LAND EXPLORERSLAND EXPLORERS

CHAPTER 4CHAPTER 4

Lewis and Clark ExpeditionLewis and Clark Expedition

Most important Most important event in Pacific event in Pacific Northwest historyNorthwest history

What made the Lewis What made the Lewis and Clark expedition and Clark expedition

possible?possible?

French RevolutionFrench Revolution

1789 people of France 1789 people of France rebelled against Marie rebelled against Marie Antoinette and King Antoinette and King Louis the XVILouis the XVI

Both were executed in Both were executed in 17931793

““Reign of Terror” – Reign of Terror” – struggle for control of struggle for control of government-- anarchygovernment-- anarchy

Napoleon BonaparteNapoleon Bonaparte

Gains control of France in Gains control of France in 17991799

In 1801 declares himself In 1801 declares himself emperor of French republicemperor of French republic

Tries to restore prestige of Tries to restore prestige of CharlemagneCharlemagne

1803 gains control of 1803 gains control of Louisiana Territory from Louisiana Territory from SpainSpain

U.S. Foreign Policy changeU.S. Foreign Policy change

France seen as France seen as serious problem for serious problem for U.S.U.S.

Control of New Control of New Orleans could hinder Orleans could hinder trade along trade along Mississippi– main Mississippi– main trade route of trade route of Western U.S.Western U.S.

How was the land acquired?How was the land acquired?Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase

Jefferson sent 3 man delegation to Paris to buy Western Jefferson sent 3 man delegation to Paris to buy Western Florida and New Orleans for maximum of $7 millionFlorida and New Orleans for maximum of $7 million

Napoleon offers all of Louisiana for $15 millionNapoleon offers all of Louisiana for $15 million Jefferson agrees and buys Louisiana for 3 cents per/acreJefferson agrees and buys Louisiana for 3 cents per/acre

What did Jefferson want Lewis What did Jefferson want Lewis and Clark to accomplish on the and Clark to accomplish on the

trip?trip?1.1. Collect scientific information on plants and Collect scientific information on plants and

animals of regionanimals of region2.2. Accurately map regionAccurately map region3.3. Find a river route across America.Find a river route across America.4.4. Become friends with Indians of regionBecome friends with Indians of region5.5. Determine extent of Louisiana PurchaseDetermine extent of Louisiana Purchase6.6. Strengthen U.S. claim to PNWStrengthen U.S. claim to PNW

What was the Corps of What was the Corps of Discovery?Discovery?

Lewis and Clark were Lewis and Clark were leadersleaders

Left St. Louis, Missouri Left St. Louis, Missouri on May 14, 1804on May 14, 1804

Corps of Discovery Corps of Discovery included 33 men– made included 33 men– made whole trip– approx 45 whole trip– approx 45 startedstarted

Traveled up Missouri Traveled up Missouri RiverRiver

Winter 1804-1805Winter 1804-1805 Spent winter amongst Spent winter amongst

Mandan Indians at Fort Mandan Indians at Fort MandanMandan

Hired Toussaint Hired Toussaint Charbonneau as guide and Charbonneau as guide and interpreter– worthless hireinterpreter– worthless hire

Young Shoshone Indian Young Shoshone Indian named Sacajawea– wife of named Sacajawea– wife of Charbonneau-was a more Charbonneau-was a more valuable guidevaluable guide

Spring 1805Spring 1805 Sent Keelboat back to St. Louis with artifacts and samples Sent Keelboat back to St. Louis with artifacts and samples

collected alreadycollected already 33 men leave Fort Mandan and begin travel up the 33 men leave Fort Mandan and begin travel up the

Missouri RiverMissouri River Arrived at Great Falls of Missouri– series of 5 waterfallsArrived at Great Falls of Missouri– series of 5 waterfalls

Took 12 days to portage 18 miles Took 12 days to portage 18 miles

Three Forks of MissouriThree Forks of Missouri

Here is where expedition hoped to meet up with Shoshone Here is where expedition hoped to meet up with Shoshone IndiansIndians

3 forks3 forks Madison River– named after Secretary of StateMadison River– named after Secretary of State Gallatin River– after secretary of TreasuryGallatin River– after secretary of Treasury Jefferson River– PresidentJefferson River– President

Met up with Shoshones– band was led by Cameawhait– Met up with Shoshones– band was led by Cameawhait– Sacajaweas brotherSacajaweas brother

Crossing the Rocky MountainsCrossing the Rocky Mountains Traded for horses with Traded for horses with

CameawhaitCameawhait Traveled through pass they Traveled through pass they

called Lemhi Passcalled Lemhi Pass Hired Indian guide called Hired Indian guide called

“Old Toby”—he got them “Old Toby”—he got them lost in Bitterroot Mountainslost in Bitterroot Mountains

Came out of mountains Came out of mountains starving– had eaten horses, starving– had eaten horses, dog, and even candlesdog, and even candles

Nez Perce nursed them back Nez Perce nursed them back to health– helped them build to health– helped them build canoescanoes

What happened to the Corps in What happened to the Corps in the Pacific Northwest?the Pacific Northwest?

Traveled by canoe down Traveled by canoe down the Clearwater River to the Clearwater River to the Snake River then to the Snake River then to the Columbiathe Columbia

Traveled on Washington Traveled on Washington side of Columbia—side of Columbia—portaged around Celilo portaged around Celilo FallsFalls

Finally reached Pacific Finally reached Pacific Ocean in November Ocean in November 18051805

Fort ClatsopFort Clatsop

Established camp at Station Established camp at Station Camp on Northern bank of Camp on Northern bank of ColumbiaColumbia

After series of storms, and After series of storms, and lack of success hunting, lack of success hunting, Corps took advice of local Corps took advice of local tribes and moved to tribes and moved to Southern shore of Southern shore of ColumbiaColumbia

Established Fort Clatsop Established Fort Clatsop and remained their winter and remained their winter of 1805-06of 1805-06

Return TripReturn Trip

Hoped to meet with trading ship– weather Hoped to meet with trading ship– weather inhibited meeting– 6 clear days in 3 monthsinhibited meeting– 6 clear days in 3 months

Left Clatsop in MarchLeft Clatsop in March Reversed the route of their journey westReversed the route of their journey west Returned to Nez Perce land and using the Returned to Nez Perce land and using the

horses they had left earlier re-crossed Rocky horses they had left earlier re-crossed Rocky Mountains– Lewis and Clark Pass Mountains– Lewis and Clark Pass

Expedition splitExpedition split Lewis took half and explored Marias RiverLewis took half and explored Marias River Clark took rest and explored Yellowstone River Clark took rest and explored Yellowstone River

Was the trip successful?Was the trip successful?

Met up at confluence of Yellowstone and Met up at confluence of Yellowstone and Missouri RiversMissouri Rivers

Arrived in St. Louis on September 23, 1806Arrived in St. Louis on September 23, 1806 Most successful expedition in our historyMost successful expedition in our history Met 5 of 6 goalsMet 5 of 6 goals Each member of Corps got 320 acres of landEach member of Corps got 320 acres of land Lewis got 1600 and Clark got 1000 acres of Lewis got 1600 and Clark got 1000 acres of

land– Lewis refused until Clark got the sameland– Lewis refused until Clark got the same

After the expeditionAfter the expedition

George Drewyer, John Colter, and John Potts become George Drewyer, John Colter, and John Potts become fur tradersfur traders

Colter discovers Yellowstone Park– “Colter’s Hell”Colter discovers Yellowstone Park– “Colter’s Hell” Sacajawea supposedly died in 1812– woman claiming Sacajawea supposedly died in 1812– woman claiming

to be her died in 1880’s at Wind River Reservation in to be her died in 1880’s at Wind River Reservation in Wyoming amongst the ShoshonesWyoming amongst the Shoshones

York– Clark’s slave was freed and became successful York– Clark’s slave was freed and became successful freight hauling businessfreight hauling business

Charles Floyd only man to die on expedition– Charles Floyd only man to die on expedition– ruptured appendixruptured appendix

LewisLewis

Appointed Governor of Louisiana Territory– Appointed Governor of Louisiana Territory– not a politiciannot a politician

Accused of misusing money– had to pay out Accused of misusing money– had to pay out of pocketof pocket

On trip to Washington, D.C. died at inn near On trip to Washington, D.C. died at inn near Natchez Trace– suicide or murder??Natchez Trace– suicide or murder??

ClarkClark

Made Indian agent for Louisiana Territory and Made Indian agent for Louisiana Territory and later Governorlater Governor

Compiled maps of Western U.S. throughout Compiled maps of Western U.S. throughout careercareer

Married girl that he named Judith River after– Married girl that he named Judith River after– her first name was really Juliaher first name was really Julia

British ExplorersBritish Explorers All were employees of English owned NorthWest Fur CompanyAll were employees of English owned NorthWest Fur Company Most work done in present day British Columbia and WashingtonMost work done in present day British Columbia and Washington Three employees:Three employees:

Alexander MacKenzieAlexander MacKenzie Simon FraserSimon Fraser David ThompsonDavid Thompson

Alexander MacKenzieAlexander MacKenzie

Looking for source of Columbia RiverLooking for source of Columbia River Follows river – MacKenzie River– empties too far northFollows river – MacKenzie River– empties too far north Follows and maps Upper Fraser RiverFollows and maps Upper Fraser River Follows and Maps Bella Coola River Follows and Maps Bella Coola River Becomes first European to walk across North America north Becomes first European to walk across North America north

of Mexico in 1793of Mexico in 1793 Heavy influence on Lewis and ClarkHeavy influence on Lewis and Clark

Simon FraserSimon Fraser

1806 Discovered 1806 Discovered main course of main course of Fraser River– Fraser River– empties near empties near present day present day Vancouver B.C.Vancouver B.C.

David ThompsonDavid Thompson Mapped out 1 million Mapped out 1 million

square miles of western square miles of western CanadaCanada

Discovered source of Discovered source of Columbia in 1807 in Columbia in 1807 in S.E. British ColumbiaS.E. British Columbia

1810-Founded Spokane 1810-Founded Spokane House-first fur trading House-first fur trading post in WApost in WA