Labor Law Duka

7/26/2019 Labor Law Duka

1/7

Mock Bar Q & A- Labor Law

By: Cecilio Duka

How to solve wage distortion (uali!y: i! establis"#ent is organi$ed or not

organi$ed(

%! unorgani$ed:' #)loyees and #anage#ent will settle t"e issues*' +ub#it to ,CMB' .o to Labor Arbiter

%! organi$ed:

' +ub#it to grievance #ac"inery*' .o to t"e voluntary arbitrator

Any issue t"at !alls under t"e /urisdiction o! t"e voluntary arbitrator cannot be

sub#itted to t"e Labor Arbiter even by agree#ent between t"e )arties' However0

t"e )arties #ay agree to sub#it t"e issues under t"e /urisdiction o! t"e LaborArbiter to t"e voluntary arbitrator'

A!ter 1 years0 2le a revival o! /udg#ent' A!ter 3 years0 esto))el by lac"es )revent

one to "is rig"t' But )rior 1 years0 one #ay 2le #otion to issue an order o! )re-

e4ecution con!erence'

Holiday )ay does not a))ly w"en t"e e#)loyer e#)loys less t"an 3 e#)loyees'

But t"is reuires t"e e#)loyer to secure )er#it o! e4e#)tion !ro# )ay#ent o! H5'

6"e "earing reuire#ent under t"e rules on dis#issal does not necessarily re!er toverbal "earing' %t ad#its written e4)lanation'

%n certi2cation election0 double #a/ority rule a))lies'

st#a/ority reuire#ent- 137 8 o! t"e total #e#bers"i)

*nd#a/ority reuire#ent-137 8 o! t"e total votes cast

%! t"e st#a/ority reuire#ent is not #et0 t"ere is !ailure o! election (out o! 930 st

#a/ority is *3;

%n certi2cation election0 election0 it is

not a c"oice'

%n case wit"in t"e 1 years )eriod e4)ired wit"out a new CBA signed0 t"e auto#atic

renewal rule will a))ly' Meaning0 t"e old CBA will continue to beco#e t"e CBA !or

t"e ne4t CBA )eriod' ,o new CBA will be entered into a!ter t"e !reedo# )eriod (3

days be!ore t"e end o! 1 years; as )ro"ibited under t"e contract bar rule'


2/7

A!ter t"e rdyear )eriod0 t"e )arties #ay agree on econo#ic bene2ts' %! t"ey can?t

agree on t"e e>ectivity date o! t"e newly agreed econo#ic bene2ts0 sub#it to t"e

voluntary arbitrator'

Auto#atic retroaction- i! t"e new econo#ic bene2t "as been agreed wit"in a )eriod

o! #ont"s !ro# t"e end o! t"e rd

year )eriod0 it will retroact on t"e st

day a!tert"e end o! t"e said )eriod'

Distinguis" !ro# auto#atic renewal'

* li!eti#e o! t"e CBA

' 1 years- )olitical issue- deter#ination as to w"o is t"e bargaining

re)resentative*' years- econo#ic bene2ts

@6- e4ce)tion to t"e rule t"at a))rentice #ust be )aid !or not less t"an 17 o! t"e

)rescribed #ini#u# wage'

,o e#)loyee #ust receive less t"an t"e salary euivalent o! **'1 days (1 days

)lus * o! t"#ont" )ay )lus 1 days +%L;'

6"e no-strike )ro"ibition a))lies only to t"ose agencies.@CCs covered by Civil

+ervice Co##ission' Hence0 .@CCs wit"out original c"arter is not covered by t"e

)ro"ibition'

cono#ic sabotage (syndicatedlarge scale; now )unis"able by li!e i#)rison#ent'

+i#)le illegal recruit#ent- 2ne now increased to *#

nder t"e Batas Easa#ba"ay Law0 do#estic "el)er is entitled to t"#ont" )ay-

e>ective as o! une F0 *3

Mandatory re#ittance o! !oreign earnings:

137- i! wit"out !ree board and lodging0 e4ce)t Do#estic Hel)er0 even w !ree

boardlodging0 still re#it 137

37- ot"er )ro!essionals wit" !ree board and lodgingF37 - sea#en

nder t"e kasa#ba"ay law- DH is entitled to a #ini#u# o! F straig"t "ours o! rest

daily'

@verti#e cannot be o>set against underti#e because it is "ig"er t"an t"e rate o!

t"e latter'


3/7

Gor intra-cor)orate dis)utes-6C "as /urisdiction0 not t"e Labor Arbiter' 6"is a))lies

w"en it involves a cor)orate oIcer (J5 is not recogni$ed as an oIcer as a rule0

unless designated as suc" under t"e by-laws o! t"e cor)oration;'

* regular "olidays- i! unworkedK *337 i! workedK 337

A CBA not registered wit" BL is valid as between t"e union and e#)loyer' But as

against t"e ot"er unions0 it is not recogni$ed0 "ence0 it will not be a bar !or t"e ot"er

union to conduct certi2cation election (contract bar rule will not be availed by t"e

unregistered union;'

eligious !reedo# is a )re!erred rig"t0 "ence0 it #ust be considered by t"e e#)loyer

in 24ing an e#)loyee?s rest day'

nder @ F30 #e#bers o! t"e AG50 5,50 BG5 and BM5 are not allowed to sel!

organi$e'

5re#iu# 5ay- work rendered during rest day or during s)ecial "oliday'

@verti#e)ay- work rendered during regular day'

"en e#)loyee works on "is rest day w"ic" "a))ens to be s)ecial "oliday0 t"e

e#)loyee is entitled to 137'

During s)ecial "oliday0 no )ay0 no suc" t"ing as "oliday )ay because t"e latter

a))lies only to regular "oliday'

%! worked during s)ecial "oliday0 sa#e rule on work during rest day0 e#)loyee

entitled to 37'

6o avail t"e bene2ts under t"e +olo 5arent Act0 one #ust "ave an a))roved

a))lication wit" D+D'

De !acto se)aration- #ore t"an year0 considered abandon#ent0 uali2es t"e

s)ouse wit" custody o! t"e c"ildren as solo )arent'

nder t"e Magna Carta o! o#en0 a wo#an is entitled to * #ont"s leave wit" )ay

(to be )aid by t"e e#)loyer; )rovided t"at s"e worked !or at least #ont"s be!ore

t"e leave'

A))lication !or registration o! !ederation is wit" BL0 not wit" t"e regional oIce' An

inde)endent union o)erating as t"e only union wit"in t"e region0 a))ly wit" t"e


4/7

regional oIce' But i! wit"in t"e region0 t"ere are #ore t"an inde)endent union0

a))ly wit" BL'

A))eal re: a))lication !or registration

' %! a))lication !or registration is #ade wit" regional oIce0 a))eal wit" BL

*' %! a))lication !or registration is #ade wit" t"e BL0 a))eal wit" +ecretary o!Labor

ules on non-di#inution:

Art' 33

Art' *

,on-in/unction ules

Art' *

Art' *190 e4ce)tion: i! issue is constitutionality0 6@ or in/unction can be issued to

en/oin)revent t"e co#)any !ro# i#)le#enting t"e )olicy

By /uris)rudence0 an e#)loyee cannot be co#)elled to retire earlier t"an 3 years

old (#andatory age as )rovided by law; i! "e doesn?t want to0 even i! t"ere is an

e4isting retire#ent )rogra# o! t"e co#)any w"ic" )rovides !or 11 as #andatory

retire#ent age' Co#)ulsion is euivalent to constructive dis#issal'

euisites o! valid strike:

' Jalid grounda' CBA deadlockb' L5- act o! Nyer or union or re)resentatives t"at cause restraint to

unionis#'c' nion busting O also a L5*' ,otice o! strike Osub#it to ,CMB

a' %n case o! CBA deadlock- 3 days be!ore intended strikeb' L5- 1 daysc' nion busting- i##ediate

' Cooling o> )erioda' CBA deadlock- 3 daysb' L5- 1 daysc' nion busting- no cooling o> )eriod but observe t"e days strike ban

9' +trike vote- #a/ority o! t"e total union #e#bers"i)

1' +ub#it strike vote re)ort to ,CMB win *9 "ours !ro# t"e ti#e t"e strike votewas obtained

' @bserve strike ban wit"in days !ro# sub#ission o! +J to ,CMB

strike ban is se)arate !ro# t"e cooling o> )eriod' ,on-co#)liance would

render t"e strike illegal' However0 note t"at t"e strike vote and strike vote

re)ort #aybe wit"in t"e cooling o> )eriod' %n t"is case0 t"e strike #aybe


5/7

undertaken !ro# t"e ti#e t"e strike vote was sub#itted to t"e ,CMB0 not

!ro# t"e end o! t"e cooling o> )eriod'

%llegal dis#issal- reinstate#ent0 backwages and da#ages

%ne>ectual dis#issal- in t"is case0 t"e dis#issal is legal but ine>ectual' ,o

backwages0 no reinstate#ent but e#)loyer will )ay da#ages (i! )rocedural )rocessnot co#)lied wit";'

Abandon#ent- considered as one o! t"e circu#stances analogous to t"e

enu#erated /ust causes o! dis#issal'

ven a#ount is less t"at 1k0 i! wit" clai# !or reinstate#ent0 "ence0 /urisdiction o!

labor arbiter'

%! no e#)loyer-e#)loyee relations"i)- court?s /urisdiction

ssay:

' A' ,o' 6"e e4)iration o! t"e contract #eans t"e e4)iration o! e#)loy#ent'

A!ter t"e t"#ont" )eriod0 t"e e#)loyer is !ree to "ire its e#)loyees'B' +ec' * o! t"e Magna Carta !or disabled )ersons

*' A' Pes0 under Art' *F o! t"e labor code' %n!or# t"e D@L0 regional oIce

#ont" be!ore t"e closure and t"e e#)loyees wit"in sa#e )eriod'B' Pes0 under Article *F0 de)end

Aut"ori$ed causes o! dis#issal:' auto#ation*' edundancy

' etrenc"#ent to )revent losses- no need !or actual losses but it #ust besubstantial

9' Closure or cessation o! o)eration )rovided it is not intended to de!eat t"e

)ur)ose o! t"e law- #ont" salary or #ont" salary w"ic"ever is "ig"er' A' c"eck recording

B' Pes0 but observe due )rocess'

9' @rosco v CA caseA' Mel Janco is an inde)endent contractor0 not considered an e#)loyee'B' Ms' Janco is not a regular e#)loyee'

1' A' @lvido v CA (reuire#ents !or dis#issing e#)loyees under t"e nion

security clause:a' +trictly )rovided in t"e CBAb' A))ly )ros)ectivelyc' +"ould not a))ly to t"e rival o! t"e ot"er union or religious ob/ectorsd' Due )rocess

Answer: )rovision is not valid

C' 6"e co#)any s"ould not dis#iss because it does not a))ly to religious

ob/ectors


6/7

' A' Pes0 t"e continuous re-"iring o! )ro/ect e#)loyee will #ake "i# regular as

long as t"e )ro/ect continuous to e4ist'B' * kinds o! regular e#)loyee:a' t"ose engaged to )er!or# work t"at is usual and necessary in t"e regular

business o! t"e e#)loyerb' )er!or#s work !or at least year0 continuous or inter#ittent (even t"e

work is not necessary or desirable in t"e business o! t"e e#)loyer;

5ro/ect e#)loyee is engaged !or a s)eci2c undertaking wit"in s)eci2c )eriod

o! ti#e'

' A' Pes0 se4ual "arass#ent :a' #oral ascendancy over t"e victi#b' se4ual !avour can be in!erred !ro# t"e actswords0 need not be de#anded

in writing or verbally

B' e#edies in case t"e cri#inal co#)laint was dis#issed0 2le an

ad#inistrative or civil case against t"e o>ender' Quantu# o! )roo! is

di>erent in cri# and ad#in case (w"ic" reuires substantial evidence; and

civil ()re)onderance o! evidence;

4tradition0 neit"er civil nor cri#inal- uantu# o! evidence is clear and

convincing evidence'

F' A' ,o' Cesar was not constructively dis#issed because t"e guard in t"e case

"as been in Roating status only !or 1 #ont"s' %t s"ould be #ont"s'B' Pes0 guards are entitled to t"e bene2ts'

S' A' Pes0 t"e arbiter is correct in dis#issing t"e case but t"e reason is incorrect'%% is an international organi$ation0 not wit"in t"e /urisdiction o! neit"er

labor arbiter or Civil +ervice'B' 5ara#eters by t"e court in legally dis#issed e#)loyee due to loss o! trust

and con2dence:' e#)loyee #ust occu)y a con2dential )osition*' i! #ust be )roven by substantial evidence' due )rocess #ust be observed

3'A' ,o' %t was done during #eal break w"ic" is non-co#)ensable "ence0

e#)loyee is !ree to do w"atever "e wants during t"is )eriod' %t was only

)icketing w"ic" is not illegal'B' Pes0 because w"en0 in t"e o)inion o! t"e secretary o! labor0 t"ere is a strike

or an i#)ending strike0 t"e Labor +ecretary #ay intervene to resolve t"e

issue or certi!y t"e issue to t"e labor arbiter' %n bot" instances0 t"e return to

work order is auto#atic'


7/7

Labor Law Duka

Documents

Transcript of Labor Law Duka