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Transcript of Land resources
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LAND RESOURCES
By Mrs. Anushka H. JoshiAssistant Professor (Visiting Faculty)M.Sc Environmental Science
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LAND AS RESOURCE The most important natural resource, upon
which all human activity is based since time immemorial, is land.
Land resource is our basic resource. Throughout history, we have drawn most of
our sustenance and much of our fuel, clothing and shelter from the land.
It is useful to us as a source of food, as a place to live, work and play. It is a productive economic factor in agriculture, forestry, grazing, fishing and mining.
It is considered as a foundation of social prestige and is the basis of wealth and political power
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LAND DEGRADATION Man’s progress towards development has,
however, considerably damaged our land resource base, probably since the dawn of civilization.
Out of the total land area, as many as 175 million hectares suffer from degradation.
Land degradation is caused largely by soil erosion, but also by water logging and excessive salinity.
The most serious threat to the land is posed by deforestation.
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CONTD… The exponentially growing population in the
country has placed immense pressure on the dwindling land resources, endangering the very survival of the biome as a whole.
The high degree of degradation of existing land resources, the changing climate and increasing diversion of land from agricultural to non-agricultural uses have aggravated the problem.
Consequently, the productivity of land has suffered to a great extent, sometimes beyond repair and per capita arable land is also decreasing with the progress of time.
India, being a large agrarian society, has, therefore, an enormous task to meet the growing demands for food, fuel, fiber together with environmental security for its people in the coming years.
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SOIL EROSION
The top soil is precious to all living beings. The top soil is being continuously eroded by
the different natural agents like air and water Accelerated erosion is due to overgrazing,
deforestation, mining Two types of agents cause soil erosion: water
and Wind
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WATER INDUCED EROSION Sheet erosion Rill erosion Gullies or gully erosion Slip erosion Stream bank erosion
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RILL EROSION
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GULLIES ARE LARGER THAN RILLS AND CANNOT BE FIXED BY TILLAGE. GULLY EROSION IS AN ADVANCED STAGE OF RILL EROSION, JUST AS RILLS ARE OFTEN THE RESULT OF SHEET EROSION.
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WIND EROSION Wind erosion, unlike water, cannot be divided
into such distinct types. Surface texture is the best key to wind erosion hazard potential.
Its responsible for 3 types of soil movements SALTATION SUSPENSION SURFACE CREEP
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SOIL CONSERVATION PRACTICES Following types of practices are employed Conservational till farming Contour farming Terracing Strip cropping Alley cropping
Wind breaks or shelter belts
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CONSERVATIONAL TILL FARMING Tillage is the agricultural preparation of the
soil by mechanical agitation of various types, such as digging, stirring, and overturning.
Examples of human-powered tilling methods using hand tools include shoveling, picking, mattock work, hoeing, and raking.
Examples of draft-animal-powered or mechanized work include ploughing etc
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CONTOUR FARMING On gentle slopes horizontal rows of plants Helps slow down run off
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TERRACING Done on steep slopes Extremely efficient to prevent run off. Good in high rainfall areas
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STRIP CROPPING Alternate strips of crops with grasses or grass
legume mixture Run off is retained by strip cover Also helps nitrogen fixing
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ALLEY CROPPING
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SHELTER BELTS OR WIND BREAKS
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WATER LOGGING AND SALINITY Result of excessive irrigation Pore spaces filled with water Roots cannot breath Make continuous column with water When evaporates leaves behind a white crust
of salt Extremely high sodium quantity.
Precious LAND RESOURCE IS WASTED
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LANDSLIDES In this huge masses of land slide down
destroying anything in its path. Various developmental activities like large
dams, reservoirs, construction of roads etc require large scale deforestation.
This increases chances of landslides
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DESERTIFICATION Process of conversion of productive land to arid
or semi arid lands 10-25% drop in productivity in moderate
desertification More than 50% in serious desertification Creates gullies or sand dunes Leads to depletion of ground water, salinization Causes are deforestation, overgrazing and
mining Areas include Saharan Africa, Middle East,
Western Asia, parts of central and south America.
Domino effect
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EQUITABLE USE AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES Most important that everyone get a fare share Currently More Developed Countries (MDC
´s)are using more than Less Developed Countries(LDC´s)
MDCs have less population but use more and pollute more
LDCs have more population but use less and pollute less
Conservation of Natural resources is necessary Individual role most important
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THANK YOU