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Transcript of Land Use City Planning City Design. Land Use: Definition Land use is the modification of the...
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Land UseLand UseCity PlanningCity PlanningCity DesignCity Design
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Land Use: DefinitionLand Use: Definition Land use is the modification of the
natural environment or wilderness by humans
Modifications include creating fields, pastures, roads, and settlements
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GovernmentGovernment City/ Urban Government
Common CouncilMayorAlderperson
Country/ Rural GovernmentTown ChairCounty Board
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Public HearingsPublic Hearings Recommendations made by council
committees may require public hearings The public is invited to make
comments to the common council Are 12 and 13 year olds allowed to
speak at council meetings and public hearings?
YES!
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ZoningZoning Residential (R-1; R-2; R-3)
Single family; duplex; multifamily Commercial Agricultural (A-1; A-2; A-3) Tax Exempt
School, church, city hall, police, fire… Recreational Industrial
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City Growth: Urban PlanningCity Growth: Urban Planning Includes the built and social environments
of municipalities and communities Building Architecture Landscape Architecture Roads and highways Recreation Education Safety
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Eminent DomainEminent Domain Eminent domain gives the government
the right to possess all property within the state
It was intended to only take private property for public use (roads, utilities)
However it recently has been invoked to take land for commercial businesses like shopping malls
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AnnexationAnnexation It’s the process that transfers parcels of
land from smaller towns to cities For cities it’s a way to continue
growing and developing Towns lose population, territory, and
taxes so it’s often seen as hostile If it’s not done thoughtfully, it can lead
to higher taxes for the city
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America- America- Building for the AutomobileBuilding for the Automobile
One in Eight (12.5%) jobs in the U.S. is directly related to transportation
440,000 public school buses transport 24 million children each day
68.9% of all petroleum used in the US is for transportation
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More Transportation FactsMore Transportation Facts In 2006 there were 8,371,718 miles of
roads in the U.S. (US DOT)
That equals almost 55,000 SQUARE MILES of land used just for roads
This does not include parking lots! Wisconsin’s land area is 54,310 sq
miles
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Automobiles have changed Automobiles have changed the landscapethe landscape
Paving land means that water can’t percolate into the ground water
That water is funneled into lakes and rivers via storm drains
This can destroy aquatic organisms Watertown gets about 30.88 inches of
precipitation annually
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Let’s put that in Perspective… A parking lot is 50 feet by 100 feet The area = 5000 sq feet; times 12 equals 60,000 sq inches Times 30.88 inches of precipitation Equals 1,852,800 cubic inches of water;
divided by 12 equals 154,400 cubic feet; divided by 3 equals 51,466.666 cubic yards of water That’s 10,396,065.03 gallons from that
one parking lot in one year
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Floodplains protect against flooding
FloodplainFloodplain
River at flood stage
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Filling in & building in the floodplain
Floodplain buried by fill Floodplain buried by fill
Flooding inevitable
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Sprawl in WatertownSprawl in Watertown Many of the commercial buildings on Hwy
26 are built on filled-in floodplain The drive-thru for Rocky Rococo’s slid
into the river one week after it opened Now that there is no floodplain, where will
the water go after a flood? We can’t keep allowing this kind of
development without repercussions
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SustainabilitySustainability Sustainability is a characteristic of a
process or state that can be maintained at a certain level indefinitely
Sustainable Development Stephen Wheeler: “Development that improves the long-term social and ecological health of cities and towns."
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Why consider Sustainability?Why consider Sustainability? Urban development creates many problems:
Overuse of natural resourcesEcosystem/ Natural Habitat destructionUrban heat islands and climate changePollutionGrowing inequality in cities (Racism)Poor living conditions & quality of lifeHow can quality of life be made better?
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“Man's heart away from nature becomes hard”
Chief Luther Standing Bear, 1891
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GreenspaceGreenspace Greenspace provides natural areas for
people living in urban areas Greenspaces are multi-functional and
are used by many different people for many different things
It can help deter flooding They also offer habitat for wildlife
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Greenspace: Fukuoka City, Japan
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Greenspace: Piedmont Park, Atlanta
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What can you see in this field?
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Urban Sprawl Urban Sprawl Urban growth without central planning
and control becomes urban sprawl It often starts by building along main roads
and highways Sprawl is made worse by commercial
development like strip malls Provides high visibility for advertising
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Example of Strip MallExample of Strip Mall
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Sprawl Costs Us AllSprawl Costs Us All Allowing sprawl costs taxpayers more than
careful planning and development Cities must provide new infrastructure
(schools, roads, police, fire, gas lines, water and sewer) to serve a dispersed population
These costs are more than the city gets back in tax revenue
All infrastructure needs maintenance
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Sprawl development forces more commuting Driving to work and to the store means we
spend more on fuel and car maintenance Families spend less time together Smart Growth includes a convenient blend of
residential and commercial zoning Smart Growth is sustainable It allows choices of walking or biking to
destinations
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Sprawl happens even in the country
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Sprawl follows the roads
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There is no way to walk to the store with this kind of development
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Conservation DesignConservation Design Randall Arendt is well known designer http://www.landchoices.org/docfilm/arendt_clip1.htm Controlled-growth land use that adopts the principle
that ‘nature knows best’ Allows sustainable development while protecting
the area’s natural features in perpetuity Includes preserving open space and vista, protecting
farmland and natural habitats Maintains the quaint character of rural communities
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Does this look like a healthy place to live?
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Typical DevelopmentTypical Development
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Homes on Large Lots
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Conservation DesignConservation Design
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Smaller lots with more Greenspace
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Common Greenspace Common Greenspace requires a change in requires a change in
thinking…thinking… We need to move past the idea of
exclusive ownership, to some extent We adopt a cooperative philosophy
that sharing these spaces is best for everyone, not just those that can afford large lots
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Subdivision Design Subdivision Design ProjectProject
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Riverwood SubdivisionRiverwood Subdivision Role Play- Zenith Council meeting Riverwood is the oldest part of the
large city Zenith Zenith has a population of 200,000 The following arguments are from
past student responses:
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Pro-DevelopmentPro-Development New jobs More jobs Buildings in disrepair need fixing Hazardous; woods not safe for kids More people means less taxes More income for city services
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Pro-DevelopmentPro-Development Less poverty Better education; more schools Better transportation/ more efficient Modern buildings- energy efficient More things to do; more skate parks,
etc.
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Pro-DevelopmentPro-Development Less welfare Improved technology More sports for kids Sustain professional sports Less dust from dirt roads City can grow better if we start over
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Pro-DevelopmentPro-Development New boat dock ABC will pay to relocate residents Marsh full of garbage More money for parks Offer enough to bring Olympics to
Zenith
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Pro-DevelopmentPro-Development Proposal can change if needed Taller buildings, less land used Modern buildings are cool More tourism; more hotels, casinos More police- safer Increased business connections
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Anti-DevelopmentAnti-Development View will be obstructed Landmarks destroyed Need to keep marsh for wildlife and
flood control Children play in woods More air pollution with development More traffic = more accidents
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Anti-DevelopmentAnti-Development Pay more for insurance Higher taxes Less farmland if developed More noise pollution Transportation problems; traffic jams There is a petition against it
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Anti-DevelopmentAnti-Development More water pollution Not enough residential/ homes Poor land use Architecture not aesthetic More crime More poverty
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Anti-DevelopmentAnti-Development Too many people Buildings too close Not enough greenspace More maintenance/ cost Loss of quaintness
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Anti-DevelopmentAnti-Development More competition for jobs Gangs like bigger cities Waste disposal problems Less outdoor recreation Lose natural beauty
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Anti-DevelopmentAnti-Development Smaller community is family-oriented More boats mean we can’t swim Not as peaceful Won’t be able to fish Modern buildings look ugly
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Now what?Now what? Both sides have valid arguments We should be able to find sound
solutions to these problems
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ConsensusConsensus Achieving consensus requires serious
consideration of every opinion Your job is to create a proposal that
finds a compromise between the pro-development and anti-development factions
You will present your proposal orally
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Victorian Style Architecture
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Greek Revival Style Architecture
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Art Deco Style Architecture
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Modern Architecture
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Spanish Revival Architecture
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Georgian Architecture
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Richardsonian Romanesque Architecture
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Early Colonial Architecture
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Country/ Log Construction