Land Degradation Neutrality National Report 2015 Land Degradation... · 2016. 5. 23. ·...

1NAMIBIA – Land Degradation Neutrality National Report 2015

NAMIBIA –Land Degradation Neutrality

National Report2015

REPUBLIC OF NAMIBIAMinistry of Environment & Tourism

Namibia LDN Country Report.indd 1 07/10/2015 12:09 PM

2 NAMIBIA – Land Degradation Neutrality National Report 2015


This report summarizes the key outcomes of national efforts carried out in 2014 and 2015 towards putting in practice the land degradation neutrality concept. The LDN project, which was sponsored by the Republic of Korea, was carried out with the support of the UNCCD Secretariat and implemented in partnership with the Joint Research Center of the European Commission and CAP 2100 International.

August 2015

NAMIBIA –Land Degradation Neutrality

National Report2015




TABLE OF CONTENT

Foreword ..........................................................................................................................5

Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................6

1. LDN National Voluntary Targets and Strategy ..............................................................7

2. Different Critical Processes and their Corresponding Key Drivers ...............................8

3. National Land Management Plan ...............................................................................13

4. LDN Centered NAP SWOT Analysis ...........................................................................16

5. National Map of Selected LDN Hotspots ...................................................................18

6. Optional Section:

Part 1: Presentation of the LDN national working group and key milestones .....20

Part 2: Who, Where, and When ...........................................................................21

Part 3: Legal Regulatory Framework ....................................................................21

Part 4: LDN Monitoring, Reporting, Evaluation and Verification System .............23

Part 5: Budget and Financing Plan ......................................................................24

Back Page: National LDN Working group ......................................................................25



FOREWORD

The arid environment of the Republic of Namibia is very sensitive to the negative impacts of land degradation, and restoration and rehabilitation of degraded land is particularly difficult and can only be achieved over the long term. Committing to maintaining the land degradation levels in Namibia at specific levels is crucial for protecting our vital ecosystems that support all aspects of the Namibian economy and the livelihood of our people.

The concept of Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) was developed in 2012 at the UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20). The recently adopted post-2015 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) incorporate land degradation under Goal 15 on the “Protection and promotion of sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, halt desertification, land degradation and biodiversity loss”, and target 15.3 refers to striving to “achieve a land degradation neutral world”. Namibia, as a signatory to the UNCCD, developed its third National Action Programme (NAP3) for the implementation of the UNCCD during the period 2014-2024. The NAP3 takes cognisance of LDN and it has integrated LDN objectives in its targets aimed at reducing land degradation.

The UNCCD Secretariat implemented the “Towards achieving Land Degradation Neutrality: turning the concept into practice” project in 2014/2015. The project was funded by the Government of the Republic of Korea and 15 member countries took part. The aim of the project was to assist the participating countries to develop LDN targets. The long term objective of the project was to “contribute to helping UNCCD country Parties to reach an agreement by 2017, i.e. by the thirteenth session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 13), where every country adopts its own national voluntary target to achieve land degradation neutrality, and reports to the COP every two years on implementation of the national programme and the progress made towards in achieving such a target”.

Namibia assumed the COP presidency in 2013 and has as such been a strong participant in the LDN project. The LDN targets and implementation strategy set out in this document will be aligned with the implementation strategy of the NAP3.

I would like to thank the Government of the Republic of Korea for their financial support of this project and the UNCCD for their efficient organization of the project. I also thank all the members of the National Sustainable Land Management Committee (SLMC) who diligently participated and gave their inputs to this project. The thorough review of this report by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für International Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) and their support for its printing is also acknowledged.

The Ministry of Environment and Tourism, along with our stakeholders and partners, will work tirelessly to translate the targets set out in this document into reality. This will help maintain Namibia at the forefront of international efforts to arrest and reverse land degradation and help us contribute to the eventual creation of a global future that we all want.

_______________Pohamba ShifetaMinister of Environment and Tourism



ABBREVIATIONS

DLDD Desertification, Land Degradation and DroughtGIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für International ZusammenarbeitHDI Human Development IndexJRC-EU Joint Research Center of the European UnionLD Land DegradationLDN Land Degradation NeutralityLDN-MREV Land Degradation Neutrality Monitoring, Reporting, Evaluation

and VerificationMLR Ministry of Land ReformNAP3 National Action Programme of Namibia for the implementation

of the United Nation Convention to Combat DesertificationNBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Action PlanSGDs United Nations Sustainable Development GoalsSLM Sustainable Land ManagementSLM-SC Sustainable Land Management Steering CommitteeSOC Soil Organic CarbonUNCCD United Nation Convention to Combat Desertification



1. LDNNationalVoluntaryTargetsandStrategy

The essence of the national voluntary targetsThe aim of the voluntary national Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) targets will be to help combine all local and national actions related to the prevention of land degradation (LD) in Namibia into a united set of targets. The targets were set using 2000 as the LD base year.

Country statistics in briefIndexTotal area 827 700 km2 (82 Mill ha)

Total population 2.1 Mill (2011 census)

Rural population 900,000.00

Urban populatibon 1.2 Mill

Cultivated area 300,000 ha (Commercial); 8.2 Mill ha (Rural areas)

Nature conservation area 36 Mill ha (360 000 km2)

GDP (per capita) 5,600 USD

Human Development Index (HDI) 0.624

Key strategic implementation actions/measures to achieve the set voluntary targets:

ØEstablish a LDN specific position in the Ministry of Environment and Tourism, on a long term project contract basis (10 year cycles) or within the civil service structure

ØAlign the Tables of Key Outcomes and Outputs in the National Action Programme (NAP3) for UNCCD implementation in relation to the LDN implementation strategy set out here

ØDevelop a LD specific legislation or review and strengthen LD in current LD related legislations

ØObtain funding for LDN activities from the national ministerial budgets through the National Planning Commission; obtain further funding from donor agencies

ØDevelop new innovative funding mechanisms for LDN activities, e.g.: Increase or decrease of taxes in relation to LD activities; Payment for ecosystem services; LD special penalties; Private sector funding.

ØDevelop a clear long term LDN awareness campaign at national and local levelØEstablish LDN monitoring systems as targeted in the NAP3ØPromote LD related research activities and increase LD related research abilities ØIntegrate LDN related aspects into the Integrated Regional Land Use PlansØsupport community based conservation and sustainable agriculture

managementØImplement targeted LD prevention actions at land degradation “hot spots”



Targets

ØReforest and increase the productivity of 13.8 km2 (1380 ha) forests that have been converted into croplands or shrubs, grasslands and sparse vegetation by 2040

ØImprove the productivity of the 414,3 km2 (41 430 ha) forest area currently showing early signs of decline and having declining productivity by 2030

ØImprove the productivity of 104 013 km2 (10,4 M ha) of shrubs, grasslands and sparsely vegetated areas currently showing signs of declining productivity by 2040

ØImprove the productivity of 14 849 km2 (1.5 M ha) of cropland by 2035ØReduce bush encroachment on 18 880 km2 (1,9 M ha) by 2040ØMaintain the current soil organic carbon levels beyond 2040: Forests at 17 t/

ha; Shrubs, grasslands, sparsely vegetated land, Cropland at 14 t/ha; Wetlands at 16 t/ha

2. DifferentCriticalProcessesandtheirCorrespondingKeyDrivers

In 1997 Klintenberg and Seely (2004) produced a land degradation risk map of Namibia (Figure 1) based on four indicators: population pressure, livestock density/pressure, rainfall and erosion hazards. According to the NAP3 document, the major driving forces of land degradation in Namibia are: poverty in rural areas; population pressure; land management policies; unsustainable use of water; limited capacity and cross sectoral collaborations to effectively prevent land degradation; limited financial and technical resources and climate change.

Figure 1. Namibia’s land degradation risk map of 1997 by Klintenberg and Seely (2004).



A survey among the Sustainable Land Management Committee members on the causes of land degradation revealed extra factors contributing to land degradation in Namibia. The survey also revealed the degree to which these factors contribute to land degradation (Figure 2). The survey identified over grazing and population pressure as having the greatest contribution to land degradation and that land management policies (specifically resettlement farms) had the lowest contribution. Namibia’s cattle rearing culture, including the meaning and status associated with owning many cattle, was also identified as a major background factor driving overgrazing and leading to land degradation (Figure 2). It is therefore necessary to address these cultural views of animal husbandry, in addition to tackling all other LD causing factors for the achievement of land degradation neutrality in Namibia.

Data from the Joint Research Center of the European Union (JRC-EU) showed that the actual loss of forests in Namibia for the past 10 years (2000 – 2010) is only 1380 ha (Figure 3). However, the land productivity dynamics (annual summer vegetation productivity) between 1998 to 2013 showed that the land productivity on 44 816 km2 (4 million ha or 6 % of total national surface area) has decreased. Therefore, although a small amount of forest area has been lost over the last 10 years, the vegetation productivity potential has been decreasing and land degradation has therefore been increasing. Soil organic carbon (SOC) content gives an indication of the “health” of ecosystems, the more there is the healthier the ecosystem. Namibian SOC content is about 4 – 18 t/ha (Figure 5). Increasing this value will require tremendous efforts including increasing vegetation cover while providing conducive conditions for soil fauna to flourish. Changing the SOC content therefore is a long term effort that will also require actual changes in local climate including increasing rainfall and it can only be achieved through long term strategic efforts. These efforts will have to include changes in our very cultures that drive our negative impact on our environment.

Figure 2. Drivers of land degradation in Namibia, as categorised by the National Sustainable Land Management Committee



Figure 3. Land cover/use change in Namibia from 2000 to 2010 (data from the JRC-EU).



Figure 4. Land productivity dynamics in Namibia, 1998 – 2013 (data from the JRC-EU)



Figure 5. Soil organic carbon in Namibia, 1960 - 1990 (Data from the JRC-EU)



3. NationalLandManagementPlan

Section 3 aims at presenting the national land management plan. It has 2 parts: summary tables and a strategic framework

Summary tables

Table 1 - Presentation of national basic data using the LDN indicators framework

Land-Use Category

Land area (2000)

Land area (2010)

Net change in area (2000-2010)

Net land productivity change (sq km, 2000-2010)Soil organic carbon (2010)

sq km sq km sq km DecliningEarly stage of declining

Stable but stressed

Stable not stressed

Increas-ing ton/ha

Forest land 1575.20 1561.40 -13.80 61.1 353.2 21.2 1072.0 53.9 17Shrubs, grasslands and sparsely vege-tated areas 665162.10 665167.50 5.40 40995.30 103964.70 3190.60 480142.1 18857.6 14Cropland 40199.50 40207.90 8.40 434.00 1421.60 91.40 32829.4 5391.5 14Wetlands and wa-ter bodies 7242.70 7242.70 0.00 481.80 69.30 182.90 5459.3 243.2 16Artificial areas 443.00 443.00 0.00 47.50 26.60 0.00 324.8 6.4 12Bare land and other areas 113141.90 113141.90 0.00 2796.80 2376.30 229.20 26788.3 9.1 10 Balancing term 0,00 0,00 0,00 Total 827764.40 827764.40 0,00



Table2 -Targetsetting

Negativetrends Area(sqkm)

Correctivemea-sures

LDNtarget Invest-mentsrequired(MUSD)*

Area(sqkm) Time(year)

Conversion of forests into shrubs, grasslands and sparsely vegetated areas (12) with declin-ing productivity (1)

5.3

Reforestation with local spe-cies

-5.3 2030

4.8 Conversion of forests into cropland (13) with early signs of declining productivity (2) or sta-ble and not stressed (4) 8.5

Reforestation with local spe-cies

-8.5 2040 7.7Forest (11) showing early signs of decline (2) and having a declin-ing productivity (1)

414.30

Avoiding further decline of forest though econom-ic incentives (Re-habilitation) -414.30 2030

124

Shrubs, grasslands and sparsely vegetation (22) showing early signs of decline (2)

104,013.50

SLM practices to avoid overgraz-ing

-104,013.00

2040

728

SLM practices to avoid soil ero-sionConsider enforc-ing compensa-tion

Cropland (33) showing declining productivity (1) and early signs of decline (2)

14,849.00

Use agroforestry practices to im-prove cropland productivity -14,849.00 2035 1,039

Shrubs, grasslands and sparsely vegetation (22) increasing productivity (5)*

18,880.20

Introduce finan-cial viable alter-native options for the preven-tion of bush en-croachment -18,880.20 2040 47

TOTAL 1939.2



* Costs estimations M USD = Million USD; (1 sq km = 100 ha): ØReforestation to USD 9000/ha or USD 900 000/sq km (3 Summers et al., 2015)ØRehabilitation (estimated at +/- 1/2 of reforestation costs) = USD 3000/ha or

USD 300,000/sq km (2 European Commission, 2012)ØSLM practices = 70 USD/ha or USD 7,000/sq km (2 European Commission, 2012) ØBushing-clearing = +/- USD 25/ha or USD 2,500/sq km (http://www.africat.org/

support/support-an-africat-project/500m2-bush-clearing)ØAgroforestry systems = +/- USD 700/ha or USD 70,000/sq km (1 de Souze et

al., 2012)

Costing sources:

1 De Souza AN, Joaquim MJ, De Souza SN and Belknap JE. 2012. Economic feasibility of an eucalyptus agroforestry system in Brazil, Global perspectives on sustainable forest management, Dr. Clement A. Okia (Ed.), ISBN: 978-53-51-0569-5, inTech.

2 European Commission, 2012. Project DESIRE-Project no. 037046. Desertification mitigation and remediation of land – a global approach for local solutions. Sixth Framework Programme, Sub-priority 1.1.6.3 Global change and ecosystem.

3 Summers DM, Bryan BA, Nolan M and Hobbis TJ. The costs of reforestation: a spatial model of the costs of establishing environmental and carbon planting. Land Use Policy 44: 110-121.

Note:

ØThe Tables of Key Outcomes, Outputs and related Activities for the implementation of the NAP in the NAP3 document must be reviewed in relation to this LDN target setting document.

ØThe following costs have not been estimated in this document:o Costs for the proposed LDN specific staff position. This will depend on the

specific ToR for the position and the human resource policies of the Ministry of Environment and Tourism.

o Costs for setting up the LDN monitoring system. This will be a multi-agency initiative that may or may not include hiring of specific staff, staff training and purchasing of missing/needed equipment for the system to become fully functional.



4. LDNCenteredNAPSWOTAnalysis

Section 4 presents the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the NAP3 to implement the UNCCD in relation to LDN. The lead institute of NAP3 is the Ministry of Environment and Tourism and it was approved by Cabinet in October 2014.

The objective of NAP3 is to “prevent and reverse desertification and land degradation in affected areas and to mitigate the effects of drought in Namibia in support of poverty reduction and environmental sustainability”. The NAP3 is in general well-equipped to help Namibia achieve land degradation neutrality. However, all the weaknesses, threats, strengths and opportunities must be fully addressed to help enhance LDN.

Table 3. SWOT analysis of NAP3

Positive Factors Negative Factors

Internal Factors

STRENGTHS- The NAP has political support

- The NAP has multi institutional support via the national sustainable land use man-agement committee

- The NAP does cover LDN related as-pects/activities very well

- The development of an LDN index will make it easy to measure progress

- Namibia has strong/vibrant natural re-source conservation institutions at local and national levels that can support the LDN activities

WEAKNESSES- No clear mandate for the Ministry of Land Reform (MLR) regarding land use planning

- Poor interaction between Land Use Planning and the NAP

- No general consideration of the NAP apart from the Ministry of Environment and Tourism

- No clear land degradation index

- A universally acceptable definition of LDN needs to be agreed upon soon

- No clear single way to create a monetary value to land degradation, i.e. compared to carbon credits

- No link between resources rights over different natural resources (i.e. thatching grass and grazing rights) and land rights where resources occur

- Poor funding by national government

- The potential poor handling of land reform processes

- Lack of knowledge and capacity in implementing agencies



Positive Factors Negative Factors

External Factors

OPPORTUNITIES

- Development of the Regional Rural De-velopment Strategy by the Ministry of Ur-ban and Rural Development

- LDN makes the targets of reducing land degradation more feasible by setting deg-radation and restoration rates instead of a fixed target to stop degradation

- The existence of clear targets will make it easy for national institutions to work on preventing land degradation

- The development of a LDN index makes it easy to measure progress

- National land use planning is still in its initial stages, with regions with high deg-radation risks still to start their planning exercise, LDN can still be incorporated into regional land use plans

- Reduction in the cost of satellite images will make monitoring cheaper

- The availability of open source software will reduce the costs of data processing

- The potential development of a UN LDN related protocol will improve the LDN pro-file globally

- Poverty reduction is a main focus of the new Namibian government. This should contribute to a reduction in land degrada-tion in the long term

- The inauguration of the new National Commission on Research Science and Technology will increase the national scien-tific capacity and improve national scientific inputs for the UNCCD

THREATS

- No National Land Use Plan exists

- The National Commission on Research Science and Technology is not aware of LDN efforts

- Low support for the national Sustain-able Land Management Committee from member agencies

- The LDN index may not be applicable to all countries

- If funding institutions are not convinced of the concept, there could be funding constraints for activity implementation

- Staff turnover in government could de-rail/slow down progress

- Not all land management related action in Namibia explicitly include LDN targets: industrial development; regional land use planning

- Reduction of donor funds to Namibia to fund implementation projects

- Possible uncoordinated implementation of land degradation related research work by academic institutions that could cause overlaps and constrain already limited funding resources



5. NationalMapofSelectedLDNHotspots

Section 5 aims at presenting the national map of selected LDN hotspots.

Figure 6. LDN hotspots in Namibia (some of the hot spots identified by the Sustainable Land Management Committee)

In addition to the hotspots presented in Figure 6, the following hotspots have also been proposed: Oshiku-shiithilonde Community Forest, Embumba village cluster and a possible site in the Fish river canyon . The sites were selected according to the the criteria presented in Table 4 below.



Table 4. Criteria for LDN pilot sites selection Degradation risk Vegetation structure

Site Low risk

Mod-erate risk

High risk

Wood-land-Riv-erine wood-land

Shru-bland-Wood-land mosaic

Dense shru-bland/Kalahari shrubland

Sparse shru-bland

Grass-land

1Puros conser-vancy X X

2

Oshi-ku-Shiithilonde & Omufitu We-kuta Communi-ty Forests

X X

3Embumba vil-lage area X X

4

Bush en-croached area (Otjiwarongo area)

X X

5Salambala con-servancy X X X

6N#a-Jagna con-servancy X X

7Site along the Fish river X X



6. OptionalSection

Part 1: Presentation of the LDN national working group and key milestones

Part 1 presents the LDN national working group composition and key events that milestoned the LDN planning process.

IntroductionThe members of the LDN national working group are individuals nominated by their respective organisations to be part of the national Sustainable Land Management Streering Committee (SLM-SC). The SLM-SC was established as recommended by the NAP3 for the implementation of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification. The SLM-SC is chaired by the Ministry of Environment and Tourism, represented by the Environmental Commissioner.

The private sector, scientific community and civil society have always been involved in land management in Namibia. The different organisations representing different sectors were this time around requested to help analyse the bases for the development of a new concept that will be used to develop future potential project outlines, as opposed to simply managing an already structured project.

The general view of the different sectors regarding LDN, as can be concluded from their involvement in LDN related meetings, is that the concept is regarded as very important and cross cutting over different sectors. In general there has been a good commitment from the stakeholders and valuable inputs were received which guided the process.

Key dates of the LDN National Working Group planning process:ØInception meeting : 19 February 2015

ØContinuous review of the LDN process : February to April 2015

ØFinal meeting of Phase 1 : 6 May 2015

ØInception meeting of LDN activity Otjozondjupa region : 26 June 2015

Statement by the SLM-SC chair:The LDN process was well supported by the different sectors making up the SLM-SC. Although establishing the baseline data for target setting was and remains challenging, this process has allowed for clear target setting based on current data. The process has at the same time highlighted the urgent need for establishing national land monitoring capacities. The implementation strategies laid out in this report will be used to ensure the future success of achieving LDN in Namibia.



Part 2: Who, Where, and When

Part 2 presents the major stakeholders for different aspects of LDN in Namibia.

Leading Ministry for the achievement of LDN in Namibia: ØMinistry of Environment and Tourism

Implementing agency:ØMinistry of Environment and Tourism, with assistance from educational

institutions and all other ministries dealing with land management

Targeted beneficiaries:ØLDN activities will be implemented nation wide

Scientific support: ØUniversity of Namibia & Polytechnic of Namibia; Namibia Statistics Agency’s

Committee for Spatial Data

Time Frame:Ø2015 to 2040

Part 3: Legal Regulatory Framework

Part 3 presents the legal regulatory framework that will be put in place to enable the achievement of the LDN target within the NAP3

Existing policies and regulations:ØVision 2030ØNational Development PlansØNAP3 (2014-2024)ØNational Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) 2013-2022ØNational Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (2013-2020)ØForestry Strategic Plan 1996ØThe National Drought Policy and Strategy 1997ØStrategic Action Plan for the Implementation of Renewable Energy Policy

2006ØRegional Land Use Planning, coordinated by the Ministry of Land Reform

ØExisting Laws [**from Ruppel and Ruppel-Schlichting (eds), 2013]:ØAgricultural (Commercial) Land Reform Act No. 6 of 1996



ØAgricultural Pests act No. 3 of 1973ØAnimal Protection Act No. 71 of 1962ØAtmospheric Pollution Prevention Ordinance No. 11 of 1976ØAtomic Energy and Radiation Protection Act No. 5 of 2005ØBiosafety Act No. 7 of 2006ØCommunal Land Reform act No. 5 of 2002ØControlled Game Product Proclamation No. 42 of 1980ØDiamond Act No. 13 of 1999ØEnvironmental Management Investment Fund of Namibia Act No. 13 of 2001ØFertilizers, Farm Feeds, Agricultural Remedies and Stock Remedies Act No.

36 of 1947ØForest Act No. 12 of 2001ØGame Product Trust Fund Act No. 7 of 1997ØHazardous Substances Ordinance No. 14 of 1974ØInland Fisheries Resources Act No. 1 of 2003ØLivestock Improvement Act No. 25 of 1977ØMarine Resources Act No. 27 of 2000ØMinerals (Prospecting and Mining) Act No. 33 of 1992ØMountain Catchment Areas Act No. 63 of 1970ØNamibia Wildlife Resorts Company Act No. 3 of 1998ØNational Fishing Corporation of Namibia Act No. 28 of 1991ØNational Heritage Act No. 27 of 2004ØNature Conservation Ordinance No. 4 of 1975ØPetroleum (Exploration and Production) Act No. 2 of 1991ØPetroleum Product and Energy Act No. 13 of 1990ØPrevention and Combating of Pollution of the Sea by Oil Act No. 6 of 1981ØSoil Conservation Act No. 76 of 1969ØWater Act No. 54 of 1956ØWater Management Act No. 24 of 2004

**Ruppel O.C. and Ruppel-Schlichting K (eds), 2013. Environmental law and policy in Namibia, 2nd Edition. OrumbondePress – Windhoek and Welwitschia Verlag – Essen, pg. 106.

Eventual limitations faced in the law and regulations enforcement:ØThe current laws and regulations are comprehensive and cover most aspects

of land degradation in Namibia ØHowever, there is no cohesive policy that can be used to coordinate the

effectiveness of the existing laws and regulations for Namibia to achieve LDN

Measures envisaged to overcome existing limitations:ØDevelop a policy aimed at coordinating the effectiveness of the different

regulations for Namibia to achieve LDN, e.g. a LDN specific policy document similar to the Drought policy. This policy can also spell out the cross cutting effect/influence that land degradation has on all other national development related policies in the country

Timeframe to improve existing legal regulatory framework:



ØThe new policy should be drafted within the next 10 to 15 years Envisaged additional measures that will facilitate (or guarantee) the enforcement of existing and enhanced legal regulatory framework:

ØImprove the collaboration between the different agencies involved in land management in the country

ØDevelop a clear campaign to inform all these agencies about the national LDN targets

Part 4: LDN Monitoring, Reporting, Evaluation and Verification System

Part 4 presents the LDN monitoring, reporting, evaluation and verification (LDN-MREV) system that will be put in place.

The LDN-MREV system should be capable of detecting land degradation, monitoring progress in combating Desertification, Land Degradation and Drought (DLDD) and measuring progress towards LDN targets.

Source of data:The main source of reliable data for the next 5 to 10 years will most likely remain the Joint Research Center of the European Union. The Committee for Spatial Data of the Namibia Statistics Agency will be approached in helping to set up a reliable national LDN monitoring system. The system could possibly be based at an educational institution to insure continuous build-up of LD research capabilities in the country.

Method of data acquisition:The major method of data will be via satellite imagery, with the exact type of data collected to be determined based on budgets and staff capabilities of the eventual hosting agency/organisation for the system.

Method of data processing:To be determined by the responsible agency.

Periodicity:Up-dates of the 3 basic metrics (land cover/use changes; land productivity dynamics and soil organic carbon content) every 4 years are required for tracking progress.

Responsible agency, Operational organisation and Scientific support:The responsible agency that will operate the system and provide scientific support will likely be the educational institution where the system will be based in collaboration with the Ministry of Environment and Tourism.



Part 5: Budget and Financing Plan

Part 5 presents the budget and financing plan for achieving the LDN target (5 year cycles)*

Note: The budget is separate to the budget presented in the NAP3 document. The NAP3 budget focuses on establishing LDN research and monitoring abilities plus some limited LDN related community scale interventions. The NAP3 budget was also not based on the scale of activities needed for Namibia to achieve LDN in relation to the monitored/observed land degradation related changes. It is possible that the activities will have to be stretched for up tp twice the current planning period, although the cost is fixed as it is based on the size of the area needing intervention.

Table 5. General budget for the activities to achieve LDN in Namibia by 2040

Source of funding

Name 1st cycle (2016-2020)Million USD

1st cycle (2021-2025)Million USD




Internal 1 Regular fis-cal budget

34 39 34 39 34

Internal 2

Internal 3

External 1 Grants 354 349 354 349 354

External 2

Total 388 388 388 388 388

*Budget assumption: Fiscal budget available for LDN assumed at 5% of the development budget of the Ministry of Environment and Tourism (5% of N$ 153 mill/year or USD 13 Mill), 5% of the Ministry of Agriculture (5% of N$ 1,2 Bill or USD 103 Mill), and 5% of the Ministry of Mines and Energy (5% of N$ 243 Mill or USD 20 Mill). The fiscal budget values are based on the national budget 2015-2018. A 17% budget fluctuation is presumed between the cycles based on the annual budget cycle fluctuation of the national fiscal budget. The total predicted cost of achieving LDN in the next 25 years is approximately USD 1939 Million (see Table 2 in section 3), therefore a 5 year cycle budget is approximately USD 388 Million. The contribution form the fiscal budget is approximately 10% of the total costs, this should help ease the approval of the contribution from the different ministries. This contribution should be increased to above 50% if possible.



Backpage

Table 6. Namibian LDN working group confirmed members (serving on the SLM-SC)

Institution Representative Official position Contacts

Ministry of En-vironment and Tourism

Mr. Teofilus Nghitila

Environmental Com-missioner

[email protected] [email protected]

Gobabeb Re-search and Train-ing Centre

Dr. Theo Wassenaar

Research Coordinator [email protected]

Ministry of Lands Reform

Mr. Christoph Mujetenga

Deputy Director, Di-vision of Land Use Planning

[email protected]

Ministry of Lands Reform

Mr. Sagaria T. Muheua

Development Planner [email protected]

NamPower Ms. Gloudina De Beer

Senior Environmen-talist

[email protected]

The National Planning Com-mission

Ms. Shidhika Alisa National development Advisor under the De-partment of Regional, Sectoral Planning & Policy Coordination

[email protected]

The National Planning Com-mission

Ms. Marta N. Shikomba

National development Advisor under the De-partment of Regional, Sectoral Planning & Policy Coordination

[email protected]

The Internation-al University of Management

Dr. Vincent Sazita Head of Department, Faculty of Strategic Management and Business administra-tion

[email protected]

United Nations Development Programme

Mr. Nico Willemse Programme Analyst under Energy & Envi-ronment unit

[email protected]

United Nations Development Programme

Mr. Nelson Zakaapi Programme Associate [email protected]

University of Na-mibia

Ms. Selma Lendelvo

Researcher [email protected]

National Institute for Educational Development (NIED)

Mr. B. ||Areseb Curriculum Specialist [email protected]

Namibia Nature Foundation

Mrs. Britta Hackenberg-Matali

Head of Projects [email protected]

Polytechnic of Namibia

Mr. C-T.H. Bayer Head of Department of Land Management

[email protected]


Ms. N. Kanime Chief Scientist, Direc-torate of Environmen-tal Affairs

[email protected]


Mr. Petrus Muteyauli

Deputy Director,Multilateral Environ-mental Agreements

[email protected]



Department of Environmental AffairsMinistry of Environment and Tourism

Private Bag 13306WindhoekNamibia

Tel: +264 61 284 2701Fax: +264 61 240 339

www.met.gov.na



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