Land Acquisition for Widening theCherukulam- Amsakachery...

Social Impact Assessment Study Draft Report of

Cherukulam-Amsakachery PWD Road Widening Project 0

Social Impact Assessment

Study Draft Report

Land Acquisition for Widening theCherukulam-

Amsakachery Road, Kakkodi, Kozhikode

Kerala Public Works Department

Roads Division (North)

Kozhikode

Rajagiri Outreach

Rajagiri College of Social Sciences

(Autonomous)

Rajagiri P.O Kalamassery

Kochi- 683104

Ph: 0484 2911330 – 332

[email protected]

Requiring Body SIA Unit

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwilmdjVwZ7fAhUIQI8KHcPdDQoQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.billdesk.com/hdfc/rajagiri/hdfc_rajagiri_donation.htm&psig=AOvVaw3RZ6MVOiXq8YcVbAbJukmZ&ust=1544849128736523



CONTENTS

Chapter 1 Executive Summary

1.1 Project and public purpose

1.2 Location

1.3 Size and attributes of land acquisition

1.4 Alternatives considered

1.5 Social impacts

1.6 Mitigation measures

Chapter 2 Detailed Project Description

2.1 Background of the project, including developer’s background and

governance/ management structure

2.2 Rationale for project including how the project fits the public purpose

criteria listed in the act

2.3 Details of project size, location, capacity, outputs, production targets,

costs and risks

2.4 Examination of alternatives

2.5 Phases of the project construction

2.6 Core design features and size and type of facilities

2.7 Need for ancillary infrastructural facilities

2.8 Work force requirements (temporary and permanent)

2.9 Details of social impact assessment/ environment impact assessment if

already conducted and any technical feasibility reports

2.10 Applicable legislations and policies

Chapter 3 Team Composition Approach, Methodology and Schedule of the


3.1 List of all team members with qualification

3.2 Description and rationale for the methodology and tools used to

collect information for the social impact assessment

3.3 Sampling methodology used

3.4 Overview of information/ data sources used

3.5 Schedule of consultations with key stakeholders and brief description

of public hearings conducted



Chapter 4 Land Assessment

4.1 Description with the help of the maps, information from land

inventories and primary sources

4.2 Entire area of impact under the influence of the project (not limited to

land area for acquisition)

4.3 Total land requirement for the project

4.4 Present use of any public, utilized land in the vicinity of the project

area

4.5 Land (if any) already purchased, alienated, leased or acquired, and the

intended use for each plot of land required for the project

4.6 Quality and location of land proposed to be acquired for the project

4.7 Nature, present use and classification of land and if agriculture land,

irrigation coverage and cropping patterns

4.8 Size of holdings, ownership patterns, land distributions and number of

residential houses

4.9 Land prices and recent changes in ownership, transfer and use of lands

over the last three years

Chapter 5 Estimation and Enumeration (Where Required) of Affected

Families and Assets

5.1 Estimation of families

5.1.1 Families which are directly affected (own land that is proposed to be

acquired)

5.2 Family of scheduled tribes and other traditional forest dwellers who

have lost any of their forest rights

5.3 Families which depend on common property resources which will be

affected due to acquisition of land of their livelihood

5.4 Families which have been assigned land by the State Government or

the Central Government under any of its schemes and such land is

under acquisition

5.5 Families which have been residing on any land in the urban areas for

proceeding three years or more prior to the acquisition of the land

5.6 Families which have depended on the land being acquired as a

primary source of livelihood for three years prior to the acquisition

5.6.1 Families which are indirectly impacted by the project (not affected

directly by the acquisition of own lands)

5.6.2 Inventory of productive assets and significant lands.



Chapter 6 Social Economic and Cultural Profile (Affected Area and

Resettlement Site)

6.1 Demographic details of the population in the project area

6.2 Income and poverty levels

6.3 Vulnerable groups

6.4 Land use and livelihood

6.5 Local economic activities

6.6 Factors that contribute to local livelihoods

6.7 Kinship patterns and social and cultural organization

6.8 Administrative organization

6.9 Political organization

6.10 Community based and civil society organizations

6.11 Regional dynamics and historical change processes

6.12 Quality of the living environment

Chapter 7 Social Impact Management

7.1 Approach to mitigation

7.2 Measures to avoid mitigate and compensate impact

7.3 Measures that are included in terms of Rehabilitation and

Resettlement and Compensation as outlined in the Act

7.4 Measures that the Requiring Body has stated it will introduce in the

project proposal

7.5 Alterations to project design and additional measures that may be

required to address the extend and intensity of impacts across various

groups as identified during SIA

7.6 Detailed Mitigation Plan including detailed activities to be carried out

for each mitigation strategy, timelines for each mitigation strategy

7.7 The SIA plan indicating which measures the Requiring Body has

committed to undertake and those that have been proposed, but not

committed to be undertaken by the Requiring Body

Chapter 8 Social Impact Management Plan Institutional Framework

8.1 Description of institutional structures and key person responsible for

each mitigation measures

8.2 Specify role of Non-Governmental Organizations

8.3 Indicate capacities required and capacity building plan, including

technical assistance if any

8.4 Timelines for each activity



Chapter 9 Social Impact Management Plan Budget and Financing of

Mitigation Plan

9.1 Costs of all resettlement and rehabilitation costs

9.2 Annual budget and plan of action

9.3 Funding sources with break up

Chapter 10 Social Impact Management Plan Monitoring and Evaluation

10.1 Key monitoring and evaluative indicators

10.2 Reporting mechanisms and monitoring roles

10.3 Plan for independent evaluation

Chapter 11 Analysis of Costs and Benefits and Recommendation on

Acquisition

11.1 Final conclusions on assessment of public purpose, less displacing

alternatives, minimum requirements of land, the nature and intensity

of social impacts, and viable mitigation measures will address costs

11.2 The above analysis will use the equity principle as a framework of

analysis for presenting a final recommendation on whether the

acquisition should go through or not.

List of Tables and Figures

List of Abbreviations

References



List of Tables

Table No, Contents Page No.

3.1.1 SIA Team 14

3.5.1 Schedule of Meetings 16

5.1.1 List of Affected Families 22

5.6 Nature of Ownership/Management of Commercial Units 34

5.6.2.A Type of Commercial Units Affected 35

5.6.2.B Type of Trees Affected 35

6.1.1 Social Group 38

6.1.2 Type of Family 38

6.1.3 Marital Status 38

6.1.4 Education Level 39

6.5 Source of Income 42

7.6 Mitigation Plan 46

List of Figures

Figure No, Contents Page No.

4.7.1 Nature of Land 19

4.7.2 Use of Land 20

4.8.1 Extent of Land 21

6.1.1 Religion 37

6.1.2 Age 38

6.2.1 Monthly Family Income 40

6.2.2 Poverty Level 40



List of Abbreviations

SIA Social Impact Assessment

PWD Public Works Department

GO Government Order

RFCTLAAR ActThe Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition,

Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013

RD Revenue Department

KM Kilo Meters

LP Lower Primary

UP Upper Primary

PO Post Office

SC Scheduled Caste

OBC Other Backward Communities

UG Under-Graduation

PG Post-Graduation

BPL Below Poverty Line

APL Above Poverty Line

GoK Government of Kerala

CPI (M) Communist Party of India (Marxist)



Chapter 1

Executive Summary

1.1 Project and public purpose

Kozhikode, district capital is also one of the largest cities in the state of Kerala and a large

number of people commute daily to the city for various purposes. To improve the road

transportation between Kozhikode and Balussery, Kerala PWD has proposed to widen the

existing road between Cherukulam and Amsakachery for 4.8 KMs in Kakkodi and Chelannur

Villages. The widening of the road has been a long standing requirement for the people in

the region.The project aims at eliminating traffic between Kozhikode and Balussery which in

turn ensures an easier transportation in reduced time for the public.

The principle Government approval for the land acquisition through G.O 187/11 dated

31.01.2011 was expired and later in the year 2016,upon the request letter from PWD Chief

Engineer (Road and Bridges), the project has resumed through G.O 496/2016/PWD.

1.2 Location

The project covers an area of 4.8 KMs in Kakkodi and Chelannur villages in

KakkodiGramaPanchayat in Kozhikode district and a total area of 3.2639 Hectares of land is

identified to be acquired from 166 families.The project area is a semi-urban area and the

quality of living and other demographic dimensions are found as generally positive.

1.3 Size and attributes of land acquisition

Considering the future traffic and to improve commercial/ living condition in the region,

Kerala PWD has proposed to widen the road to 12 meters as average from the existing 6.60

meters. To achieve the aforesaid objective, the requiring body has identified land plots in

Kakkodi and Chelannur villages and proposed to acquire 2.823 Hectares and 0.4409 Hectares

respectively, totaling 3.2639 Hectares of land. A list of affected land owners and extent of

land to be acquired from them for the project are provided in Table 5.1.1 in Chapter 5.

Acting upon the request letter from Executive Engineer, PWD (Road Section), Kozhikode

Division and considering the project for public purpose, Department of Agriculture,

Government of Kerala has sanctioned to fill 0.0293 Hectares of agriculture land included in

Survey No. 112/1A, 112/1C in Chelannur Village through G.O (Ms) 39/2015/Agriculture dated

06-03-2015. Likewise, through G.O. (Ms) 213/2015/Agriculture dated 19-11-2015, 2.6699

Hectares of agriculture land included in Survey Nos. 15, 20, 21, 29, 30, 32, 37, 66, 79, 83, 84,



95, 96, 111, 115, 116, 121, 122, 133, 134, 135, 147, 148 in Kakkodi village have also been

sanctioned.

1.4 Alternatives considered

The project intends to widen the existing road which is considered to be one of the main

roads that connects Kozhikode and Balussery and hence no alternatives considered.

1.5 Social impacts

As per the land assessment for the acquisition, 166 affected persons will lose land and the

same is understood to be the major impact. Further, certain number of affected families

especially the people who depends on commercial units for means of income will

permanently/temporarily lose their existing livelihood opportunities. Agriculture land and

compound wall of Perinjila Aided LP School will also be affected. Loss of trees such as

Coconut, Arecanut, Mango and its yield should also be listed in the adverse impacts. A brief

summary of major impacts are as follows

Loss of Land : 166 Families

Loss of Livelihood Opportunities : 23 Families

Public Organization Affected : 1

Loss of Agriculture Land

Loss of Trees and Crops

Despite the negative impacts, the proposed project is expected to be beneficial for the

people in the region as it ensures safer transportation and better access with other regions in

the district.

1.6 Mitigation measures

For affected persons whose land will be acquired, the Rehabilitation and Resettlement

package as per the Policy issued by Revenue(B) Department, Government of Kerala vide

G.O.(Ms)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017 for the rehabilitation and resettlement package

for land acquisition in the state in lieu of RFCTLARR Act 2013 will be applicable to the land

construction of Cherukulam - Amshakachery road widening in Kozhikode District . Further

recreation of common properties and livelihood opportunities along with replanting of trees

will mitigate various impacts to an extent possible.



Chapter 2

Detailed Project Description

2.1 Background of the Project, including developer’s background and governance/

management structure

Roads in India are considered as the most crucial mode of transportation; being cost

effective and preferred for freight and passenger transport. India has the second largest road

network connecting every nook and corner of the country with its 5.23 Million Kilo Meter

roads comprising of National/State Highways, Districts and Village Roads (National High

Way Authority of India, Annual Report 2016-17). It is estimated that road transportation

contributes nearly 4.7 % towards India’s GDP; whereas the railways contribute only 1 %.

Besides its significance to the economy, roads enables social integration by connecting

different regions, institutions and people across the country.

As per the Kerala PWD-Road Bridge Maintenance Policy Order (22, 10, 2016), the State has a

network of roads over 1.5 Lakh KMs and except the National Highways (1542 KM), all other

major roads are being constructed, maintained and managed by Kerala Public Works

Department with the funding from Government of Kerala.

Kerala Public Works Department (Kerala PWD) is one of the important departments in the

Government of Kerala and operates under Department of PWD. The department is

responsible for design, implementation and maintenance of all public works undertaken by

Government and thus improve mobility, safety and economic development of the state.

Kozhikode-Balussery road is an important road in North Keralaand the proposed

Cherukulam- Amsakachery road connects Kakkodi and Chelannur Villages in

ElathurConstituency, located north of Kozhikode Corporation area. The total distance of the

road is estimated at 4.8 KMs and would require to be acquired 2.823 Hectares and 0.4409

Hectares of land from Kakkodi and Chelannur Villages respectively, totalling 3.2639 Hectares

of land for the proposed widening of the road.

Through GO (Rt) 187/11 PWD dated 31.01.2011, an in-principle approval was given and

sanctioned 305 Lacks for the land acquisition. However, the order has expired and yet the

compensation for already acquired land wasn’t given to the affected parties. Later in 2016,

through PWD Order No. 496/2016/PWD dated 01.03.2016, the principal order was resumed

and Road and Bridges Division of the PWD has begun the preliminary processes for land

acquisition.

Vide Kerala Gazette Order G.O. (P) No. 62/2018/RD dated 29.9.2018, the SIA Unit of

RajagirioutREACH, Kalamassery was appointed to conduct Social Impact Assessment Study



and to prepare a Social Impact Management Plan as per section 4 (1) of the Right to Fair

Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement

(RFCTLARR) Act, 2013.

2.2 Rationale of the projectincluding how the project fits the public purpose criteria

listed in the act

Kozhikode is the largest city in North Kerala with a population of over 2 million in the urban

agglomeration (Census, 2011). Construction and widening of roads in the city and

neighbouring areas are quintessential for the overall development and to improve the

connectivity in the region. Considering the anticipated increase in the traffic and to improve

the connectivity between Kozhikode and Balussery, PWD has proposed to widen the existing

road between Amsakackery and Chrukulamfor a total distance of 4.8 KMS. The project is

intended to increase the average width to 12 meters from the current average of 6.60

meters.

As per Section 2 b (i) of The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land

Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act 2013 (RFCTLARR Act), the project fits in for

public purpose.

2.3 Details of project size, location, capacity, outputs, production targets, costs and

risks

The total distance of the road is estimated at 4.8 KMs and would require to be acquired

2.823 Hectares and 0.4409 Hectares of land from Kakkodi and Chelannur Villages

respectively, totalling 3.2639 Hectares of land for the proposed widening of the road.

Considering the anticipated increase in the traffic, PWD has decided to widen the road from

the current average of 6.60 meter to 12 meter.

2.4 Examination of alternatives

The project intends to widen the existing road which is considered to be one of the main

roads that connects Kozhikode and Balussery. Further, the region is highly populated area

and the land is insufficient to construct a bye-pass road. Also, the proposed project is

expected to finish without affecting any residential buildings and a resulting displacement.

Based on the research of the expert team and to limit the risk and cost, there are no suitable

alternate project areas.



2.5 Phases of the project construction

The project is planned to implement in two phases. Phase I involves whole process of land

acquisition by Land Acquisition Officer appointed by Government of Kerala. Social Impact

Assessment, Land Assessment, Mitigation, Compensation/Resettlement procedures etc. are

included in this phase. Phase II consists tendering process, appointment of contractor,

construction of road and launch thereafter for public use.

2.6 Core design features & size and type of facilities

The project covers an area of 4.8 KMs and intends to widen the road to 12 meters (Planned

Average) from 6.60 meters (Current Average). Common properties such as Culvert, Bridges

and other facilities will be newly constructed and renovated as per the project plan.

2.7 Need for ancillary infrastructural facilities

The proposed widening of the road requires construction of drainage, culverts, Boundary

fencing, walkways and its alignment to private properties etc. Further, any requirement of

infrastructural facilities which may emerge during the construction of the road should also be

included.

2.8 Workforce requirements (temporary and permanent)

The appropriated combination of permanent and contract workforce will be deployed along

with the right set of machineries and equipment as to be decided by Kerala PWD during

tendering process.

2.9 Details of social impact assessment/ environment impact assessment if already

conducted and any technical feasibility reports

As per the letter dated on 21-01-2019 by Assistant Engineer, PWD, Road Section, Kozhikode

North, no Social Impact Assessment or related studies were carried out in the past with

respect to the project. Further, any technical feasibility reports were not available to refer

during this study.



2.10 Applicable legislations and policies

The applicable laws on land acquisition, rehabilitation and resettlement for the proposed

project land acquisition for widening theCherukulam- Amsakachery road are:

The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition,

Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013.

Government of Kerala – Revenue (B) Department -State Policy for Compensation

and Transparency in Land Acquisition vide G.O (Ms) NO.485/2015/RD dated

23/09/2015.

Government of Kerala – Revenue (B) Department -State Policy for Rehabilitation and

Resettlement Package for Land Acquisition in the State in lieu of RFCTLARR Act 2013

vide GO(MS)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017.

Right to Information Act, 2005



Chapter 3

Team Composition, Approach, Methodology and Schedule of the


3.1 Team Members

Vide Kerala Gazette Order G.O. (P) No. 62/2018/RD dated 29.9.2018, the SIA Unit of Rajagiri

outREACH, Kalamassery was appointed by Revenue (B) Department to conduct Social Impact

Assessment Study of the project and to prepare a Social Impact Management Plan as per

section 4 (1) of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition,

Rehabilitation and Resettlement (RFCTLARR) Act, 2013. Further, a team was constituted with

experts who have engaged in similar projects and deployed them into the project with a set

of definite roles and responsibilities.



Table (3.1.1)

3.2 Description and rationale for the methodology and tools used to collect

information for the social impact assessment

As per the report of PWD Roads Division of Kozhikode (North), 166 plots of land were

identified and alignment stones were planted upon the approval from Chief Engineer, PWD.

Since the extent of land and degree of impact varies from one affected party to another, a

population Socio Economic Survey was conducted to collect the information. Further, Key

Informant Interviews and Focus Group Discussion were also held to understand depth of the

impact due to implementation of the project.

To collect primary information directly from the land owners and other affected persons

through Socio-Economic-Impact Survey, field investigators have visited households in the

region through a structured questionnaire. Further, to collect the information and assess the

impact of the affected parties whose residence are not in the vicinity, a telephonic survey was

held with the same questionnaire schedule.

Sl.No Name Qualification and

Designation

Experience

1. MeenaKuruvilla

MSW

Chairman - SIA Unit

30 years in development

sector

2.

Dr.Binoy Joseph

Principal, Rajagiri

College of Social

Sciences

MA(HRM), LLB, Ph.D.

Consultant-SIA

22 years in teaching,

research and training

3. Maria Tency V S MA, DSS,

Research Associate


sector

4. Ranjith K U DSS,

Research Associate


sector

5. Biju C P BA

Development Officer-SIA


sector

6.

Tony Babu MSW

Research Associate

2 Year experience in

development sector

7. Mithun Mathew

MSW

Research Associate


development sector

8. Jerin J

MSW

Research Associate


development sector



Focus Group Discussion and Key Informant Interviews of Affected Persons, Administrators,

Civil Officers, Road Committee and other important stakeholders were also held by the

expert qualitative researchers of the SIA Unit to gather common, specific and perceived

impact of the project. The published reports from Government of Kerala, PWD Roads Section

(North)-Kozhikode and Road Committee were also referred in this study.

3.3 Sampling Methodology Used

As the size of land to be transferred for the project by the affected person and extent of

impact due to latter is unique for each, a population Socio-Economic-Impact Survey was

found to be appropriate over sampling method. Further, the respondent size was found to

be 166 land owners and was possible to collect the information in the limited timeframe as

per the scheme of the study.

3.4 Overview of Information/ Data Sources

Both primary and secondary information were collected and analysed through mixed

method by the expert quantitative and qualitative researchers. Secondary information and

published reports from concerned PWD/Revenue/Civil Stations were collected/ referred by

the field investigators at multiple stages.

A structured questionnaire was prepared, tested and validated to collect information from

affected persons through Socio-Economic-Impact Survey. Out of the 166 affected persons,

149 have participated directly in the survey and provided the information. Survey contained

questions aimed to collect the information such as Demographic/ Economic/ Family/

Livelihood, details of performing/non-performing assets in the project land and the

types/degree of impact. The response and data points were analysed through a statistical

software and findings have reported along with recommendations.

3.5 Schedule of consultations with key stakeholders and brief description of public

hearings conducted

As part of the study, multiple meetings/interviews/discussions were held with important

stakeholders. The public hearing with the participation of Project Affected Persons (PAP),



Requiring Body Representatives, Land Acquisition Officer and other critical stakeholders is on

February 16, 2019.

Table (3.5.1)

Date Activity/Event/Meeting Venue

29-12-2018 Pilot Study Kakkodi and Chelannur Villages

29-12-2018 Meeting with Land Acquisition Officer Civil Station, Kozhikode

December

30, 2018 to

January 10,

2019

Socio-Economic Survey, Focus Group

Discussions and Key Informant

Interviews

Kakkodi and Chelannur Villages

10-01-2019 Meeting with Kerala PWD Officer in

Charge

Civil Station, Kozhikode

Distribution of Notice and broadcasting

about Public Hearing Meeting

Kakkodi and Chelannur Villages

16-02-2019 Public Hearing Government UP School,

Ottathengu, Kakkodi

Final Report Submission



Chapter 4

Land Assessment

4.1 Description with the help of the maps, information from land inventories and

primary sources

The project aims to widen the Cherukulam-Amsakachery Road in Kakkodi and Chelannur

villages of KakkodiGramaPanchayat in the district of Kozhikode for 4.8 KMs. The project area

is understood to be a semi-urban area.

4.2 Entire area of impact under the influence of the project (not limited to land area

for acquisition)

The Cherukulam-Amsakachery Road Widening project involves acquisition of land plots from

166 affected persons in Kakkodi and Chelannur villages in Kozhikode district. While majority

of the land is kept unused, the remaining plots are being used for residential, farming and



commercial purposes. The project also causes cutting of trees in the affected lands and also

has adverse effect on 26 commercial units.

As per the land assessment for the acquisition, 166 affected persons will lose land and the

same is understood to be the major impact. Further, 23 number of affected families

especially the people who depends on commercial units for means of income will

permanently/temporarily lose their existing livelihood opportunities. Agriculture land and

compound wall of Perinjila Aided LP School will also be affected. Loss of trees such as

coconut Tree, Areca, Mango etc. is also anticipated and hence the same along with the yield

from these trees should also be considered while measuring the impact. ( Reference- Table

No. 5.6.2A, 5.6.2.B)

4.3 Total land requirement for the project

The project is being implemented in 3.2639 Hectares of Land in Kakkodi and Chelannur

Villages and the identified plots belongs to 166 affected persons.

4.4 Present use of any public, utilized land in the vicinity of the project area

Apart from the land owned by 166 individuals, compound wall of Perinjila Government LP

School will also be affected with the project implementation.

4.5 Land (if any) already purchased, alienated, leased or acquired, and the intended

use for each plot of land required for the project

As per the 4-1 notification, ownership of 42 plots in the project area were transferred to

Kerala PWD in the year 2005 covering 500 meters between Sasidhara Bank and Ottathengu

junction. However, the compensation and other proceedings weren’t held as on date and the

land properties of the latter is included in the study.

The proposed widening of Cherukulam-Amsakachery road is approximately 4.8 KMs long

and would require 3.2639 Hectares to be acquired to increase the average width to 12

meters from the current 6.60 meters. As per the reports from PWD, Roads Division,

Kozhikode (North), there are 149 plots of land to be acquired in Kakkodi Village of

MakkadaDesom which constitute 2.8230 Hectares. The remaining 0.4409 Hectares of Land is

located in Chelannur Village of ThamarasseryDesom and is spread into 17 plots. With the

stated land, PWD intent to construct two lane traffic with drainage and footpath on both side

along the existing road



4.6 Quality and location of land proposed to be acquired for the project

The project land is located atKakkodiGramaPanchayat; spread in Kakkodi and Chelannur

villages in Kozhikode district. Majority of the affected land (54 %) are residential land; each

plot having variety of trees and plants. As per the survey, 12 commercial units which are

adjacent to the existing road will also be affected while the widening as proposed. The road

begins at Cherukulam city (11.335261, 75.775658) and via Makkada and

Koodathumpoyilconnects Kozhikode and Balussery main road at Chelannur (11.331317,

75.809146). The land is understood to be suitable for the road construction and the presence

of wet land is limited in the project area.

4.7 Nature, present use and classification of land and if agriculture land, irrigation

coverage and cropping patterns

Among 166 total affected persons, 149 have participated in the survey. 54 % of the surveyed

area (N-81) is classified as open residential land; whereas 35 % of the land is reported to be

converted residential land (N-52). Number of agriculture fields to be affected due to the

project is estimated at 16 as per the conducted survey records.

Figure (4.7.1)

Majority of land plots (N-83) are kept unused, yet with various types of trees growing in it. 45

plots are residential land and 18 plots are being used for farming and agriculture purposes.

81

16

52

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Open Land Nilam Nilam Nikathu Purayidam

Nature of Land



Paddy farming is not very prevalent in the affected area as only one paddy field is to be

affected. However high yield coconut trees, areca, mangoes trees, jackfruit trees, plantain etc.

among others are present in the affected land. 3 plots have uses other than the above.

Figure (4.7.2)

4.8 Size of holdings, ownership patterns, land distributions and number of

residential houses

As given in the figure 4.8.1, 52 affected persons owns less extent of land (1-10 cents). There

are 29, 26 and 12 affected land owners each hold total land in the band of 11-20, 21-30 and

31-60 cents respectively. Whereas, 30 affected owners hold more than 60 cents.

About half of the affected persons have bought the land (49.7 %) from third parties; whereas

the other half (48.3 %) owns the land as inherited property. The existing ownership of land is

registered and recorded between 1964 and 2015 period by the affected persons. 45

residential houses are reported to be in the project vicinity, however none is found to be

affected directly due to the proposed widening of the road.

83

18

45

3

Use of Land

Unused Agriculture Residential Others



Figure (4.8.1)

4.9 Land prices and recent changes in ownership, transfer and use of lands over the

last three years

The market value of the land per cent is reported to be between INR 3,00,000 and 5,00,000

per Cent and will be varied based on the value in the specific area.

Except one transfer of ownership within the family, no transaction was held in the last three

years and there were no major changes in the farming and other uses of land in the project

area.

52

29

26

12

30

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

1-10

11-20

21-30

31-60

More than 60 Cents

No. of Plots

Exte

nt

of

Lan

d i

n C

en

ts



Chapter 5

Estimation and Enumeration (Where Required) of Affected Families

and Assets

5.1 Estimation of families

As per the released document from Revenue Department, there are 166 affected families

whose land have to be acquired for the proposed widening of Cherukulam-Amsakachery

Road. However, through the Socio Economic Census Survey, the SIA team of Rajagiri

Outreach has found only 149 affected families and their details are given in this chapter. It is

observed that the remaining (17) families live elsewhere and their contact details are not

available and This has to be considered as limitation of this study.

5.1.1 Families which are directly affected (own land that is proposed to be acquired)

The following table covers available list of directly affected person, address and extent of

land to be acquired with the survey number.

Table (5.1.1)

Sl.

No.

Survey

Number

Extent of

Land

Name and Address

1 135/1E1,

135/1C

0.0390 Sathyanandhan, Pushpaka House Makkada PO Kacheri

Road , Kakkody

2 135/1E1 0.0390 RajendraPrasadh,Leelamrutham House Makkada PO

Kacheri Road , Kakkody

3

135/1D1 0.0316 Satheeshan, Satheeshvihar House, Makkada PO

Kacheri Road , Kakkody

4 135/1D1 0.0316 Shaji A, Satheeshvihar House, Makkada PO Kacheri

Road , Kakkody

5 135/15 Rajeshkumar, Shanthikrishna, Vazhipokkilnilam,

Makkada PO Kakkody



6 121/52 Chandran, VKR GurickalNilayamMakkada PO Kakkody

7 111/8A 0.0423 Vinodh, Ancheri House Makkada PO Kakkody

8 114/4 TP Mumthas , Makkada PO Kakkody

9 181/2,

115/1A1

A

Prayoganan, KuzhiyanickalThazhath House, Makkada

PO Kakkody

10 111/45 Gopidasan, Sreenilayam House Kacheri Road Makkada

PO Kakkody

11 111/87 Sreenivasan, KayyattailThazhath House, Makkada PO

Kakkody

12 115/1A1

A

0.0237 Asokan, KuzhiyanickalThazhath House Makkada PO

Kakkody

13 121/58,

132/33

Sadhanandan, Vanasree House Makkada PO Kakkody

14 114/4 MammadhKoya, RaziyaManzil House,

Peechangadithazham

15 121/3A Dayalnadh, Nivedhyam House, Makkada PO Kakkody

16 111/30 Anilkumar, Ancheri House, Makkada PO Kakkody

17 121/43 Sunilkumar, Anugraha House Makkada PO Kakkody

18 115/1A1

C

0.0391 Girish, Thelakkatttil House KoodathumpoilMakkada

PO Kakkody

19 115/2B 0.0083 Raveendran, Keerthana House, Makkada PO Kakkody



20 116/1C SudhaVijayendran, Vasudha House,

ParthasarathyMakkada PO Kakkody

21 97/121 Chandrashekaran, Sapthaswara House, Makkada PO

Kakkody

22 97/1K2 N. Thankamani, Urungattil House, Makkada PO

Kakkody

23 97/145 Sarojini, Uthradam House, Makkada PO Kakkody

24 97/193 Jayaprakash, Kpoodathil House Makkada PO Kakkody

25 Balan, Ambady House, KoodathumpoilMakkada PO

Kakkody

26 137/2A Pavithran, Cheepilatt House Makkada PO Kakkody

27 112/2C 0.0201 Diamond Silicate, Kacheri Road, Chelannur, Calicut

28 148/66 Pushpa, Mambattu House Makkada PO Kakkody

29 147/6A 0.0376 Prakashan T, VeluthedathThazhath House, Makkada

PO Kakkody

30 113/3 0.0480 Shaji M, JitheshNilayam, Chelannur PO Kozhikode

31 113 SavithriAntharjanam, Kailas House, Chelannur PO

Kozhikode,

32 113/3 0.0480 V P Chandran, Chandrodhayam House Kacheri Road,

Chelannur

33 112/28 Nandhakumar, Krishnasree House Kacheri Road

Chelannur.



34 148/6A 0.0602 Sreevardhas, Sreenilayam House, Kacheri Road

Makkada PO Kakkody

35 147/6A 0.0376 N Sadanandhan, PuthencherithazhamNirmalyam

House Kacheri Road Chelannur.

36 148/5A

148/4A

0.0049

0.0127

SatheeshKumar, Sindhoori House, Kacheri Road,

Makkada PO Kakkody

37 148/3C 0.0103 KP Purushothaman, Greeshmam House, Makkada PO

Kakkody

38 P T Rajan, Putheriparambaththazhath House Makkada

PO Kakkody

39 135/1F3 0.0236 Krishnan K, Kayyattalil House Kakkody

40 135/1B1 Vinodhini, Prashanthi House, Makkada PO Kakkody

41 113/1A 0.0077 Aneesh AP, Vadakkel House Chelannur

42 198/3C Chandhukutty, Anirudh House, KecheriroadKakkody

43 135/1G Devasi,Shalom House, ChenchilanilayamRoadMakkada

PO Kakkody

44 148/6C Narayanan,Kacheri road KoodathumpoilKakkody

45 113/1 Karunakaran Nair, Vadakkel house Chelannur PO

Kozhikode

46 181/2

115/1A1

A

RamakrishnanKuzhiyanickalthazhath House Makkada

PO Kakkody

47 121/36 Pradheepkumar, Koderi House, Makkada PO Kakkody



48 121/36 Sreedharan Nair, Thapasya House,

49 121/10C

121/8C

0.0219

0.0097

Rathnamma, Sisiram House CheepilathMakkada PO

Kakkody

50 121/5C Karunakaran, Green view House Makkada PO Kakkody

51 Anandhan, Cheepilattu House Koodathumpoil,

Kakkody

52 135/1E3

212/2

0.0111 Suresh Babu, Sreevalsam House, Kacheri Road

Kakkody

53 Shakir, ZibadManzil, Parambaththazhath House

Kacheri Road Kakkody

54 135/10 Surendran KP, Parambaththazhath, Vishnu

BhavanKakkody

55 133/27 Ramdas, Sreethilakam House, Koodathumpoil,

Kakkody

56 133/11B 0.0448 Rathnakaran P,

57 131/1 0.0137 Sureshan, Ancheri House, Makkada PO Kakkody

58 81/30 Velayudhan, Kambrath House Makkada PO Kakkody

59 81/30 Aandikutty, Kambrath House, Makkadsa PO Kakkody

60 81/5B 0.451 Vasu, Kambrath House Makkada PO Kakkody

61 115/2B 0.0083 Sathyan, NagathParambath House, Makkada Po

Kakkody



62 115/1A1

C

0.0391 PavithranSooryodhayam House, Makkada PO Kakkody

63 121/4B 0.0268 Shaji, LeeenaNivasMakkada PO Kakkody

64 121/4B 0.0268 Santhosh Kumar, LeenaNivas, Makkada PO Kakkody

65 133/1 0.0137 Sasidharan, Anchery House Makkada PO Kakkody

66 83/3 0.0430 HaridasanKoodathil House Makkada PO Kakkody

67 83/3 0.0430 Vijayakumar

Gurucharan House Ottathengu , Makkada PO Kakkody

68 83/1 0.0823 Ummar,

AlangattThazham House, Ottathengu, Makkada PO

Kakkody

69 29/1A

135/1E3

0.0572

0.0111

V P Rajagopal

BhagavathiParambathThazhathuNilam, Makkada PO

Kakkody

70 66/1A

66/26

0.0404 Prabhavathi VP

ValiyaparambathuThazhamValappil House Makkada

PO Kakkody

71 66/14

66/1A

0.0404 Mohandas

ValiyaparambathThazhamValappil House

Makkada PO Kakkdy

72 66/20

66/14

Radhakrishnan

ValiyaParambathThazhamValappil House Makkada PO

Kakkody

73 29/56 Harindran

Ashtapathy

Ottathengu, Opp.Milk Society Makkada PO Kakkody

74 32/1 Appuraj

Thirumalayam House

Choikutty Road Makkada Po Kakkody

75 32/1D 0.2049 Ravi

Kunnathumkandi House

Makkada PO Kakkody



76 30/6A

30/3A

0.0130

0.0031

Sadasivan

Kailas House KambilithazamMakkada PO Kakkody

77 30/6A

30/1A

0.0130 Sherifa

JaseelaManzil House, Ottathengu, Makkada PO

Kakkody

78 32/33 Surendran KM

Sreelakshmi House Koliyerithazham, Makkada PO

Kakkody

79 20/2A3 Balakrishnan K

K KKuniyil, Nirmal House CherukulamMakkada,

Kakkody

80 20/45 Kuttan

Nalinam House Choibazar, Makkada PO Kakkody

81 83/25

84/61

Gangadharan

Cheruveettil House Ottathengu, Makkada PO Kakkody

82 30/19 Leelavathiyamma

Manattil House Makkada PO Kakkody

83 29/1A 0.0572 Shanmugan

Bagavathiparambath House Makkada PO Kakkody

84 29/8

29/1A

0.0572 Viswambaran

Bagavathiparambath House Makkada PO Kakkody

85 66/3A 0.0247 Jayasree

Top Gear, Makkada PO Kakkody

86 66/12

83/18

83/19

66/13

IsiriKoya

Athangattuthazham House

Makkada PO Kakkody

87 95/2C 0.0124 Mohanlal

KeezhettamvallyMakkada PO Kakkody

88 95/2C 0.0124 Aseez

Keezhettamvellithazham house

Makkada PO Kakkody

89 84/1A3 0.0257 Viswanathan

Nidhinam house Makkada PO Kakkody



90 83/9 Rahul

Rosna House, Makkada PO Kakkody

91 81/2B 0.0034 Anilkumar

Kukkudumbil House

Makkada PO Kakkody

92 12/463,

12/464

RakeshLal

NarangalilThazhath House

Makkada PO Kakkody

93 81/30 Aandikutty

Kambrath House

Makkada PO Kakkody

94 15/10C 0.0094 Moidheen

Pokkrathazhath House Makkada PO Kakkody

95 15/8C 0.0041 SayyedNoordhin

ShujaAthManzil house Makkada PO Cherukulam

96 37/2 0.0427 Pradeepan

Thekkayil House Makkada PO Kakkody

97 37/2

15/36

0.0427 Sivan

Kamburath House Makkada PO Cherukulam

98 15/3A 0.0730 Pavithran

Kampurath House Makkada PO Kakkody

99 15/3A 0.0730 Leela

Sivaramanilayam House

Makkada PO Kakkody

100 20/2A1 0.0076 Choikutty

Kizhakkekuniyil House Makkada PO Cherukulam

101 20/40 Isahak

Kummungalthazham House Makkada PO Kakkody

102 32/1A 0.1177 Jayarani

Siva Smrithi House KummungalThazhamMakkada PO

Kakkody

103 32/1A

32/1D

0.1177

0.2049

Baby

Sreepournami House Makkada PO Kakkody



104 59/2

30/5C

0.0111

Vasudevan

Manathilthazhath House Makkada PO

Kakkody

105 60/3

65/2

Marakkar AS Abdul Rasaq

Thazhemannathil House Makkada PO Kakkody

106 82/12

32/1A

0.1177 Usman

Bethulharam house

Makkada PO Kakkody

107 32/32 Syamprasadh

Vaaliyilkoliyathazham House

Makkada PO Kakkody

108 32/1C 0.0079

.

Sreenivasan

Koliyeri house Makkada PO

Kakkody

109 32/1A 0.1177 Raghu

KoliyethazhamSreesylam House Makkada PO Kakkody

110 32/24 Sooraj K

Vrindavanam Near Choikutty road Makkada PO

Kakkody

111 32/1A 0.1177 Babu

Kunnathukandiyil House Near Choikutty Road

Makkada PO Kakkody

112 30/5C 0.0111 Anilkumar

Sauparnika House

Makkada PO Kakkody

113 21/3A 0.0197 Manoj Kumar

Archana House KummangalthazhamMakkada PO

Kakkody

114 21/3A

21/4A

0.0197

0.0028

Shailaja

Sreekrishna House

Koliyerithazhammakkada PO Kakkody

115 21/3A 0.0197 Balaraman

Kala House Makkada PO Kakkody

116 29/35 Sreedevi

Yadhavam house

Makkada PO Kakkody Via

117 29/58 Indhuchoodan

B.P house BhagavathiparambathMakkada PO Kakkody



118 96/1C 0.0433 K. Haridasan

Keezhattamvally House makkada PO Kakkody

119 95/22 Rajan

Lakshmi ragam House Makkada PO Kakkody

120 95/1C 0.0303 Sukumaran

Nakshatra house

Makkada PO Kakkody

121 95/12 Usman

DharVihindha House

Makkada PO Kakkody

122 95/11 Baburaj

Vilas house Makkada PO Erattavallithazham, Calicut

123 84/71 T Mammadhkoya

Nusaibas House Makkada PO Kakkody

124 84/70 Saina

Thayyil House Makkada PO Kakkody

125 84/84 Anwar Sadath

SafaMahal house Makkada PO Kakkdody

126 84/1A1 0.0381 Raghu

SankarMahal House Ottathengu,

Makkada PO Kakkody

127 10/A Basheer

Ozhembrath house

Makkada PO Kakkody

128 95/25 Mohan Lal

Meparambathu House Makkada PO Kakkody

129 115 Mohammadh

P P Complex Makkada PO Kakkody

130 Madhavan Nair

Mainakam House

CherukulamMakkada PO Kakkody

131 135/E3

129/1A

Rajan Nair

Arangatt House Kacheri road Makkada PO Kakkody



132 21/3 Thankam

2D, PVS Appartments, Phase 2two, YMCA Cross Road

Calicut

133 15/3A 0.0730 Sunil Kumar

Vadakkedathu House

Makkada PO Kakkody

134 83/29

83/30

Shija

Anchery House Makkada PO Kakkody

135 81/2B 0.0034 Prakashan

Nediyadath House Karaparamba Po Kozhikode

136 83/25

84/64

Gangadharan

Cheeruveettil House

Makkada PO Kakkody

137 84/1A3

84/1A1

0.0257

0.0381

Ramachandran Nair

BindhuNivasUriyedath house

Makkada PO Kakkody

138 121/76 Joy

Mukkath House KoodathumpoilMakkada PO Kakkody

139 37/2 0.0427 Suresh

Thenniyil House Makkada PO Kakkody

140 95/1A 0.0111 Salim Haji

141 135/121 BaijuParambathThazhath

Kakkodi PO Koodathumpoil

142 135/18E3 Shakeer, ZibadManzil

ParambathThazhath House Kacheri Road Kakkodi

143 135/1E3 0.0111 Kambramban house Koodathumpoil

Makkada P O Kakkodi

144 134/2B 0.0102 Viswanathan T

Vismayam House Kacheri Road Makkada PO Kakkodi



5.2 Family of scheduled tribes and other traditional forest dwellers who have lost

any of their forest rights

The project is aimed at widening the existing road that goes through semi urban areas in

Kozhikode district. Neither any forest land nor land of any scheduled tribes are to be

acquired as part of the project. However, land properties of 6 Scheduled Caste families will

be affected without any deviation of special rights or whatsoever.

5.3 Families which depend on common property resources which will be affected

due to acquisition of land of their livelihood

Except the electricity posts in both the sides throughout the area, no major common

property and resources are found to be affected with the proposed widening of Cherukulam-

Amsakachery road.

5.4 Families which have been assigned land by the State Government or the Central

Government under any of its schemes and such land is under acquisition

No families in recent years were assigned land by any government and no such land will be

affected.

5.5 Families which have been residing on any land in the urban areas for preceding

three years or more prior to the acquisition of the land

None of the affected families have bought land in the proposed project area in the last three

years. While half of the affected persons inherited ancestral land properties, the remaining

have purchased land for residence and farming before three years.

5.6 Families which have depended on the land being acquired as a primary source

of livelihood for three years prior to the acquisition

The SIA team has found 26 commercial units which have been engaged in business activities

in the last three years. 2 units have not responded in the research. The nature of ownership

and management of the remaining 24 units are explained below



Table (5.6.)

S # Nature of Ownership/ Management No. of Units

1 Solely owned and managed 9

2 Run business on rented building 8

3 Runs business on partnership 3

4 Business Units which are not functional 4

Out of 24 units, the road widening project is expected to affect income of 15 shops, wherein

8 shops have to be completely shut down. 8 others business owners have responded that the

project will not affect its sources of income. The Cherukulam-Amsakachery Road will also

affect 28 people employed in the commercial units in Kakkodi and Chelannur villages.

5.6.1 Families which are indirectly impacted by the project (not affected directly by

the acquisition of own lands)

Employees working in the commercial unites are understood to be affected with the

proposed acquisition of land for widening of Cherukulam-Amsakachery Road.

5.6.2 Inventory of productive assets and significant lands.

The following commercial units are expected to be affected by the proposed project.



Table (5.6.2.A)

S # Types of Business No. of

Units

1 Vegetable Shop 3

2 Grocery Shop 3

3 Light & Sounds Systems 1

4 Coconut Processing Units 4

5 Bakery 3

6 Tailoring Shop 1

7 Automobile Workshop 1

8 Furniture Units 2

9 Mobile Phone Sales and Service Unit 1

10 Hair Saloon 1

The major trees to be lost for the project are as follows

Table (5.6.2.B)

S # Types of Tree

No. of

Units

1 Coconut 376

2 Areca 78

3 Jackfruit Tree 34

4 Plantain 268

5 Mango Tree 65



Chapter 6

Social Economic and Cultural Profile (Affected Area and

Resettlement Site)

6.1 Demographic details of the population in the project area

Kakkodi and Chelannur are two prominent villages in KakkodiGramaPanchayat in Kozhikode

district and the proposed widening of Cherukulam-Amsakachery Road will have varied

impact on the people directly and indirectly. Socio-economic profile of 149 affected families

are given here. It is reported that 16 affected persons have not participated in the survey and

hence the findings are not exhaustive.

As given in the figure 6.1, Hinduism is the most prevalent religion in the area with 124

families following the same. While 20 families follow Islam, 1 family has Christian faith and 4

families have no inclination to identify themselves with any religion.



While 70 families belong to Other Backward Community (OBC), 67 families fall in the General

category. Number of Schedule Caste (SC) families is 6 and the remaining 6 families have not

disclosed the information. (Table 6.1.1)

Table 6.1.2 explains the type of family systems of the affected population. Nuclear family

system is being followed widely in 139 families. While 8 families maintain joint family system,

2 affected persons are individuals with no other member in the family.

In the process of enumeration, it is found that 593 people (Male- 297 and Female- 312) live

in 149 affected families. As furnished in Figure 6.1.2, population of children and young adults

is high as the former (0—17) counts as 105 and latter (18-45) as 240. Population of senior

citizen (Above 60 years) is reported as 101 in 149 families.

As per the survey, 60 % of the entire population are married. While No. of unmarried

population is 214, 23 persons are reported to be either widow/widower. (Table 6.1.3)

As reported information of 516 people, one of the affected person is illiterate and 71 have

either lower or upper primary school education. It is enumerated that 153 people have either

completed/pursuing high schooling; whereas 89 have higher secondary education in the

academic career. 163 people have completed/pursuing UG/PG/Engineering course and no.

of affected persons completed/pursuing other professional courses is counted as 39. (Table

6.1.4)

Figure (6.1.1)

124

20

1

4

Religion

Hindu Muslim Christian None



Table (6.1.1)

Table (6.1.2)

Type of Family No. of

Families

Joint Family 8

Nuclear Family 139

Individual 2

149

Figure (6.1.2)

18 2027

2020

83

46

3643

32

4746

54

43

2226

10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Age

Social Group No. of

Families

SC 6

OBC 70

GENERAL 67

None 6

149



Table (6.1.3)

Marital Status No.of

Persons

Married 355

Unmarried 214

Widow/Widower 23

Separated 1

593

Table 6.1.4

Level of Education

No. of

Persons

Illeterate 1

1-4 33

5-7 38

8-10 153

11-12 89

B.Tech 24

M.Tech 4

UG 99

PG 36

Other Professional Courses 39

6.2 Income and poverty levels

Among the surveyed population, 132 families have given the information on monthly income

in the family. As furnished in Figure 6.2.1, monthly income of about half of the population

(48.48 %) is less than INR 10,000. While 24 families have monthly income of between INR

10,001 and 20,000, 39 families have an income of less than INR 50,000, but higher than INR

20,000 per month. Income of 5 families is found to be high as compared to their peers and

members of these family earns over INR 50,000 each and every month.

Total No. of adult earning members in the surveyed population is reported as 184; whereas

the total No. of dependants is 365 making a ratio of 1:2.

Figure 6.2.2 furnishes poverty level of the project affected families and 1.5 % of the families

hold Yellow ration card which represents most economically backward section of the society.



However the income level is better than the former, 12.9 % of the families live under Below

Poverty Line (BPL) as they hold pink ration card. As 44.7 % and 40.9 % families hold Blue and

White Ration card respectively, it is understood that major population live Above Poverty

Line (APL) in the project affected villages.

Figure (6.2.1)

Figure (6.2.2)

33

31

24

15

10

14

5

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

1000-5000

5001-10000

10001-20000

20001- 30000

30001- 40000

40001- 50000

Above 50000

Monthly Family Income

12.9

44.7

1.5

40.9

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

45.0

50.0

Pink Blue Yellow White

% of Families With different Ration Card Indicating

Poverty Level



6.3 Vulnerable groups

The proposed project covers an area of 4.8 KMs and spread in Kakkodi and Chelannur

villages in Kozhikode district. Though major aspects of Human Development Index such as

education, income, health etc. are found to be positive, there are certain vulnerable groups

who would require special attention while implementing the project. Children under 18 years

of age constitutes 17.7 % of the surveyed population and elders whose age is above 60 years

would make 18 %. Further, there are 6 Scheduled Caste families and 23 widow/widowers.

Both categories along with former two are qualified to be amongst vulnerable group.

6.4 Land use and livelihood

As furnished in Figure 4.7.1, 54 % of the surveyed area (N-81) is classified as open residential

land; whereas 35 % of the land is reported to be converted residential land (N-52). Number

of agriculture fields to be affected due to the project is estimated at 16 as per the conducted

survey records.

Majority of land plots (N-83) are kept unused, yet with various types of trees growing in it. 45

plots are residential land and 18 plots are being used for farming and agriculture purposes.

Paddy farming is not very prevalent in the affected area as only one paddy field is to be

affected. However high yield coconut trees, areca, mangoes trees, jackfruit trees, plantain etc.

among others are present in the affected land. 3 plots have uses other than the above.

(Figure 4.7.2)



6.5 Local economic activities

Business and working in the commercial units together makes the largest source of income

in the project area. The location also has a large base of retired workers and army men (14.7

%) and pension is their main source of income. While farming is the sole livelihood

opportunity for 5.9 %, 12.5 % of the population works for daily wage. As driving and private

company jobs contributes income to 7.4 % of the families each, there are 5.9 % of

familiesdepend income from jobs in foreign countries. Teaching, Jobs in government

department/banking etc. would also help certain population for means of livelihood.



Table (6.5)

Source of Income % Share

of Income

Government Job 4.4

Farming 5.9

Daily Wage Job 12.5

Job in Foreign Country 5.9

Teaching 3.7

Business 22.8

Private Company Job 7.4

Pension 14.7

Driving 7.4

Other 15.4

6.6 Factors that contribute to local livelihoods

Education level of the project affected villages are high and majority of them are employed

with government and private organisations. The road under the plan goes through three

major towns and commercial units also contribute for the livelihood of the people. Further,

yield from coconut trees and areca also constitutes income sources of the families.

6.7 Kinship patterns and social and cultural organization

As observed by the expert team of SIA, people generally live in harmony and work together

for the development of the region. To render school education, two government schools are

functioning in the project area. The region also has different clubs and associations to

promote sports, art, reading etc. among community.



6.8 Administrative organization

Chelannur Block Panchayat office, Government Veterinary Hospital and Literacy Mission

Office, GoK are the major administrative organisations present in the project area.

6.9 Political organization

The project location has offices of major political parties and is observed that a regional

office of CPI (M) in Parathasarathy Junction may be affected. Further, the area has a special

informal group named ‘Road Committee’ constituted for the development of the proposed

road and to work for the welfare of the project affected families.

6.10 Community based and civil society organizations

Though the project area has presence of all major religions, Hinduism is the dominant

religion and has two temples in Kachery Road and Parathasarathy Junction.



6.11 Regional dynamics and historical change processes

The project covers an area of 4.8 KMS in Kakkodi and Chelannur villages of Kozhikode

district. The area was ruled by different kingdom over the years including zamorins. Due to

its close access with Kozhikode city, the villages had close tie up with ancient foreign traders

for different mercantile activities. After the British rule, Government of Kerala has

implemented its administration in the region.

6.12 Quality of the living environment

Major population in the project area live Above Poverty Line with access to facilities such as

Schools, Hospitals, Civil Organisations, Social Groups etc.. Due to its close access with

Kozhikode, the largest city in North Kerala, the facilities in the city are also being used widely

for tertiary care hospitals, higher education etc. The distance to major railway station and

airport is estimated at 12 KMs and 30 KMs respectively.



Chapter 7

Social Impact Management

7.1 Approach to mitigation

To assess the mitigation, the expert research team of SIA Unit has adopted an approach that

is spanned in three phases. In the first phase, a physical observation of the area was held and

conducted a pilot study to understand major risks and opportunities involved with the

project. Through a structured questionnaire, detailed dynamics of risks of each affected

person is collected and analysed. Further, to understand generic and common risks involved

with the project, in-depth interviews were held with selected key persons and stakeholders of

the project. A public hearing is being scheduled for a comprehensive measurement of risk

and to mitigate it in the third phase.

7.2 Measures to avoid, mitigate and compensate impact

The proposed widening of the Cherukulam-AmsakacheryRoad for 4.8 KMs is planned by the

requiring body by minimising the risk in the most possible manner. No residential building

will be affected and no major farming lands are being used for the project. However, certain

families and groups will be adversely affected and the following measures may be taken to

avoid, mitigate and compensate impact

The Rehabilitation and Resettlement package as per the Policy issued by Revenue(B)

Department, Government of Kerala vide G.O.(Ms)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017

for the rehabilitation and resettlement package for land acquisition in the state in lieu

of RFCTLARR Act 2013 shall be provided to the affected land owners.

Reinstall common facilities and way to residential/ other properties which are

expected to affect due to the implementation of the project

Land properties of a 42 families among the surveyed population have transferred in

the year 2005 for widening of the road (500 meters) between Sasidhara Bank and

Ottathengu. No compensation is given so far for the affected parties and they should

be compensated with priority.

Distribute sapling and take initiatives to replant trees which will be lost due to the

project



Recreate livelihood opportunities of the affected persons whose dependence on the

affected area is crucial for the means of future income

Safety of the people while constructing the road and healthy disposal of wastages

arise out of construction should be ensured.

7.3 Measures that are included in terms of Rehabilitation and Resettlement and

Compensation as outlined in the Act


Department, Government of Kerala vide G.O.(Ms)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017 for the

rehabilitation and resettlement package for land acquisition in the state in lieu of RFCTLARR

Act 2013 shall be provided to the affected land owners.

7.4 Measures that the Requiring Body has stated it will introduce in the project

proposal

Measures stated by the requiring body in the project proposal as sufficient fund has been

reserved as compensation.

7.5 Alterations to project design and additional measures that may be required to

address the extend and intensity of impacts across various groups as identified during

SIA

Not Applicable



7.6 Detailed Mitigation Plan including detailed activities to be carried out for each

mitigation strategy, timelines for each mitigation strategy


Department, Government of Kerala vide G.O.(Ms)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017 for the

rehabilitation and resettlement package for land acquisition in the state in lieu of RFCTLARR

Act 2013 shall be provided to the affected land owners.

Table (7.6)

S # Mitigation Strategy Activities Timeline

1 Compensation and

Resettlement

Assessing the impact

Calculation of Compensation

Transfer of land and Disbursement of

Compensation

2 Recreation of Common

Facilities

Construction of common facilities

along with road widening

3 Livelihood Impact

Mitigation

Reinstall livelihood opportunities for

the affected person whose

dependency on the affected area is

vital for his/her future earning

4 Environmental Mitigation Distribute sapling and take initiatives

to replant trees which will be lost due

to the project

5 Mitigation to ensure

safety and continuous

transportation

Implement safety measures and

develop plan of action for the

undisrupted transportation and to

dispose construction wastages

7.7 The SIA plan indicating which measures the Requiring Body has committed to

undertake and those that have been proposed, but not committed to be undertaken by

the Requiring Body

Not Applicable



Chapter 8

Social Impact Management Plan Institutional Framework

8.1 Description of institutional structures and key person responsible for each

mitigation measures

The project of widening the Cherukulam-Amsakachery Road in Kozhikode district is

proposed by Kerala PWD. Government of Kerala has appointed various key persons through

formal order with clear roles and responsibilities in accordance with the Right to Fair

Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation

(RFCTLARR) Act, 2013.

RTFCTLARR Act, 2013 defines the Administrator appointed by the State Government would

be the person responsible for Preparation of Rehabilitation and Resettlement Scheme for

affected families of Land Acquisition. Subject to the superintendence, directions and control

of the appropriate Government and the Commissioner for Rehabilitation and Resettlement,

the formulation, execution and monitoring of the Rehabilitation & Resettlement Scheme

shall vest in the Administrator.

As per G.O. (Ms) No.485/2015/RD, dated 23/09/2015, The Kerala State Policy for

Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, the District Level Fair Compensation,

Resettlement and Resettlement Committee comprising :

District Collector, Administrator for resettlement and rehabilitation,

Land Acquisition officer

Finance Officer

Representatives of the requiring body to take financial decisions on its behalf,

Representatives of Local Self Government Institution will monitor the

Rehabilitation Action Plan

8.2 Specify role of Non-Governmental Organizations



A Road Committee consists of affected persons whose land has been already transferred in

the year 2005 for widening the road has informal, yet crucial role at different phases of the

project.

8.3 Indicate capacities required and capacity building plan, including technical

assistance if any

Road division of Kerala PWD will finalise the resources and capacities.

8.4 Timelines for each activity

Timeline will be finalized as per the Kerala Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in

Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Rules, 2015.



Chapter 9

Social Impact Management Plan Budget and Financing of Mitigation

Plan

9.1 Costs of all resettlement and rehabilitation costs

Through GO (Rt) 187/11 PWD dated 31.01.2011, an in-principle approval was given and

sanctioned 305 Lacks for the land acquisition. However, the order has expired and yet the

compensation for already acquired land wasn’t given to the affected parties. Later in 2016,

through PWD Order No. 496/2016/PWD dated 01.03.2016, the principal order was resumed

and Road and Bridges Division of the PWD has begun the preliminary processes for land

acquisition.

9.2 Annual budget and plan of action

Not Applicable

9.3 Funding sources with break up

Not Applicable



Chapter 10

Social Impact Management Plan Monitoring and Evaluation

10.1 Key monitoring and evaluative indicators

The Cherukulam-Amsakachery Road widening project will affect166 families and 26

commercial units. The key monitoring and evaluative indicators are

Fair compensation and resettlement measures as per RFCTLAAR Act, 2013

Timely disbursement of funds to the affected families

Implementation of the proposed project in the timeframe defined

Safety and environmental measures

Recreate livelihood opportunities if any

10.2 Reporting mechanisms and monitoring roles

Rehabilitation and Resettlement procedures as stated in the Kerala Right to Fair

Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement

Rules 2015 will be applicable.

10.3 Plan for independent evaluation

Not Applicable



Chapter 11

Analysis of Costs and Benefits and Recommendation on Acquisition

11.1 Final conclusions on assessment of public purpose, less displacing alternatives,

minimum requirements of land, the nature and intensity of social impacts, and viable

mitigation measures will address costs

The Cherukulam-Amsakachery Road helps people in the region to ease the travel between

Kozhikode city and Balussery, one of the major towns in the district. The proposed widening

of the road for 4.8 KMs to an average width of 12 meters has initiated by Kerala PWD more

than a decade ago and land plots of 42 families have acquired in the year 2005. However the

affected persons were not given the compensation and through different GO in the year

2011 and 2016, the project has resumed and redesigned to the current nature. The project is

owned by Kerala PWD and is fit to be categorised for public purpose.

With the current land mapping done for the project, no residential buildings are expected to

be affected and hence need not consider any displacing alternative. But the widening of the

road may affect commercial buildings in the area and fair compensation will be suitable

enough to mitigate the impact.

For a span of 4.8 KMs, 3.2639 hectares of land is identified to be acquired from 166 families

and only 0.06 Are per Meter will be required for the proposed widening of the road.

The nature of impacts vary from one to another. While loss of both used and unused land is

understood to be the major impact, loss of livelihood opportunities due to the effect on

commercial units, loss of various crops etc. should also be categorised into negative impact.

Fair compensation based on RFCTLAAR Act, 2013 and environmental measures to replant

tress are expected to be the major mitigation measures. Further, the affected persons in

general are very positive on the proposed widening of the road as it is expected to improve

the road connectivity and commercial value for assets.



11.2 The above analysis will use the equity principle as a framework of analysis for

presenting a final recommendation on whether the acquisition should go through or

not.

Based on the analysis and assessment of the positive and negative impacts of the project of

widening the Cherukulam-Amsakachery Road, SIA Team recommends the project to

implement with the existing land mapping and acquisition plans. The project is expected to

improve quality of living in the region especially on transportation and the same is

empathised by the affected persons despite the negative impact the project leaves. The

following are recommended to mitigate the impact


Department, Government of Kerala vide G.O.(Ms)No.448/2017/RD dated 29/12/2017

for the rehabilitation and resettlement package for land acquisition in the state in lieu

of RFCTLARR Act 2013 shall be provided to the affected land owners.

Reinstall common facilities and way to residential/ other properties which are

expected to affect due to the implementation of the project

Land properties of a 42 families among the surveyed population have transferred in

the year 2005 for widening of the road (500 meters) between Sasidhara Bank and

Ottathengu. No compensation is given so far for the affected parties and they should

be compensated with priority.

Distribute sapling and take initiatives to replant trees which will be lost due to the

project

Recreate livelihood opportunities of the affected persons whose dependence on the

affected area is crucial for the means of future income

Safety of the people while constructing the road and healthy disposal of wastages

arise out of construction should be ensured.



References

1. The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation

and Resettlement Act, 2013

2. Rehabilitation and Resettlement Package for acquisition of Land in the State in lieu of

RCFTLAAR Act, 2013 G.O. (Ms) No. 448/2017/RD dated 20/12/2017

3. Kerala PWD (PS) division G.O. 496/2016/PWD dated 01/03/2016

4. Kerala Agriculture Department G.O. 39/2015 dated 06/03/2015

5. Kerala Agriculture Department G.O. 213/2015 dated 19/11/2015

6. Letter from Assistant Engineer PWD Roads Section, Kozhikode North dated 21-01-

2019

7. Kerala Gazette G.O. (P) No. 62/2018/RD dated 29-09-2018

8. National Highways Authority of India, Annual Report 2016-17

9. Kerala PWD- Road Bridge Maintenance Policy G.O (Ms.) No. 72/2016/PWD DATED

22/10/2016

10. www.keralapwd.gov.in

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