Lab Waste Water
description
Transcript of Lab Waste Water
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
WATER AND WASTE WATER ENGINEERING
LABORATORY
EXPERIMENT 1
“JAR TEST”
GROUP MEMBERS
NO NAME NO. MATRIX
1 AMIRUDDIN BIN NASHARUDDIN 14DKA13F1058
2 MUHAMMAD ZULFADHLI BIN NGADIRIN 14DKA13F1008
3 MUHAMMAD ANIFF BIN NASARRUDIN 14DKA12F2037
4 MUHAMMAD ARIFF AMIRUDDIN BIN ABD
RAHMAN
14DKA13F1004
5 ABDUL AZIM BIN ABDUL RAZAK 14DKA13F1014
OBJECTIVE
To determine the optimal coagulant does which will produce the highest
removal of a given water turbidity.
APPARATUS
1 Jar test apparatus with six rotating paddles blade
image
2 Six (6) beakers image
3 pH meter image
4 Turbidity meter image
5 Pipette image
REAGENT
1. Aluminium sulphate (alum) with a known concentration or anionic/cationic coagulant such as ferrous sulphate and ferric chloride.
THEORY
Raw water and waste water is normally turbid containing solid particles of
varying sizes. Particles with sizes greater than 50 µm settle fairly rapidly. The settling
velocities of colloidal particle of sizes less than 50 µm are very slow. Thus, these
particles are an courage to collide leading to coalescence of particle to from flocs
particles, which are bigger and heavier. These particle will higher setting velocities
and easily settle out. Colloidal particles do not agglomerate by itself due to the
presence of repulsive surface forces. A process is needed to suppress these forces
so as to allow flocs formation. This process is called coagulation process.
It is actually the addiction of chemical coagulant to the raw water or waste
water. Coagulant that are normally used are salts of aluminium namely aluminium
sulphate and ferric salts namely ferrous sulphate and ferric chloride. The next
process that follows the coagulation process is flocculation. It is the process that
promotes particles collision due to gentle agitation resulting in agglomeration of
smaller non-settle able particles into flocs (bigger particles) which settles easily to
produce clarified water. Addition of coagulant aid such as synthetic polymer will
accelerate settling.
PROCEDURES
1. Select any coagulant aid from the bench.
2. Prepare samples of waste water into six different beakers with one litre each
and label the beakers.
3. Add in coagulant aid with different dosage and one control sample.
4. Run the experiment.
5. Observe the result.
RESULT AND CALCULATION
JAR TEST 1 (Set the coagulant does)
Initial turbidity: 16 NTU
Initial pH: 8.34 23ºc
pH adjustment (base) : _______mg/L of _________
pH adjustment (acid) : _______mg/L of _________
Coagulant concentration : __________mg/L
Jar No 1 2 3 4 5 6
pH 7.96 7.63 7.43 7.18 6.98 8.05
Coagulant
dose (mg/L)
1 2 3 4 5 Control
Agitate
(minute)
10 10 10 10 10 None
Fast (rpm) 40 40 40 40 40 None
Slow (rpm) - - - - - None
Setting depth
(mm)
1.7 2.1 2.8 3.5 4 1
Turbidity
(NTU)
1 1 11 0 2 21
Floc formation
(final 10
minutes)
Size
B
Size
C
Size
D
Size
E
Size
F
Size
A
Floc formation can be recorded by referring to the measurement scale as depicted in figure 1.
Figure 1 : Scale for measurement of floc sizes
DATA ANALYSIS
1. Compare the level of turbidity in each sample.
2. With the aid of a graph, show the relationship between pH and turbidity with respect to coagulant dosage.
3. From the graph, get the optimum value for pH and coagulant dose of the coagulation process.
4. Explain the implication of using different dosage of aluminium sulphate in the treatment process.
DISCUSSION
1. By using aluminium sulphate, the mechanism is:
Al³ + 3H2O Al(OH)3 + 3H
2. How the coagulant works?
3. Name three types of acid and base which are suitable for pH neutralization.
4. What the benefits of using coagulant aids?
5. In what way the dosage of aluminium sulphate in the treatment process can be reduced?
6. Instead of Al2(SO4)3, name another three coagulant that can be best used as coagulant aid.
CONCLUSION