Lake & Reservoir Habitat Management (>4 ha) Chapter 11
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Transcript of Lake & Reservoir Habitat Management (>4 ha) Chapter 11
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Lake & Reservoir Habitat Lake & Reservoir Habitat Management (>4 ha)Management (>4 ha)
Chapter 11Chapter 11
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Watershed ConcernsWatershed Concerns
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SedimentSediment
Reduction in depthReduction in depth
Loss of fish Loss of fish spawning sitesspawning sites
Increased turbidityIncreased turbidity
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Organic Matter InputsOrganic Matter Inputs
DetritusDetritus supports supports food web in turbid food web in turbid reservoirsreservoirs
BOD problemsBOD problems
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NutrientsNutrients EutrophicationEutrophication - -
natural aging of natural aging of lake brought on by lake brought on by increasing increasing productivityproductivity
Cultural Cultural eutrophicationeutrophication - - excessive delivery, excessive delivery, build-up of build-up of nutrients leading to nutrients leading to excessive plant excessive plant growthgrowth
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AcidificationAcidification
Poor buffering Poor buffering capacity + acid capacity + acid deposition = deposition = reproductive reproductive failure, gill failure, gill damage, ion damage, ion imbalance imbalance (homeostasis)(homeostasis)
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ContaminantsContaminants
Point-source + Point-source + nonpoint-source nonpoint-source pollutants + pollutants + bioaccumulationbioaccumulation = = consumption consumption advisoriesadvisories
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Thermal PollutionThermal Pollution
Temperature shockTemperature shock Growth, spawning Growth, spawning
problemsproblems Gas bubble disease Gas bubble disease
(nitrogen narcosis)(nitrogen narcosis) EntrainmentEntrainment - -
smaller, pass throughsmaller, pass through ImpingementImpingement - -
larger, trapped on larger, trapped on screensscreens
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Lake ManagementLake Management
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Shoreline Erosion Shoreline Erosion ProblemsProblems
Wave action from Wave action from wind, boatswind, boats
Problems similar Problems similar to watershed to watershed erosionerosion
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Shoreline Erosion Shoreline Erosion ControlsControls
Naturally vegetated Naturally vegetated shoreline and shoreline and littoral zonelittoral zone
Spawning habitat + Spawning habitat + covercover
Problem in Problem in reservoirs with reservoirs with fluctuating water fluctuating water levelslevels
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Shoreline Erosion Shoreline Erosion ControlsControls
RiprapRiprap
Spawning habitatSpawning habitat
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FertilizationFertilization To increase fish To increase fish
productionproduction Success limited to:Success limited to:
Oligotrophic lakesOligotrophic lakes Ponds (great care)Ponds (great care)
Generally causes Generally causes problems in problems in natural lakes and natural lakes and reservoirs (size, reservoirs (size, existing existing productivity)productivity)
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Vegetation ControlVegetation Control Enhanced fishery Enhanced fishery
up to ~20% up to ~20% coverage by coverage by macrophytesmacrophytes
Problems at higher Problems at higher levels (e.g., Lake levels (e.g., Lake Winona)Winona)
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Vegetation ControlVegetation Control Extensive growth Extensive growth
of macrophtyes of macrophtyes after “restoration” after “restoration” in 1970sin 1970s
Refuge for prey Refuge for prey fishesfishes
Overabundance - Overabundance - stuntingstunting
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Vegetation ControlVegetation Control Mechanical Mechanical
controlscontrols Weed harvestersWeed harvesters
Chemical controlsChemical controls Sonar, AquashadeSonar, Aquashade
Biological controlsBiological controls Grass carpGrass carp
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Stratification & AerationStratification & Aeration
Dissolved ODissolved O22 limits habitat during summer limits habitat during summer Destratification via aeration expands habitat for Destratification via aeration expands habitat for
warmwater fishwarmwater fish Can be modified to provide tiered habitat for Can be modified to provide tiered habitat for
warm- & coldwater fishwarm- & coldwater fish
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Stratification & AerationStratification & Aeration
Aeration can also be used in winter to Aeration can also be used in winter to prevent Oprevent O22 depression below ice, reduce depression below ice, reduce or eliminate winterkillor eliminate winterkill
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Dewatering & Water Dewatering & Water Level FluctuationsLevel Fluctuations
Dewatering to kill off eggs/nests of Dewatering to kill off eggs/nests of undesirable species, drive fish out of undesirable species, drive fish out of cover, consolidate/remove organic and cover, consolidate/remove organic and inorganic sedimentsinorganic sediments
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Dewatering & Water Dewatering & Water Level FluctuationsLevel Fluctuations
Flooding terrestrial vegetation every few Flooding terrestrial vegetation every few years to produce years to produce trophic upsurgetrophic upsurge
Increase overall lake productivity, Increase overall lake productivity, produce strong year-classes of walleye, produce strong year-classes of walleye, white bass, white crappiewhite bass, white crappie
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Habitat DiversityHabitat Diversity Lake/reservoir Lake/reservoir
shape - irregular shape - irregular shape produces shape produces protected habitatsprotected habitats
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Habitat DiversityHabitat Diversity Underwater Underwater
structure - natural structure - natural or artificialor artificial