Land Resource Inventory of Karekal-1 Micro-watershed for Watershed Planning and Development

Shorapur Taluk, Yadgir District, Karnataka (AESR 6.2)

ICAR - National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning, BangaloreWatershed Development Department, Govt. of Karnataka, Bangalore

University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur

UAS Raichur, an exclusive University for

Agricultural Science for Hyderabad-Karnataka (H-K) region,

owing to inimitable climatic conditions and farming activities.

The H-K region comprising Bidar, Kalaburgi, Raichur, Bellary,

Koppal and Yadgir districts (Map), an agrarian area with an

irrigation potentiality of 12 lakh hectares through

Tungabhadra, Krishna, Karanja, Mullamari, Hirehalla,

Bennethore and other irrigation projects, spanning a total

geographical area of 44.96 lakh hectares accounting 33.60

per cent of the geographical area of the state, of which

nearly 68 per cent is under cultivation and has a unique

combination of medium (32.42%) and large farmers

(36.69%). University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur peruses

the needs of Agricultural education to sensitize the farming

community with scientific innovations, short and long terms

way outs for the tribulations faced by the farming community

through Research for growth and sustainability of agriculture

sector and outreaching the technologies to uplift the socio-

economic status of the farming community through strong

Extension linkages. Thus “Greening the life of farming

community through Education, Research and Extension” is

set as the motto.

Citation: Land Resource Assessment of Karekal- 1 of Shorapur Talukof Yadgri District for Integrated Development under Sujala-III Project.

UAS, Raichur Tech. Bull.no.

TO OBTAIN COPIES OF THIS BULLETIN,

Please write to:Director of Research,University of Agricultural Sciences, RaichurRaichur Post Box No: 329, UAS CampusLingsugur Road, Raichur-584 104, Karnataka (India)

Phone : 08532-220154Telefax : 08532-220181E-Mail : druasr@rediffmail.com

Lead Scientist,RS & GIS Lab, SUJALA-III ProjectUniversity of Agricultural Sciences,Raichur-584 102, Karnataka (India)

Phone : 08532-220119E-Mail : sujala3uasr@gmailcom

About USA,Raichur

Chapter Page Chapter Page

Contributors i 6.Land Suitability for Custard Apple 18

How to read and use the atlas ii 6.1.Land Suitability for Guava 19

Physical, Cultural and Scientific symbols used iii 6.2.Land Suitability for Jamun 20

6.3.Land Suitability for Mango 21

1.Introduction 1-2 6.4.Land Suitability for Sapota 22

2.General Description of the Micro-watershed 3-8 7.Soil & Water Conservation Plan 23

2.2.Climate 4 9.Proposed Crop Plan (Table) 24-25

2.3.Geology 5 10.Water Budgeting 26-27

2.4.Satellite Image 6 11.Conclusion 28

2.5.Cadastral map 7

3.Survey Methodology 8

4.The Soils 9-10

4.1.Soil Map Unit Description 10

5.Soil Survey Interpretations 11-17

5.1.Soil Depth 11

5.2.Surface Soil Texture 12

5.3.Soil Gravelliness 13

5.4.Slope 14

5.5.Soil Erosion 15

5.6.Land Capability Classification 16

5.6.1.Land Irrigability Classification 17

5.6.2. Hydrological soil Classification 17

5.6.3. Soil irrigability Classification 17

CONTENTS

Contributors

i

Dr. U. Satish Kumar

Lead Scientist & HOD of Soil & Water Engineering

College of Agriculture Engineering

UAS, Raichur-584102

Mr. Rajesh N. L.

Lead Scientist

KWDP-II, Sujala-III, Agri. College

UAS, Raichur-584102

Field Work, Mapping & Report Preparation

Dr. U. Satish Kumar Dr. M. G. Kulkarni

Mr. Rajesh N. L.

Field Work

Dr. U. Satish Kumar Sh. Basavantaray Biradar

Dr.H.V. Rudramurtha Sh. Hanumesh

Sh. Y.Dharmaraj

Sh. Vinod Kumar

Sh.Yogish Nayak

Sh. Nilesh .R.Biradar

Sh. Shivaraj

Sh. Sunil Kumar

Sh.Ramesh

Sh.Venkatesh

GIS Work

Mr. Rajesh N. L. Smt. Chandralekha

Sh. G. Prabhudev

Sh. Veeresh

Sh. Ambika Balram

Sh. Deepika S

Sh. Jitendra Jegrakal

Sh. Shivraj Karjollmath

Sh. Ambika

Laboratory Analysis

Mr. Rajesh N. L. Smt. Sridevi

Dr. U. Satish Kumar Sh. Vinod Kumar

Sh. Ramkrishna

Socio-economic Analysis

Dr. B. S. Reddy Sh. Mallinath Hemadi

Smt. Laxmi Seelin

Sh. Babasha Naikodi

Sh. Santosh Saibanna

Sh. Narayan Sakare

Soil & Water Conservation

Dr. U. Satish Kumar Sh. Ramesh Challagi

Sh. Sarfaraz

ii

The Land Resource Inventory of Karekal -1 micro-

watershed (Shorapur taluk, Yadgir district) for Watershed Planning (AESR

6.2) was undertaken to provide comprehensive site- specific cadastral

level information useful for farm level planning and integrated

development of the area under Sujala – III, Karnataka Watershed

Development Project- II.

This atlas contains the basic information on kinds of soils,

their geographic distribution, characteristics and classification. The soil

map and soil based thematic maps derived from soils data on soil depth,

soil gravelliness, slope, land suitability for various crops and land use

maps are presented on scale. The maps of fertility status (soil reaction,

organic carbon, 1:17,000 available phosphorus, available potassium,

available sulphur, Exchangeable calcium, available copper, available

manganese, available zinc, available iron, available nitrogen

,Exchangeable magnesium and salinity (EC) on 1:17,000 scale were

derived from grid point sampling of the surface soils from the watershed.

The atlas illustrates maps and tables that depict the soil

resources of the watershed and the need for their sustainable

management.

The user, depending on his/her requirement, can refer

this atlas first by identifying his/her field and survey number on the

village soil map and by referring the soil legend which is provided in

tabular form after the soil map for details pertaining to his/her area of

interest.

The atlas explains in simple terms the different kinds of

soils present in the watershed, their potentials and problems through a

series of thematic maps that help to develop site-specific plans as well as

the need to conserve and manage this increasingly threatened natural

resource through sustainable land use management. The Land Resource

Atlas contains database collected at land parcel/ survey number level on

soils, climate, water, vegetation, crops and cropping patterns, socio-

economic conditions, marketing facilities etc. helps in identifying soil and

water conservation measures required, suitability for crops and other

uses and finally for preparing a viable and sustainable land use options for

each and every land parcel.

For easy map reading and understanding the information

contained in different maps, the physical, cultural and scientific symbols

used in the maps are illustrated in the form of colors, graphics and tables.

How to read and use the Atlas

iii

Each map in the atlas sheet is complemented with the physical, cultural and scientific symbols to facilitate easy map reading.

Physical, Cultural and Scientific symbols used in the Atlas

Inset map

Inset provided in each map conveys its

strategic location i.e. Taluk, Sub-watershed

and Micro-watershed.

Map title

Map title conveys the relevance

of thematic information

presented along with a

graphical scale, geographical

location and watershed details in

text form.

Legends and symbols

Two legends accompany each map, a map

reference, which depicts geographic

features and a thematic legend which

portrays spatial information. Picking up

the symbol and colour enables one to go

to the legends to obtain the required

information.

Map colours

Different shades of colours are used

as an aid to distinguish the different

classes of soils, crop suitability and

other maps.

Map key

There are many thematic types to be

differentiated on the map solely based

on colour. Therefore soils and suitability

types and their limitations are

distinguished by colours with a

combination of alpha-numeric

characters.

Soil Units

The soil map may be read at different

levels. The most detailed level is that of

the soil phase. Soil phases are

distinguished within soil series mainly

based on differences in surface soil

texture, slope, gravelliness, erosion etc.

Land Management Units (LMU)

Grouping of similar soil areas based on their

soil-site characteristics into management

units that respond similarly for a given level

of management are designated as land

management units.

Soil and plot boundaries

Soil units shown on the map are

represented by both the color and a

numeral. The soil boundaries are

superimposed on land parcel with

revenue survey number boundaries

to visualize its spatial extent.

1

LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY OF KAREKAL-1 MICRO-WATERSHED FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENTSHORAPUR TALUK YADGIR DISTRICT, KARNATAKA

A pilot study by UAS, RAICHUR

Land is a scarce resource and basic unit for any material

production. It can support the needs of the growing population, provided they

use land in a rational and judicious manner. But what is happening in many

areas of the state is a cause for concern to anyone involved in the management

of land resources at the grassroots level. The area available for agriculture is

about 51 per cent of the total area and more than 60 per cent of the people are

still relying on agriculture for their livelihood. The limited land area is under

severe pressure due to increased population pressure and competing demands

of various land uses. Due to this, every year there is significant diversion of farm

lands and water resources for non-agricultural purposes. Apart from this, due to

lack of interest in farmers towards farming, in many areas, large tracts of

cultivable lands are turning into fallow and this trend is continuing at an

alarming rate.

Further, land degradation has emerged as a serious problem and

this has already affected about 38.0 lakh ha of cultivated area in the Karnataka

state. Soil erosion alone has degraded about 35.0 lakh ha. Almost all the

uncultivated areas are facing various degrees of degradation, particularly soil

erosion. Salinity and alkalinity (>3.5 lakh ha) has emerged as a major problem in

the irrigated areas of the state. Nutrient depletion and declining of productivity

is common in both rainfed and irrigated areas. The degradation is continuing at

an alarming rate and there appears to be no systematic effort among the

stakeholders to contain this process. In recent times, aberrations of weather

due to climate change phenomenon have added number of additional

constraints and unpredictable situations to be tackled by farmers.

In this critical juncture, the challenge before us is not only to

increase the productivity per unit area, which is steadily declining and showing

a fatigue syndrome, but also to prevent or at least reduce the severity of

degradation. If the situation is not reversed at the earliest, then the

sustainability of the already fragile crop production system and the overall

ecosystem will be badly affected in the state.

The continued neglect and unscientific use of the resources for a long time has

led to the situation observed at present in the state. It is a known fact and

established beyond doubt by many studies in the past that the cause for all

kinds of degradation would be neglect and irrational use of the land resources

that exists at the grassroots level across the state. So any initiative to solve the

problems faced by these areas should also start at that level only. This alone will

help in evolving a rational, site-specific and viable land use options suitable for

each and every farm. To achieve this, we need a detailed site-specific farm level

database on various land resources for Karekal -1 in a time bound manner.

The database required for Farm-Level Planning can be obtained by carrying

out detailed characterization and mapping of all the existing land resources like

soils, climate, water, minerals and rocks, vegetation, crops, land use pattern,

socio-economic conditions, infrastructure, marketing facilities and various

schemes and developmental works of the government. From the data collected

at farm level, the specific problems and potentials of the area can be identified

and highlighted, conservation measures required for the area can be planned

on a scientific footing, suitability of the area for various uses can be worked out

and finally viable and sustainable land use options suitable for each and every

land holding can be prescribed to the farmer and other land users of the area.

The Detailed soil survey and Soil Resource Mapping carried out at 1:17,000

scale. This study aims to provide site specific database for the Karekal -1 ,

Shorapur taluk, Yadgir district under Under World Bank assisted Karnataka

Watershed Development Project, Sujala –III for Integrated Development. The

database was generated by using cadastral map of the karekal-1 as base along

with IRS and Google imagery. The objectives of the land resource survey, carried

out in Karekal-1 covering an area of 782.81

INTRODUCTION

To be continued….

2

The objectives of the land resource survey, carried out in the karekal -1 micro-watershed covering an area of 782.81 ha during

April - May 2015 are indicated below.

Detailed characterization of all the land resources like soil, water, land use, cropping pattern and other

facilities available at parcel level in the Karekal-1.

Delineation of homogeneous areas based on soil-site characteristics into management units.

• Collection and interpretation of climatic and agronomical data for crop planning.

Socio-economic study for identification of factors affecting crop production

Assessment of the suitability of land resources for various crops and other uses.

• Identification of problems and potentials of the area and strategies for their management.

• Assessment of the suitability of land resources for various crops and other uses.

Establishing level digital Karekal-1 land resources database in a GIS framework.

3

karekal -1 micro-watershed ( Shettiger sub-watershed, Shorapur taluk, Yadgir district) is located in between 16 23’12 – 16 25’37 North latitudes and

76 19’39 – 77 21’42 East longitudes, covering an area of about 783 ha, bounded by Maskanal, Nagur, Bopargi, Hagaratgi and uppaldinni villages.

LOCATION AND EXTENT

4

Climate

Annual Rainfall : 680 mm. in the Karekal 1 Kodekal, Yadgir Taluk, Yadgir District

Source: KSRSAC,Bangalore

Length of Growing Period (LGP) is from August 1st Week to 2nd week of November (100-120 days)

Kodekal Hobli, Yadgir Taluk

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52

mm

Weeks

PET

0.5PET

Rainfall

12

5

Geology

GEOLOGY - KARNATAKA STATEKarnataka forms part of the

Peninsular Shield, which is an ancient stableblock of the earth’s crust. The shield iscomposed of geologically ancient rocks ofdiverse origin. These rocks have undergonevarious degrees of metamorphism andcrushing. Overlying these ancient rocks areProterozoic,lete Creteceous to Palaeocene,Palaeocene to Recent, and Recentsediments.

In the stratigraphic succession of rocksin Karnataka the Archaean group is theoldest, followed by Proterozoic, Mesozoicand Cainozoic formations.

6

7

8

Traversing the watershed using cadastral maps and imagery as base

Identifying landforms, geology, land use and other features

Selecting transects representing land units

Opening profiles to 2 m depth

Studying soil and site characteristics

Grouping similar areas based on their soil-site characteristics into land management units

Preparation of crop, soil and water conservation plan

Socio-economic evaluation

The required site and soil characteristics are described and recorded on a standard proforma by following the protocols and

guidelines given in the soil survey manual and field guide. Collection of soil samples from representative pedons for laboratory

characterization and collection of surface soil samples from selected fields covering most of the management units for macro and micro-

nutrient analysis is being carried out ( 250m grid intervals). Further processing of data at chemical lab and GIS lab are carried out to

generate various thematic maps for each of the study area.

SURVEY METHODOLOGY Sequence of activities in generation of LRI

9

Soil_No Soil_Phase Description Area_ha Per_Area

1 DNImC3g0 Dhoni, Deep(100-150 cm), non gravelly, clay, gently steep to steep sloping (3-5%),

Severe erosion. 93 11.86

2 KARkB2g1Karekal, Deep(100-150 cm),gravelly, clay loam,Very gently steep to steep sloping (1-3%),

Moderate erosion. 16 2.11

3 KARmB2g0Karekal, Deep(100-150 cm),non gravelly, clay,Very gently steep to steep sloping (1-3%),

Moderate erosion.

458 58.51

4 NGBmB2g0Nagardhavi, Shallow(25-50 cm), non gravelly, clay,Very gently steep to steep sloping (1-

3%), Moderate erosion. 30 3.77

5 NGBmB3g0Nagardhavi, Shallow(25-50 cm), non gravelly, clay,Very gently steep to steep sloping (1-

3%), Severe erosion. 67 8.53

6 TERmB3g0Thirth, Moderately shallow(50-75 cm), non gravelly, clay,Very gently steep to steep

sloping (1-3%), Severe erosion. 8 1.06

7 TERmB3g0S1

Thirth, Moderately shallow(50-75 cm), non gravelly, clay,Very gently steep to steep

sloping (1-3%), Severe erosion, strong stoniness. 24 3.02

8 TERmC3g2S2

Thirth, Moderately shallow(50-75 cm), very gravelly, clay, gently steep to steep sloping

(3-5%), Severe erosion, very strong stoniness . 14 1.84

9 Others* 73 9.3

10

Mapping unit description of Karekal -1 (4D7A3I1d) Micro-watershed in Shorapur taluk & Yadgir district

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

32

Proposed Crop Plan for Kaerkal-1 Micro-watershed, Shorapur Taluk and Yadgir District based on soil-site–crop suitability Assessment

To be continued….. 24

LMUMapping

unit

Survey

numberCharacters

Crops proposed

Suitable

InterventionField cropsForestry

Crop/Grasses

Horticulture crops

(Rainfed Condition)

Horticulture crops

with suitable

intervention

LMU - 1 NGBmB2g0,

NGBmB3g0,

moderate to

poorly

managed

Karekal -1-

392,380,390,3

83,368,365 -

Maskanal

353,313 -

Hagaratagi.

Nagardhavi,

Shallow (25-

50 cm), non

gravelly, clay,

Very gently

sloping (1-

5%),

moderate

toSevere

erosion.

Sajje, Navane, Black

gram, Green gram and

minor oil seeds, pulses,

Simaruba,

Glyricidia,

Subabul, Butea

Neem, banni,

banyan, ber,

Grasses:

Styloxanthes

hamata,

styloxanthes

scabra, Hybrid

Napier, Sesbania,

Khus grass

Fruit crops:

Custard apple,

Tamarind,Ber,

Vegetables:

clusterbean,

bhendi, Phundi

Flowers:

Gaillardia, Spider

lilly, jasmine etc

Guava, custard apple,

Tamarind, Lime,

pammelo,jamun,Ber,Veg

: Onion, Tomato, Brinjal,

Chilli, Bhendi

Flowers-Gaillardia,

marigold, jasmine, etc

Deep and

wider size

furrows across

the slope,

Drip irrigation

with suitable

soil and water

conservation

measures

Cultivation on

raised bunds,

to be manage

regularly as

soil erosion is

severe

LMU - 2 TERmC3g2S2,

TERmC3g0S1

Karekal -1-

384,381,392,3

84,382,383-

Maskanal.

Thirth,

Moderately

shallow(50-75

cm),

moderate

gravelly and

stony, clay,

very gently to

gently

sloping (3-

5%), severe

erosion

Crops: Sorghum, cotton,

Red gram, Sajje,

Navane, Black gram,

Green gram and minor

oil seeds, pulses,

Simaruba,

Glyricidia,

Subabul, Butea

Neem, banni,

banyan, ber,

Grasses:

Styloxanthes

hamata,

styloxanthes

scabra, Hybrid

Napier, Sesbania,

Khus grass

Fruit crops:

Custard apple,

Tamarind,Ber,

Vegetables:

clusterbean,

bhendi, Phundi

Flowers:

Gaillardia, Spider

lilly, jasmine etc

Guava, custard apple,

Tamarind, Lime,

pammelo,jamun,Ber,Veg

: Onion, Tomato, Brinjal,

Chilli, Bhendi

Flowers-Gaillardia,

marigold, jasmine, etc

Deep and

wider size

furrows across

the slope,

Drip irrigation

with suitable

soil and water

conservation

measures

Cultivation on

raised bunds,

to be manage

regularly as

soil erosion is

severe

25

LMU Mapping unit Survey number Characters

Crops proposed

Suitable

InterventionField cropsForestry

Crop/Grasses

Horticulture crops

(Rainfed Condition)

Horticulture crops

with suitable

intervention

LMU -

3

KARmB2g0,

KARmB2g1,

KARmB3g0,

Moderately

managed.

379,378,377,384,

385/1,383,390,37

6,386,387,375,36

7,366,375,374,37

3,372,371,368,36

5,367,366,264,36

6,365- Maskanal

346,356,343,347,

342,341,339,348,

350,317,316,315,

301-hagaratagi

Budihal,

Hagaratagi,

Karekal,

moderately

deep to deep

(75-100 &100-

150 cms), very

gently sloping

1-3%,

moderate

erosion

Soil crop;

sorghum, Bajra, Navni,

green gram, cotton, red

gram, Sun flower Bengal

gram, …etc major crop is

red gram and cotton

followed by sorghum

Simaruba,

Glyricidia,

Subabul, Butea

Neem, banni,

banyan, ber,

Grasses:

Styloxanthes

hamata,

styloxanthes

scabra, Hybrid

Napier,

Sesbania, Khus

grass

Fruit: Custerd apple,

Sapota Guava crops:

Custard, Guha,

Jamun, drum stick,

Papaya,

Vegetables:

clusterbean, bhendi,

Phundi, corander,

onion, chilli, lab lab,

brinjal

Flowers:

marigold, jasmine,

Guava, custard

apple,Tamarind,

sapota,jamun,Ber,

Veg: Onion,

Tomato, Brinjal,

Chilli, Bhendi, lab

lab, coriander, and

green leafs, curry

leaf.

Flowers-Gaillardia,

marigold,

Deep and wider

size furrows and

staggered pits,

Drip irrigation

with suitable soil

and water

conservation

measures to

control srever,

erosion

Cultivation on

raised bunds with

mulches and drip.

LMU -

4

TERmB3g0 380,379 -

maskanal

Budihal, Tirth,

shallow to

Moderately

shallow, (50-

75cm) & (75-

100 cm), non

gravelly , clay,

Very gently to

gently sloping

(1-5%), Severe

erosion

Crops: Sorghum, cotton,

Red gram, Sajje, Navane,

Black gram, Green gram

and minor oil seeds,

pulses,

Simaruba,

Glyricidia,

Subabul, Butea

Neem, banni,

banyan, ber,

Grasses:

Styloxanthes

hamata,

styloxanthes

scabra, Hybrid

Napier,

Sesbania, Khus

grass

Fruit crops:

Custard apple,

Tamarind,Ber,

Vegetables:

clusterbean, bhendi,

Phundi

Flowers:

Gaillardia, Spider lilly,

jasmine etc

Guava, custard

apple, Tamarind,

Lime,pammelo,jam

un,Ber,Veg: Onion,

Tomato, Brinjal,

Chilli, Bhendi

Flowers-Gaillardia,

marigold, jasmine,

etc

Deep and wider

size furrows

across the slope,

Drip irrigation

with suitable soil

and water

conservation

measures

Cultivation on

raised bunds, to

be manage

regularly as soil

erosion is severe

35

LMU Mapping

unit

Survey

numberCharacters

Suitable

InterventionField cropsForestry

Crop/Grasses

Horticulture crops

(Rainfed Condition)

Horticulture crops

with suitable

intervention

LMU -

5

DNImC3G0,

Poorly to

unmanaged

356,346,345,34

4,2,9,343,342,3

41,340/2,340/1

,337,335,333,3

32,331,330/2,3

29/1,329/2,322

,321/1,321/2,3

00 - Hagaratagi

Dhoni,

Deep(100-150

cm), non

gravelly, clay,

gently sloping

(3-5%)

Moderate

erosion

Soil crop;

sorghum, Bajra, Navni,

green gram, cotton, red

gram, Sun flower Bengal

gram, …etc major crop is

red gram and cotton

followed by sorghum

Simaruba,

Glyricidia,

Subabul, Butea

Neem, banni,

banyan, ber,

Grasses:

Styloxanthes

hamata,

styloxanthes

scabra, Hybrid

Napier, Sesbania,

Khus grass

Fruit crops:

Custard apple,

Tamarind,Ber, ,Aonla

Vegetables:

clusterbean, bhendi,

Phundi

Flowers:

Gaillardia, Spider

lilly

Guava, custard apple,

Tamarind, Lime,

pammelo,jamun,Ber,Veg:

Onion, Tomato, Brinjal,

Chilli, Bhendi

Flowers-Gaillardia,

marigold,

Deep and

wider size

furrows across

the slope,

Drip irrigation

with suitable

soil and water

conservation

measures

Cultivation on

raised bunds,

to be manage

regularly

26

WATER BUDGETTING

To be continued…..

Karekal -1 Micro-watershed, Shorapur Taluk (4D7A11e : Area – 782.81 )

Example:Catchment Details: Area = 782.81 ha Average annual rainfall = 680 mm

Slope = 1- 5% No. of runoff producing rainfall = 18Total depth runoff = 163.35 mm

(Run off producing Rainy day : A day with > 2o mm depth Rain)

A. QUANTITY OF RUNOFF PRODUCED:= (catchment area ha x 10000) x (depth of runoff, mm/1000) = 782.81 x 10000 x 163.35/1000= 12,78,720 m3

B. QUANTITY OF WATER STORED BEHIND GRADED BUNDS(0.3m depth of impounding): = (Bund length x cross section area) x area of watershed = 150 (m) (1/2 x10(m) x 0.3(m)) x 782.81= 1,76,132.25 m3

C. QUANTITY OF RUNOFF AVAILABLE AS EXCESS (for water harvesting): = Runoff generation - runoff stored against bunding system= 12,78,720.10-1,76,132.25= 11,02,587.89 m3

D. RUNOFF EXCESS AVAILABLE FOR WATER HARVESTING per ha per year: = Quantity of excess runoff water/ area of watershed=11,02,587.89 /782.81= 1408.50 m3 /ha

27

Runoff excess/ha/yr = 1408.50m3

@ 70% probability runoff excess(1,175-(1,175 X 0.7)) = 422.55 m3 /ha

Average water requirement for annual horticulture crop = 5000 m3 /ha

Additional area could be brought under irrigation = 70% probability runoff excess / Average water required for annual horticulture crop.

= 422.55/5000= 0.10 ha. Per ha.

28

CONCLUSION

• Deep soils(100-150 cm) account for 567 ha (72%),and Moderately deep(75-100 cm) account for 46 ha(6%) They are High in available water capacity and can support two rainfed crops. These soils are distributed mostly in the Northen eastern part of micro watershed covering parts of Maskanal, Nagur, Bopargi, Hagaratgi and uppaldinni

• Non gravelly(<15%) Soil occupy about 679 ha (87%) and gravelly(15-35%) about 16 ha (2%) of the area. They need specific andsoil water conservation measures. They are distributed in the north eastern part of the microwatershed occurring in Maskanal, Nagur, Bopargi, Hagaratgi and uppaldinni .

• Gently sloping(3-5%slope) and Very gently sloping (1-3% slope) lands occupy about 107 ha(13%) and 603 ha(77%) respectively .These areas require proper soil and water conservation measures to arrest soil erosion.

• Moderate erosion areas occupy about 504 ha(64%) and Severely erosion areas occupy 206 ha(26%) respectively . They require proper soil and water conservation measures to minimise the soil erosion losses.

• About 567 ha(72%) of the area is Highly suitable and about 46(5%) area is Moderately Suitable and 520 ha(65%) area is Marginally Suitable for Custard apple ,Guva, mango,sapota and jamun due to limitations of depth, gravell, texture, slope and erosion.

•About 73 ha(9 %) of area is Currently not suitable for Custard apple ,Guva, mango, sapota and jamun due to limitations of depth, gravell, texture, slope and erosion.

• Good cultivable land area occupy about 474 ha(60%) , Moderately good cultivable land occupy about 30(3%) and Fairly good cultivation land area occupy about 206(26%) respectively, In land capability classes.