maunsell McIntyre and any reliance of this report by thirdparties shall be at such party's sole risk and may not contain sufficient information for purposesof other parties or for other uses. This report shall only be presented in full and may not be usedto support any other objectives than those set out in the report, except where written approvalwith comments are provided by Nolan-ITU.

No warranty or guarantee of site conditions is intended. The information in this report isconsidered to be accurate at the date of issue in accordance to the information supplied on thesite. Subsurface conditions can vary across a particular site, which cannot be explicitly definedby investigation. Therefore, it is unlikely that the results and estimations expressed in this report

• will represent the extremes of conditions within the site.

7•:03%* .1111-rpt 1 -3.doc

Maunsell McIntyre


Nolan-ITU

Appendix. A

Landfill Gas Model Data

V08,V•41M-INI-:.d« itlatinsell McIntyre


SITE NAME: %LICE SPRINGS

EFFECTIVE DENSITY (kg/m3): 350 for Perth modelDENSITY • 845 for Dutch ModelFIRST YEAR: 1970LAST YEAR: 2030YEARLY INPUT

Perth Model

Volumes (m3) tonnesRatios

Dutch ModelDomestic Domestic

Putrescible Self Haul0.22 0.03

C&I0.11

Sludge0.00

GreenWaste0.07

1970 75000 63,375 13626 1838 6845 0 4310'1972 79442 67,128 14433 1947 7250 0 45651974 84147 71,104 15287 2062 7679 0 48351976 89130 75,315 16193 2184 8134 0 ' 51211978 94409 79,775 17152 2313 8616 0 54251980 100000 84,500 18167 2450 9126 0 57461982 104396 88,215 18966 2558 9527 0 59991984 108985 92,093 19800 2671 9946 0 62621986 113777 96,141 20670 2788 10383 0 65381988 118778 100,368 21579 2911 10840 0 6825

1990 124000 104,780 22528 3039 11316 0 7125

1992 124000 104,780 22528 3039 11316 0 7125

1994 124000 104,780 22528 3039 11316 0 7125

1996 124000 104,780 22528 3039 11316 0 7125

1998 124000 104,780 22528 3039 11316 0 7125

2000 124000 104,780 22528 3039 11316 0 7125

2002 124000 104,780 22528 3039 11316 0 7125

2004 124000 104,780 22528 3039 11316 0 7125

2006 124000 104,780 22528 3039 11316 0 7125

2008 124000 104,780 22528 3039 11316 0 7125

2010 124000 104,780 22528 3039 11316 0 7125

2012 118778 100,368 21579 2911 10840 0 6825

2014 113777 96,141 20670 2788 10383 0 6538

2016 108986 92,093 19800 2671 9946 0 6262

2018 104396 88,215 18966 2558 9527 0 5999

2020 100000 84,500 18168 2451 9126 0 5746

2022 94409 79,775 17152 2313 8616 0 5425

2024 89130 75,315 16193 2184 8134 0 5121

2026 84147 71,104 15287 2062 7679 0 4835

2028 79442 67,129 14433 1947 7250 0 4565

2030 75000 63,375 13626 1838 6845 0 4310

Volume in Place 1970 -2000 1588064

Alice Springs 1970-2030 LFG.xls01/28/2000

Nolan-ITU

1 Appendix B

Landfill Gas Monitoring Data

`JOBAPAIM.rix/-2.dor Maunsell McIntyre



Landfill Gas Monitoring Point MW7Time Pumping

(minutes)CH4

(%)CO2

(%)02

(%)

Pressure(mb)

PID reading

(ppm)0 10.7 13.2 0 949 100.91 10.8 13.1 0 949 100.92 10.9 13.2 0 948 100.93 10.9 13.1 0 949 100.94 11 13.1 0 949 100.95 11 13.1 0 948 1067 11.2 13.1 0 949 120.59 11.2 13.1 0 949 118.9

11 11.3 13.1 0 949 122.613 11.2 13.1 0 948 121.815 11.1 13.1 0 949 124.820 11.4 13.2 0 948 12925 11.3 13.2 0 948 130.830 11.3 13.3 0 948 131.735 11.3 13.1 0 948 131.440 11.4 13.2 0 947 137.545 11.5 13.1 0 948 136

Landfill Gas Monitorin g Point MW8Time Pumping

(minutes)CH4(%)

CO2

(%)02(%)

Pressure(mb)

PID reading(ppm)

0 21.2 21.2 1.5 948 56.31 21.1 20.9 1.5 948 56.32 21 20.9 1.5 947 56.33 21.2 20.9 1.5 947 56.34 21.1 21.3 1.5 948 56.35 21.1 21.1 1.5 - 947 56.57 21.2 21.3 1.5 947 65.99 21.1 21.4 1.4 947 69.7

11 21.1 21.6 1.5 946 329.613 21.3 21.6 1.4 947 325.315 21.5 21.7 1.4 947 149.620 21.2 21.8 1.4 946 101.525 21.6 21.8 1.3 949 64.630 21.6 21.8 1.3 945 61.635 21.4 21.6 1.3 943 6040 21.8 21.7 1.3 943 61.445 21.8 22 _ 1.3 943 59.6

Ifgresults.xisLandfill Gas Monitoring

Page 1 01/28/2000



(minutes)CH4

(%)

CO2(%)

02(%)

Pressure(mb)

PID reading(ppm)

0 11.4 18.2 0 943 35.31 10.8 17.9 0 942 38.72 10.9 17.9 0 942 37.13 10.4 17.8 0 942 41.44 10.7 17.9 0 943 41.25 10.8 18.3 0 942 40.17 10.5 18.1 0 941 38.69 10.6 18.1 0 942 37

11 10.6 18.1 0 942 35.313 10.5 18.3 0 942 33.415 10.3 18.2 0 941 32.920 10.2 18.3 0 940 30.725 10.1 18.2 0 940 29.430 10 18.1 0 940 2935 10 17.7 0 940 27.940 10 18.3 0 940 28.145 9.9 18.1 0 940 28


(minutes)CH4(%)

CO2

(%)02(%)

Pressure(mb)

PID reading(ppm)

0 15.7 27.4 0 942 22.41 16.1 27.5 0 942 20.52 15.9 28.1 0 941 203 16.1 27.6 0 942 19.34 15.8 27.3 0 942 • 18.8

5 16 27.4 0 942 18.87 16.2 27.8 0 942 18.69 16.3 27.5 0 942 18.6

11 16.4 27.5 0 942 18.513 16.2 27 0 941 18.315 16.2 27.2 0 941 18.520 21.2 29.2 0 942 18.425 21.2 27 0 942 18.830 16.3 . 27.3 0 942 19.335 16.6 27.3 0 942 19.740 16.7 28 0 942 19.745 16.7 27.4 0 943 19.7

Ifgresults.xlsLandfill Gas Monitoring

Page 2 01/28/2000



(minutes)CH4(%)

CO2(%)

02(%)

Pressure(mb)

PID reading

(ppm)0 9.4 21 0.5 942 75.51 10.7 22.1 0.4 942 94.52 10.8 22 0.3 • 942 100.23 10.7 21.7 0.3 942 99.24 11.1 22.5 Q.3 942 93.15 11.1 22.2 0.3 942 78.57 10.8 22.2 0.2 942 66.29 11 22.1 0.3 942 56.9

11 10.9 22.4 0.3 941 49.213 11.2 22.5 0.2 942 44.215 11.5 22.7 0.3 941 39.620 11.1 22.2 0.2 941 4025 11.3 22.4 0.2 941 39.930 11.6 23.1 0.2 940 40.935 11.4 23.1 0.2 940 42.940 11.6 23 0.2 939 44.445 11.4 23.2 0.2 938 45.9


(minutes)CH4(%)

CO2(%)

02(%)

Pressure(mb)

PID reading(ppm)

0 0.5 15.3 0.3 939 78.81 0.5 16 0 938 87.52 0.4 16.4 0 *38 81.93 0.5 16.5 0 938 79.24 0.4 16.2 0 938 76.45 0.5 16.3 0 938 79.37 0.4 16.1 0 938 69.99 0.5 16.5 0 938 72

11 0.4 16.4 0 939 69.513 0.4 16.8 0 939 66.615 0.3 16.6 0 939 65.520 0.4 16.6 0 940 66.625 0.5 17 0 940 70.630 0.5 16.6 0 940 47.235 0.3 16.4 0 939 48.840 0.4 16.4 0 941 65.745 0.4 16.8 0 940 52.7

Ifgresults.xisLandfill Gas Monitoring

Page 3 01/28/2000

MaunsellMcIntyre

WASTE TYPES

MaunsellMcIntyre

Waste Types Accepted at Alice Springs Landfill

1. Non-Listed Wastes

Domestic, commercial, industrial and building wastesNon-hazardous wasteRecyclable wasteSolid waste

2. Listed Wastes

Acids and acidic solutionsAdhesives (excluding solid inert polymeric materials)Alkali metals and alkaline earth metalsAlkalis and alkaline solutionsAntimony and antimony compounds and solutionsArsenic and arsenic compounds and solutionsAsbestosBarium compounds and solutionsBeryllium and beryllium compoundsBoron and boron compoundsCadmium and cadmium compounds and solutionsCalcium carbideCarbon disulphideCarcinogens teratogens and mutagensChloratesChromium compounds and solutionsCopper compounds and solutionsCyanides or cyanide solutions and cyanide complexesCytotoxic wastesDangerous substances within the meaning of the Dangerous Substances Act 1979Distillation residuesFluoride compoundsHalogensHeterocyclic organic compounds containing oxygen, nitrogen or sulphurHydrocarbons and their oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur compounds (including oils)lsocyanate compounds (excluding solid inert polymeric materials)Laboratory chemicalsLead compounds and solutionsLime sludges or slurriesManganese compoundsMercaptansMercury compounds and equipment containing mercuryNickel compounds and solutionNitratesOrganic halogen compounds (excluding solid inert polymeric materials)


Revision: ADate: 03 February 2000

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Organic phosphatesOrganic solventsOrganometallic residuesOxidising agentsPaint sludges and residuesPerchloratesPeroxidesPesticides (including herbicides and fungicides)Pharmaceutical wastes and residuesPhenolic compounds (excluding solid inert polymeric materials)Phosphorus and its compoundsPolychlorinated biphenylsPoisons within the meaning of the Drugs Act 1908Reactive chemicalsReducing agentsSelenium and selenium compounds and solutionsSilver compounds and solutionsSolvent recovery residuesSulphides and sulphide solutionsSurfactantsThallium and thallium compounds and solutionsVanadium compoundsZinc compounds and solutions

Revision: ADate: 03 February 2000Page: 2 of 2


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GROUNDWATER QUALITY BACKGROUND DATA

G

• MI • • IIIIII • NMI •IIII • MI NM =I NM NM MI 11•11


Groundwater Contaminant Levels and Guidelines


Parameter Units LOR Sample Guideline LevelsMW1 MW2 MW3 MW4 MW5 MW6 Dutch I.V. Aust FWG Aust DWG*

BOD-5 DaypH

Alkalinity, total

Chemical Oxygen Demand

mg/L CaCO3

36.83

390

7

16.75

420

11

1611.36

3308

27.1

360

11

27.05

5008

37.32

3.717

Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 3500 4700 860 8800 2900 1500 500**Conductivity umho/cm 5000 6500 1200 13000 4000 2200Redox potential mV +67 +99 +110 +140 +130 +200Ammonia (N) mg/L 0.05 <LOR <LOR <LOR <LOR <LOR <LOR 20-30Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (N) mg/L 0.05 0.28 0.24 <LOR <LOR 0.39 0.9Total Organic Carbon mg/L 3 4 2 45 28 29MetalsCadmium mg/L 0.002 <LOR <LOR <LOR <LOR <LOR <LOR 0.006 0.002Chromium mg/L 0.005 <LOR <LOR <LOR <LOR <LOR <LOR 0.026 0.01 0.05Copper mg/L 0.011 0.016 0.01 0.014 0.006 0.008 0.035 2Iron (total) mg/L 0.044 0.072 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.064 1 0.30**Lead mg/L 0.009 0.014 0.013 0.012 0.006 0.01 0.054 0.01Mercury mg/L 0.001 <LOR <LOR <LOR <LOR <LOR <LOR 0.3 0.1 1Zinc mg/L 0.024 0.033 0.035 0.058 0.027 0.054 029 0.3**CationsCalcium mg/L 270 440 120 430 170 130Magnesium mg/L 150 210 5.1 440 95 78Potassium mg/L 18 20 12 22 13 10Sodium mg/L 480 440 85 1500 560 210AnionsChloride mg/L 700 450 100 930 740 310 250**Phosphate total mg/L P 0.05 <LOR 0.1 <LOR 0.1 0.1 0.73Sulphate (S) mg/L 400 680 75 1600 260 170 500Bicarbonate

Carbonate

mg/L CaCO3mg/L CaCO3 0.05

390

<LOR

420

<LOR

120 ,

210

360

<LOR

470

<LOR

350

<LOR

Semivolatile Organics All below detection levelsVolatile Organics All below detection levelsTotal Petroleum Hydrocarbons

C6-C9 fraction . mg/L 0.02 <LOR <LOR <LOR <LOR <LOR <LOR

C10-1 4 fraction mg/L 0.05 <LOR <LOR <LOR <LOR <LOR <LOR

C 15-C28 fraction mg/L 0.1 <LOR <LOR <LOR <LOR <LOR <LORC29-C36 fraction mg/L 0.1 <LOR <LOR <LOR <LOR <LOR <LOR

* Health Based Guidelines** Aesthetic based guidelines, no health based guideline recommended

j: \34199 \Investigation \006JKB.xls

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Landfill Management Plan

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