Landfill Gas Energy Project Types Final
Transcript of Landfill Gas Energy Project Types Final
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Landfill Gas EnergyLandfill Gas Energy
Project TypesProject Types
2009 Maui County Energy Expo2009 Maui County Energy Expo
U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyU.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Landfill Methane Outreach Program (LMOP)Landfill Methane Outreach Program (LMOP)September 9, 2009September 9, 2009
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Possible UsesPossible Uses
Direct Use
30% of all project types
Electricity Generation 70% of all project types
Combined Heat and Power Alternate Fuels
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LFG Has Been Used to HelpLFG Has Been Used to Help
ProduceProduce Aluminum Alternative fuels (biodiesel,
CNG, ethanol, and LNG)
Aquaculture (e.g., tilapia) Arts & crafts
(blacksmithing, ceramics,glass)
Biosolids (drying) Bricks and concrete
Carpet
Cars and trucks
Chemicals
Chocolate
Consumer goods andcontainers
Denim
Electricity
Fiberglass, nylon, andpaper
Furthering space
exploration Garden plants
Green power
Ice cream, milk, and tea
Infrared heat Juice (apple, cranberry,
orange)
Pharmaceuticals
Snack food
Soy-based products
Steam
Steel Tomatoes (hydroponic)
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Technology TrendsTechnology Trends
Electricity ProjectsElectricity Projects
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Organic Rankine Cycle
Combined Cycle
Steam Turbine
Microturbine
Cogeneration
Gas Turbine
Reciprocating Engine
Number of Projects
Operational Projects
Under Construction and
Planned Projects
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Technology TrendsTechnology Trends
DirectDirect--Use ProjectsUse Projects
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Methanol Synthesis
Liquefied Natural Gas
Medium Btu
Alternative Fuel
Greenhouse
High Btu
Leachate Evaporation
Direct Thermal
Boiler
Number of Projects
Operational Projects
Under Construction and
Planned Projects
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Direct Gas UtilizationDirect Gas Utilization
Gas piped to a nearby customer
for use in boiler, kiln, or otherprocess
Over 100 projects in the US
Pipeline length range from 0.3 toover 20 miles
less than 5 miles is most feasible
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Diversity of Project TypesDiversity of Project Types
Direct Use of LFGDirect Use of LFG Direct-use projects are growing!
Boiler applications replace natural gas, coal, fuel oil
Combined heat & power (CHP)
Direct thermal (dryers, kilns)
Natural gas pipeline injection Medium & high Btu
Greenhouse
Leachate evaporation Vehicle fuel (LNG, CNG)
Artist studios
Hydroponics Aquaculture (fish farming)
Greenhouse Burlington, NJ
LFG-fired Boiler Ft. Wayne, IN
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Direct Use ApplicationsDirect Use Applications
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LeachateLeachateEvaporationEvaporation Utilize LFG to treat
leachate
Commercially
available technology Project typically treat
10-20 thousandgallons of leachate
per day Popular technology
where leachatedisposal is
unavailable orexpensive
Units operating in theU.S. and
internationally; 20operational in theU.S.
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Seward County Landfill (KS)Seward County Landfill (KS)
Project is apublic/privatepartnership withNational Beef
70 scfm of LFG ispiped 1,500 feet towastewater lagoon
LFG and gas fromcovered lagoon iscaptured and used to
fuel boilers atNational Beef
Seward Countyrecognized as
LMOPs 2008Community Partnerof the Year
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Jackson County
Green Energy ParkSylva, NC
LMOP
2006Pro jec t o f t he Year
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MARSMARSSnackfoodSnackfoodUSA and City ofUSA and City of
Waco LandfillWaco Landfill
LFG from city landfill is piped
to MARS for use in boiler Replaces natural gas LFG replaced 60% of plants
boiler fuel 600
mmBTU/day Saves plant over
$600,000/year
Project lifetime of at least 25
years Reduced CO2 emissions by
10,000 tonnes/yr
Equivalent to 3% of MARS
total energy use for U.S.factories
March 15, 2007
City of WacoLandfill
MFUSA -Waco Plant
3 milepipeline
2008 LMOP
Award Winner
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Jenkins BrickJenkins Brick--Jordan PlantJordan Plant
Moody, AlabamaMoody, Alabama
Start-up in 2006 Direct use of LFG for brick kilns
Project highlights: First major US facility that was sited and
built near a landfill specifically for the use
of LFG. LFG is used to fuel brick kilns and LFG is
40% of plants energy needs, with 100%projected in 10 years as the landfill grows.
6.5 mile pipeline from Veolia Star RidgeLandfill
Jenkins Brick also uses LFG at theirMontgomery, AL Plant
LMOP 200 6Pro jec t o f t he Year
City of Sioux Falls RegionalCity of Sioux Falls Regional
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City of Sioux Falls RegionalCity of Sioux Falls RegionalLandfill & POET Landfill GasLandfill & POET Landfill Gas
Energy Project (SD)Energy Project (SD)
1,250 scfm of gas is transported via an 11-mile pipelineto POETs 105-million gallons/year ethanol plant
LFG reduces the plants natural gas usage by 2/3
Landfill is currently expanding LFG wellfield to furtheroffset the plants natural gas use
City takes advantage of the sale
of carbon credits from the project,
in addition to the sale of the landfill
gas
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DirectDirect--Use ProjectUse Project
ConsiderationsConsiderations Distance to end-user
Proportional to both capital and operatingcosts
Energy demand of end-user
Daily, seasonal demands
Periodic fluctuations
Total annual consumption Price of fuel being offset
Will determine relative value of LFG
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Combined Heat and PowerCombined Heat and Power
Advantages
Greater overall energy recovery efficiencyfrom waste heat recovery - up to 80%
Specialized CHP systems available
Flexible - hot water or steam generationfrom recovered heat
Disadvantages
Systems are usually more costly toimplement
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HH22Gro GreenhousesGro Greenhouses
Lewiston, NYLewiston, NY
LMOP2005
Project of
the Year
Innovative Energy Systems ModelCity Energy Facility at the Modern
Landfill went online in June 2001 11 engine-generator sets producea total of 12 MW of electricity
Provides all electrical & heating
requirements of H2GrosGreenhouses
Excess electricity sold to grid
H2Gro initially constructed a
acre hydroponic greenhouse testcell and yielded 180,000 lb/yr oftomatoes
Test so successful, expanded to7 acres and produces 3.5 millionlb tomatoes/yr
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BMW ManufacturingBMW Manufacturing
Greer, SCGreer, SC 9.5-mile pipeline from
Palmetto Landfill toBMW
2003 4 KG2 gasturbines retrofitted toburn LFG Currently replacing with
two 5.5 MW turbines withheat recovery
2006 Converted paintshop to utilize LFG inoven burners and forindirect heating
LFG accounts for nearly70% of BMWs energyneeds
BMW saves at least
$1 million/yr
LMOP 2006
En er gy En d User Pa r t n e r o f t he Year
LMOP 2003
Project ofthe Year
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Antioch Community HighAntioch Community High
SchoolSchoolAntioch, ILAntioch, IL
Start-up in 2003 Combined Heat and Power (cogeneration), 0.36 MW Project highlights:
180 scfm of LFG from the landfill to 12 microturbines. Provides heat and power to the 250,000 square foot
school. This is the first school in the US to be heated and powered
using LFG. The utilized LFG saves the school approximately $100,000
annually.
Collaboration of several organizations including RMT,Inc.,Waste Management, Illinois DCEO, ComEd, UnisonSolutions, and the Village of Antioch.
LMOP 2003
Pro jec t o f t he Year
Di i f P j TDi it f P j t T
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Diversity of Project TypesDiversity of Project TypesElectricity GenerationElectricity Generation
InternalCombustion Engine(range from 100 kW
to 3 MW)
Gas Turbine(range from 800 kW
to 10.5 MW)
Microturbine(range from 30 kW to 250 kW)
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Electricity GenerationElectricity Generation
Most prevalent type of project in theUS accounting for about 70% ofoperational projects In US, 1,100 MW of capacity from over 300
operational projects
Electricity sold to utility, cooperative,or nearby customers
Average project size: 4 MW Range of 500 kW - 50 MW
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Internal CombustionInternal Combustion
EngineEngine Most common
technology
Ideal for projects 800kW to 3 MW
Characteristics: Relatively low cost
Higher efficiency that
turbines
Fits gas output of mostlandfills
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Gas TurbinesGas Turbines
Technologysuitable for largergas flows capable
of 3 - 5 MW
Significant
economies of scale Disadvantage: Turbines require high gascompression, causing high parasitic load loss
Additional LFG treatment for siloxanes willdrive up the cost of this technology
Mi bi
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MicroturbinesMicroturbines
Sizing: 30-250 kW Why select this
technology?
Small LFG quantitiesrequired
% CH4
composition ofgas can be as low as35%
Add and remove fairlyeasily
Low NOx emissions
Al d P & T lAlameda Power & Telecom
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Alameda Power & TelecomAlameda Power & Telecomand City of Palo Alto, CAand City of Palo Alto, CA
Two community-based utilities teamedup to meet renewableenergy goals
Alameda currently80% renewables
Palo Alto goal 20%of electric load fromnew renewables by
2015
Buena Vista (3.2 MW)online in 06
Ox Mountain (11.4MW) and KellerCanyon (4 MW) onlinein 08
= Total of 18.6 MW
LMOP
2007EnergyPar tners
o f t he Year
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Coffin Butte LandfillCoffin Butte Landfill
Corvallis, OregonCorvallis, Oregon
The Coffin Butte LandfillLFGE facility 2007 expansion project
from 2.4 MWs to5.66 MWs
Electricity is sold to PacificNorthwest GeneratingCooperative
Expansion project
removes emissionsequivalent of: 3,200 vehicles, 38,000 barrels of oil, or Planting 4,500 acres of
forest
El t i P j tEl t i P j t
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Electric ProjectElectric Project
ConsiderationsConsiderations Local electricity costs
Portfolio of existing generatingsources
RPS in place to add value?
State/local incentives?
Permitting and air quality
Generating capacity vs. LFGrecovery
C i t Hi hC i t Hi h Bt GBt G
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Conversion to HighConversion to High--Btu GasBtu Gas
Gas is purified from 50% to 97- 99%methane
Removal of carbon dioxide is primary step Uses include:
Inject treated product into natural gaspipeline
CNG and LNG can be used to fuel
landfill equipment, refuse trucks andgeneral commercial vehicles
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Conversion to HighConversion to High--Btu GasBtu Gas
Disadvantages Must meet strict standards of pipeline
Requires diligent well-field management to minimize
oxygen and nitrogen content of LFG Costly technology
Economical for larger-scale LFG recovery projects
Veolia ESVeolia ES GreentreeGreentree LFLF
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Veolia ESVeolia ESGreentreeGreentreeLFLFKersey, PAKersey, PA
Largest high-Btu LFGEproject in U.S. can process15.12 mmscfd LFG
Cleaning: membrane
technology, pressure swingabsorption, carbonpretreatment, & H2S removal
7-mile pipeline to CHP facility
Volume of LFG flaredreduced by >90%
Expect ~2 billion cf/yr
product quality gas(
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LFG for Vehicle FuelLFG for Vehicle Fuel
Biodiesel productionfacilities (???)
Compressed naturalgas (CNG) to fuellandfill equipment
and fleet vehicles
LFG to methanol to
biodiesel Ethanol production
P Hill C d
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Puente Hills CompressedPuente Hills Compressed
Natural Gas GenerationNatural Gas Generation 250 scfm of gas is processed,
compressed and stored at the LosAngeles County Sanitation DistrictsClean Fuels Facility
The compressed natural gas is used asa fuel source in the landfills water
trucks and other vehicles Fuel generated is equivalent to 1,000
gallons of diesel fuel/day
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SummarySummary
Creative thinking and development
of partnerships can lead tosuccessful LFGE projects
Many technical and financialconsiderations to be addressedbefore selecting the right LFGE
technology