Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for...
-
Upload
rafe-porter -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
1
Transcript of Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for...
![Page 1: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Land Use and human-enviroment interactions in Amazonia
Gilberto CâmaraNational Institute for Space Research (INPE)
FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011
![Page 2: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Agriculture
Energy
Ecosystems
Climate change
Weather and natural disasters
Space technology adds value to Brazil´s natural knowledge economy
Megacities
![Page 3: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Source: Cybermetrics Lab, Spain
INPE: only Brazilian institute in top 40
World Research Centers: Impact and Visibility
![Page 4: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Nature, 29 July 2010
![Page 5: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
ICSU “Grand challenges”
Develop, enhance and integrate the observation systems needed to manage global and regional environmental change.
Improve the usefulness of forecasts of future environmental conditions and their consequences for people.
Determine what institutional, economic and behavioural changes can enable effective steps toward global sustainability.
![Page 7: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
ICSU “Grand challenges”: a bit of ancient wisdom
Be careful what you wish for….
![Page 8: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The challenge: reducing deforestation
![Page 9: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Impact of land change in Brazil’s emissions
![Page 10: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Medium-resolution (5-50 m) earth observation satellites data are global public goods
Earth observation satellites are essential for measuring land change
![Page 11: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
T2 – Loss of smaller trees
How does deforestation happen?T1 – Selective logging
T3 – Loss >50% of forest T4 – Loss >90% of forest
![Page 12: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Floresta
time
dialy deforestation alerts
Yearly rates of clear cuts
INPE’s Monitoring Systems
![Page 13: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Daily warnings of newly deforested large areas
Real-time Deforestation Monitoring
![Page 14: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Result: major reduction in deforestation
Markets? Credit crunch? Coercion? Institutional arrangments?
Markets? Credit crunch? Coercion? Institutional arrangments?
![Page 15: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Markets have a positive rôle
![Page 16: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Policing actions: illegal wood seizure
50% of operations in 2% of the area
![Page 17: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Transparency builds governance!CBERS image
Science (27 April 2007): “Brazil´s monitoring system is the envy of the world”.
DeforestationDegradation
![Page 18: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Jan-April/2011: 126% increase
Keep watching!
![Page 19: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Deforestation hotspots: March-May 2011
![Page 20: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Deforestation hotspots: June-August 2011
![Page 21: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
“By 2020, Brazil will reduce deforestation by 80% relative to 2005.” (pres. Lula in Copenhagen COP-15)
![Page 22: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Market impact of deforestation reduction in Brazil
EU-15 reduction 2005-202020% of 1990 levels
Avoided def Brazil 2005-2020
From 2005 to 2020, avoided deforestation by Brazil would be 2/3 of the total proposed EU-15 cuts
7,7 Gt CO2eq4,9 Gt CO2eq
![Page 23: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
What happened with 720.000 km2 deforested?
First map of land use and land cover of Amazonia
![Page 24: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Agriculture (grains)
![Page 25: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Cleared pasture
![Page 26: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Degraded land
![Page 27: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Class TOTAL (km2)
Clean Pasture 335.714,94 46,7%Secundary Vegetation 150.815,31 21,0%Dirty pasture 62.823,75 8,7%Regeneration with pasture 48.027,37 6,7%Non-observed areas 45.406,27 6,3%Agriculture (large-scale) 34.927,24 4,9%Small farms and settlers 24.416,57 3,4%Urban areas 3.818,14 0,5%Mining 730,68 0,1%Degraded areas 594,19 0,1%Others 477,88 0,1%Desflorestation 2008 11.458,64 1,6%TOTAL 719.210,99
![Page 28: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
The Brazilian Amazon has different institutional arrangements that influence the spatial and temporal patterns of deforestation.
Prediction?
![Page 29: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Governing the commons:institutional arrangments
[Ostrom, Science, 2005]
![Page 30: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Institutional analysis in Amazonia
Identify different agents and try to model their actions
Field work Land change patterns
Land change modelsUrban networks
![Page 31: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Current situation in Amazonia
Araújo e Aguiar (forthcoming)
Tension between different ways of access to market and natural resources, land tenure regimes (private and public/collective) and political forces.
![Page 32: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Landscape model: different rules of behavior at different partitions which also change in time
FRENTE
MEIO
RETAGUARDA
Forest
Not ForestDeforest
River
FRONT
MIDDLE
BACK
SÃO FÉLIX DO XINGU - 2006
![Page 33: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Full and open access to space-based information is indispensable for global
sustainable development
![Page 34: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
“A few satellites can cover the entire globe, but there needs to be a system in place to ensure their images are readily available to everyone who needs them. Brazil has set an important precedent by making its Earth-observation data available, and the rest of the world should follow suit.”
![Page 35: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Environmental issues are best handled with participation of all citizens.
Each individual shall have appropriate access to information concerning the
environment.
RIO-92 Declaration – principle #10
![Page 36: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
RIO + 20: bulding on principles from RIO-92
We need a new convention on the public availability of environmental information
![Page 37: Land Use and human- enviroment interactions in Amazonia Gilberto Câmara National Institute for Space Research (INPE) FAPESP 50 Years Symposium, 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070411/56649f2b5503460f94c467f1/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Thanks to INPE’s team
Deforestation and land cover monitoring: Dalton Valeriano, Claudio Almeida, Luiz Maurano, Isabel
Escada, Silvana Amaral, Mauricio Silva
Land change modelling and institutional analysis:Ana Paula Aguiar, Roberto Araújo, Pedro Andrade,
Luciana Soler, Talita Assis, Sérgio Costa, Patrícia Pinho