Labor Labor Unrest: 1870-1900 Knights of Labor - 1868 Terence Powderly “An injury to one is the...
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Transcript of Labor Labor Unrest: 1870-1900 Knights of Labor - 1868 Terence Powderly “An injury to one is the...
Labor
Labor Unrest: 1870-1900Labor Unrest: 1870-1900
Knights of Labor - 1868
Knights of Labor - 1868
Terence Terence PowderlyPowderly
““An injury to one is the An injury to one is the concern of all!”concern of all!”
Mother JonesMother Jones
Haymarket Riot (1886)
Haymarket Riot (1886)
McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.
Caption:Justice hurling a bomb
Caption:Liberty is not Anarchy
The American Federation of Labor -1886
Sam Gompers
•Skilled Workers only
•Collective bargaining
•Used strikes as his major tactic.
•Successes: Higher wages, shorter workweeks for skilled workers
How the AFL Would Help the Workers
How the AFL Would Help the Workers
Skilled Workers OnlySkilled Workers Only
National Legislation.National Legislation.
Strike Fund.Strike Fund.
Prevented disputes among craft Prevented disputes among craft unions.unions.
Mediated disputes between Mediated disputes between management and labor.management and labor.
Pushed for closed shopsPushed for closed shops
A Striker Confronts a SCABA Striker Confronts a SCAB
The “Corporate Bully-Boys” Pinkerton AgentsThe “Corporate Bully-Boys” Pinkerton Agents
Homestead Steel Strike (1892) Crushed by Harrison
Homestead Steel Strike (1892) Crushed by Harrison
The Amalgamated The Amalgamated Association of Association of
Iron & Steel WorkersIron & Steel Workers
Carnegie’s Carnegie’s Homestead Steel Homestead Steel
Works outside Works outside PittsburghPittsburgh
President Grover Cleveland
President Grover ClevelandCrushes Pullman Crushes Pullman
Strike (1894)Strike (1894)
““If it takes the If it takes the entire army entire army and navy to and navy to deliver a deliver a postal card in postal card in Chicago, that Chicago, that card will be card will be delivered!”delivered!”
Management vs. Labor
Management vs. Labor““Tools” of Tools” of
ManagementManagement““Tools” of Tools” of
LaborLabor
““scabs”scabs”
P. R. campaignP. R. campaign
PinkertonsPinkertons
lockoutlockout
blacklistingblacklisting
yellow-dog contractsyellow-dog contracts
court injunctionscourt injunctions
open shopopen shop
boycottsboycotts
sympathy sympathy demonstrationsdemonstrations
informational informational picketingpicketing
closed shopsclosed shops
organized organized strikesstrikes
““wildcat” strikeswildcat” strikes
Early Union Efforts are generally unsuccessful
• Owners did not allow union meetings• Made employees sign “yellow-dog
contracts” – no strikes• The Sherman Antitrust Act against labor –
said a strike, picket line, boycott would hurt interstate trade = federal troops
• 14th Amendment used to protect corporations.
• Blackballed union workers
Women in theLabor
Movement• Mother Jones – Mary Harris Jones• Led miners in strikes.• Exposes the cruelties of child labor – led 80 mill
children with deformities and injuries to President Roosevelt’s home.
• Influenced child labor laws.
• One of the founding members of the I. W. W. in 1905.
Labor Union MembershipLabor Union Membership