LAB 4 mollusca si anelida.doc

8/9/2019 LAB 4 mollusca si anelida.doc

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LAB4ANIMAL DIVERSITY III: PHYLA MOLLUSCAAND ANNELIDA.

INTRODUCTION

This laborator !ill b" o#r $irst "%a&i'atio' o$

th" (o"lo&at" )hla. A' i'(r"as" i' str#(t#ral

(o&)l"%it o*"r th" a(o"ls a'+ )s"#+o(o"ls !ill

b" "*i+"'t.

EXERCISE 4.1 Phylum Mollusca.

MATERIALS NEEDED:

Pr"s"r*"+Mytilusor oth"r bi*al*".

Pr"s"r*"+ r")r"s"'tati*"s $or "a(h (lass o$

Moll#s(a a'+ (l"a'"+ sh"lls $ro& "a(h (lass.

Diss"(ti', -it (o&)o#'+ &i(ros(o)" ,lass

)lat"s $i',"r bo!ls.

Th" Phl#& Moll#s(a is s"(o'+ i' si/" o'l to

th" Phl#& Arthro)o+a. Altho#,h &"&b"rs o$

this )hl#& ar" "%tr"&"l +i*"rs" i' str#(t#r"

)hsiolo, a'+ habits th" ar" b#ilt o' a

#'i$or& bo+ )la' (o'sisti', o$ a mantl shlla'+ !oot. Th" &a'tl" s"(r"t"s th" sh"ll a'+ is

so&"ti&"s i'*ol*"+ i' r"s)iratio'. Th" sh"ll

)ro*i+"s s#))ort )rot"(tio' a'+ s"(#r"

atta(h&"'ts $or s(l"s. Th" $oot is $l"sh a'+

(o'tai's &ost o$ th" *is("ra.

PROCEDURE:

0. C"l"a#y$muco"% &%"n' "n Clams. Ha'+s

(la!s a'+ t""th ar" 'ot th" o'l !as a'i&als

(oll"(t a'+ i',"st $oo+. So&" r"l o' s#(-"rs

1$l#-"s a'+ l"a(h"s $or "%a&)l"2 !hil" oth"rs

ha*" s)"(iali/"+ &o#th)arts 1th" (h"!i',s#(-i', si)ho'i', a'+ s)o',i', &o#th)arts o$

i's"(ts2. I' this )ortio' o$ th" laborator o#

!ill obs"r*" th" )ro("ss"s o$ (iliar3(oi+

$""+i', b a (la&. Cla&s ar" i' th" )hl#&

Moll#s(a (lass Bi*al*ia a trait th" shar" i'

(o&&o' !ith oth"r tast b"asts s#(h as ss"ls

s(allo)s a'+ ost"rs. Bi*al*"s ha*" t!o lat"ral

sh"lls 1(al(s2 hi',"+ at th"ir +orsal s#r$a(" to

"'(los" th" bo+ 1h"'(" th" 'a&" bi*al*ia2.

Th" ,ills 1ctn"%"a2 ar" #'#s#all lar," a'+ ar"

#s"+ $or both r"s)iratio' a'+ as a $oo+3,ath"ri',

+"*i(". Parts o$ th" )ost"rior &a'tl" ar"

&o+i$i"+ to $or& )cu##nt a'+ "ncu##nts"*hons 1thro#,h !hi(h !at"r is )#&)"+ to

*"'tilat" a'+ $""+ th" a'i&al2. Most bi*al*"s ar"a+a)t"+ to a b#rro!i', li$"stl" !hil" oth"rs

&a atta(h to a s#bstrat#& b !ith to#,h +yssal

th#a%s. So&" s!i& b ra)i+l (la))i', th"ir

sh"lls to,"th"r 1s(allo)s $or "%a&)l"2.

5. Obtai' a (la& $ro& o#r i'str#(tor a'+ ori"'t th"

a'i&al so that th" um+o 1a s!"lli', '"ar th"

hi',"2 is at th" to)3l"$t o$ th" )a' 16i, 4.02. Yo#r

(la& is 'o! li', o' its ri,ht si+" !ith th"

a't"rior to!ar+ th" l"$t )ost"rior at th" ri,ht

+orsal s#r$a(" at th" to) a'+ *"'tral s#r$a(" atth" botto& o$ th" )a' 1&a-" s#r" it loo-s li-"

th" +ia,ra& so o# +o'7t ,"t (o'$#s"+2. Th" t!o

lar,"st s(l"s i' th" (la& ar" th" ant#"o#a'+

*ost#"o# a%%ucto# muscls 16i, 4.02. Th"

a++#(tor s(l"s !or- to,"th"r to hol+ th"

*al*"s o$ th" (la& (los"+. Th" hi'," is "lasti(

so to o)"' th" *al*"s th" (la& '""+ o'l r"la%

th" a++#(tors. Th" ant#"o# a'+ *ost#"o#

#t#acto# musclsar" lo(at"+ '"ar th" a++#(tors

a'+ ar" #s"+ to +ra! th" $oot ba(- i'to th" sh"ll.

To "%t"'+ th" $oot o#t o$ th" sh"ll th" (la& $ills

it !ith bloo+.

CAUTION: I! you %o th clam *#*a#at"on,

+ ca#!ul cutt"n' th a%%ucto# muscls -&"'

4.1. Do not sl"c to/a#% you# *alm o# oth#

!a(o#"t +o%y *a#ts +caus th clam may

su%%nly o*n o# scal*l may sl"*.


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&"'u# 4.1. St#uctu#s assoc"at% /"th !%"n' "n th clam.

8. I's"rt th" s(al)"l bla+" b"t!""' th" sh"lls

-"")i', it a,ai'st th" to) *al*" 1th" (la&7s l"$t

sh"ll2. Us" a sa!i', &otio' to (#t both th"

a't"rior a'+ )ost"rior a++#(tor s(l"s 1lo(at"

th"& b $""l9 6i, 4.02. "") th" bla+" a,ai'st

th" #))"r sh"ll to a*oi+ +a&a,i', i't"r'alor,a's. ;h"' both a++#(tors ar" (#t th" (la&

!ill "asil o)"'. Th" thi' $la) o$ tiss#" li',

a,ai'st th" sh"ll is th" mantl. Not" ho! th"

&a'tl" is thi(-"'"+ at th" )ost"rior "'+. Th"s"

str#(t#r"s li" a,ai'st th" si&ilar thi(-"'i',s o'

th" oth"r sh"ll &a'tl" to $or& )cu##nt a'+

"ncu##nt si)ho's 16i, 4.02. ;at"r a'+

&i(roor,a'is&s ar" )#&)"+ thro#,h th"

i'(#rr"'t si)ho' b (iliar &o*"&"'ts. Th"

!at"r th"' $lo!s o*"r th" ,ills 1ctn"%"a2 !h"r"

o%,"' is "%(ha',"+ $or (arbo' +io%i+". M#(#s3

)ro+#(i', ("lls (oat th" s#r$a(" o$ th" ,ills !ith

a sti(- tra) to (a)t#r" &i(roor,a'is&s i' th"

$lo!i', !at"r. Cilia )ro)"l th" sh""t o$ (#s

to!ar+ th" bas" o$ th" ,ill !h"r" it is roll"+ i'to

$i'" thr"a+s or s)h"r"s 1(la& boo,"rs


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&"'u# 4.0. I't"r'al str#(t#r" o$ a (la&. S"" t"%t $or +"tails.

Not" ho! th" "ntst"n)ass"s thro#,h th" ("'t"r o$ th" *"'tri(l". E%)os" th" "%ny1lo(at"+ *"'tral to

th" h"art2 a'+ tra(" th" r"&ai'+"r o$ th" i't"sti'" to th" anus1'"ar th" "%(#rr"'t si)ho'. Nitro,"'o#s

!ast"s $ro& th" -i+'" (arbo' +io%i+" $ro& th" ,ills a'+ $"("s ar" "%)"ll"+ at th" "%(#rr"'t si)ho'.

?. Classs "n th Phylum Mollusca. Th" )hl#& Moll#s(a is +i*i+"+ i'to s"*"' (lass"s 1t!o th"

A*laco*ho#aa'+ Mono*laco*ho#aar"'ot (o*"r"+ h"r"2. E%a&i'" th" )r"s"r*"+ a'+ li*i', s)"(i&"'sas o# !or- thro#,h this s"(tio'. Co&)ar" o#r "%a&)l"s o$ "a(h (lass to thos" o$ 6i,#r" 4.8. R"(or+

o#r obs"r*atio's@s-"t(h"s o$ (lass r")r"s"'tati*"s i' th" r"s#lts s"(tio'.

Class 2"(al("a. M"&b"rs o$ this (lass i'(l#+" (la&s ss"ls s(allo)s a'+ ost"rs 1this (lass is also

-'o!' as Class P"l"()o+a or La&"llibra'(hia2. ;"7*" alr"a+ (o*"r"+ this (lass i' so&" +"tail so

!"7ll (o'("'trat" o' "%a&)l"s $or th" oth"r (lass"s.

A B C D E F G H

I

J

K

L

MNOP

Q

R

S

T

A) UMBO

B) DIGESTIVE GLAND

C) STOMACH

D) PERICARDIUM

E) VENTRICLE

F) AURICLE

G) KIDNEY

H) POSTERIOR ADDUCTOR

I) ANUS

J) EXCURRENT SIPHON

K) INCURRENT SIPHON

L) MANTLE

M) GILL

N) DIGESTIVE GLAND

O) INTESTINE

P) FOOT

Q) PALPS

R) MOUTH

S) ANTERIOR ADDUCTOR

T) ESOPHAGUS

U


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A

B

C

D

E

&"'u# 4.3. R*#sntat"( o! th Phylum Mollusca. 1A2 A (la& Class 2"(al("a9 1B2 A s'ail Class

ast#o*o%a9 1C2 A tooth sh"ll Class Sca*ho*o%a9 1D2 A' o(to)#s Class C*halo*o%a9 a'+ 1E2 a

(hito' Class Poly*laco*ho#a.

Class ast#o*o%a. This is th" lar,"st a'+

&ost !i+"l3+istrib#t"+ o$ th" &oll#s(a'

(lass"s. Th" 'a&" ,astro)o+a lit"rall&"a's sto&a(h3$oot 1th"s" a'i&als (ra!l

aro#'+ o' th"ir sto&a(h2. E%a&)l"s o$

,astro)o+s i'(l#+" s'ails abalo'" li&)"ts

'#+ibra'(hs a'+ sl#,s. ;hil" th" s'ails

abalo'" a'+ li&)"ts ha*" r"tai'"+ th"ir

sh"lls thos" o$ '#+ibra'(hs a'+ sl#,s ha*"

b""' s"(o'+aril lost. S'ails t)i(all ha*"

s)iral sh"lls so&"ti&"s !ith a' o)"r(#l#&

1a tra) +oor #s"+ to (los" o$$ th" "'tra'("

o$ th" sh"ll !h"' th" s'ail !ith+ra!s to th"

i't"rior2. Abalo'" sh"lls s#)"r$i(iall

r"s"&bl" a si',l" (la&sh"ll. Th"ir sh"llho!"*"r has a ro! o$ r"s)irator hol"s

alo', o'" "+,". Li&)"t sh"lls ar" (o'i(al

!ith a hol" at th" to) 1also a' a+a)tatio' $orr"s)iratio'2. N#+ibra'(hs ar" sh"ll3l"ss

&ari'" $or&s !ith "%)os"+ ,ills 1th"ir 'a&"

&"a's 'a-"+ ,ill29 so&" ar" "%tr"&"l

(olor$#l. Sl#,s $or o#r )#r)os"s ar" s'ails

!itho#t sh"lls. astro)o+s ar" $o#'+ o' la'+

a'+ i' both $r"sh a'+ salt3!at"r habitats.D")"'+i', o' th" s)"(i"s th" &a b"

)r"+a(io#s h"rbi*oro#s or s(a*"',"rs. A

$"! ar" a+a)t"+ $or s#s)"'sio' $""+i',.

astro)o+s li-" oth"r &oll#s-s ha*" a

)"(#liar $il"3li-" to',#" (all"+ a #a%ula. I$

li*i', $r"sh!at"r s'ails ar" a*ailabl" o#

&a b" abl" to obs"r*" th" #s" o$ th" ra+#la

as th" a'i&als $""+ o' al,a" "'(r#st"+ o'

th" si+"s o$ th" ta'-.

Class Poly*laco*ho#a -5 Am*h"nu#"a.

Pol)la(o)hora's 1(hito's2 ha*" sh"lls

(o&)os"+ o$ "i,ht o*"rla))i', )lat"s that atl"ast )artiall (o*"r"+ b th" &a'tl". Th"

ar" al&ost )r"histori( i' a))"ara'(". Most

$""+ o' al,a" a'+ oth"r "'(r#sti',or,a'is&s b s(ra)i', th"& o$$ th" s#r$a("

o$ ro(-s !ith a ra+#la. Th" ar" (o&&o'

i'habita'ts o$ th" i't"rti+al /o'". E%a&i'"


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th" )r"s"r*"+ or li*i', (hito's o' +is)la.

;hat ar" th" &a=or str#(t#ral +i$$"r"'("s

b"t!""' th"s" b"asts a'+ a sh"ll3l"ss

,astro)o+2. T#r' o#r

"arth!or& o*"r 1+orsal si+" #)2 a'+ )ositio' it

alo', o'" "+," o$ th" +iss"(ti', )a' so o# (a'

*i"! o#r s)"(i&"' #'+"r a +iss"(ti',

&i(ros(o)". Pi' it +o!' thro#,h th"

)rosto&i#& th"' $#rth"r ba(- 1a'!h"r" b"hi'+

th" (lit"ll#& !o#l+ b" $i'"2. C#t a slit i' th"

+orsal s#r$a(" '"ar th" )ost"rior )i'. Usi',

s(issors or a s(al)"l 1!hi(h"*"r o# ar" &ost

(o&$ortabl" !ith2 "%t"'+ th" (#t $or!ar+ to th"

$irst s",&"'t. B" (ar"$#l 'ot to (#t too +"").

Starti', at s",&"'t o'" #s" a s(al)"l to (#t th"

s")tathat i't"r'all +i*i+" th" s",&"'ts 16i,#r"

4.>2. C#t th" s")ta so that th" s-i' (a' b" lai+$lat. Us" a++itio'al )i's to hol+ th" i't",#&"'to)"' a'+ "%)os" th" or,a's. ;h"'"*"r )ossibl"

)la(" th" )i's i' "*"r $i$th or t"'th s",&"'t9

this allo!s o# to "asil lo(at" or,a's !itho#t

ha*i', to r"(o#'t. Co'ti'#" to la th" s-i' ba(-

#'til o# ha*" #'(o*"r"+ a ("'ti&"t"r or so o$

th" i't"sti'". Starti', at th" a't"rior "'+ lo(at"

th" s(#lar *ha#yn) 1'ot" th" thr"a+li-"

s(l"s (o''"(t"+ to th" bo+ !all2. This is

$ollo!"+ b a totall t#b#lar so*ha'us !hi(h

t"r&i'at"s i' a c#o* 1th" !i+"r or,a' '"ar

s",&"'t 0>2. Post"rior to th" (ro) o# !ill $i'+th" '"a#%. "'tl )r"ss o' th" (ro) a'+

,i//ar+ to t"st th"ir $ir&'"ss. ;hil" th" (ro) is

so$t a'+ thi' th" ,i//ar+ is *"r s(#lar 1soil

is ,ro#'+ #) a'+ (h#r'"+ !ithi' th" ,i//ar+2.

Th" ,i//ar+ is $ollo!"+ b a lo', i't"sti'".

R")ro+#(ti*" str#(t#r"s start at s",&"'t 'i'".

I+"'ti$ th" sm"nal #c*tacls 1b#lbli-"or,a's i' s",&"'ts 'i'" a'+ t"'2 a'+ sm"nal

(s"cls 1s",&"'ts F000052. Oth"r

r")ro+#(ti*" or,a's ar" #s#all +i$$i(#lt to

i+"'ti$ i' )r"s"r*"+ s)"(i&"'s. Th"s" i'(l#+"

th" tst"s1s",&"'ts 0 a'+ 002 sm"nal!unnls1o)"'i', at 0 a'+ 00 a'+ "%t"'+i', as s*#m

%uctsto 0>2 a'+ o(a#"s1s",&"'t 0>2. Att"&)t

to lo(at" th"s" str#(t#r"s i' o#r s)"(i&"'. Us"

o#r t"%t to +"t"r&i'" th" $#'(tio' o$ "a(h

1r"(or+ i' th" R"s#lts S"(tio'2. Th" (ir(#lator

sst"& is *isibl" as a %o#sal +loo% (ssl

r#''i', alo', th" #))"r s#r$a(" o$ th" +i,"sti*"

sst"& 1a (nt#al (sslis hi++"' o' th" lo!"r

si+"9 6i,#r" 4.G2. Th" +orsal a'+ *"'tral *"ss"ls

ar" (o''"(t"+ b $i*" )airs o$

c"#cumso*ha'al (ssls 1ha#ts2 starti', at

s",&"'t s"*"'. E%a&i'" o#r a'i&al #'+"r aha'+ l"'s or +iss"(ti', &i(ros(o)" to lo(at" th"

n*h#"%"ai' "a(h bo+ s",&"'t 1th" ar" "asi"r

to $i'+ '"ar th" i't"sti'"2. Th" '")hri+ia a(t as

-i+'"s to r"&o*" !ast"s that (oll"(t i' th"

colom"c$l#i+ 1i' th" bo+ (a*iti"s b"t!""' th"

s")ta2. Lo(at" th" !hit" 1,ra


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+#a"n1or c#+#al 'an'l"on2 at th" a't"rior "'+

1i' $ro't o$ th" )har'%2. A )air o$ '"r*"s 1th"

c"#cum*ha#yn'al connct"(s2 s#rro#'+s th"

)har'% a'+ l"a+s to th" *"'tral '"r*" (or+.

"'tl )#sh th" i't"sti'" asi+" to "%)os" th"

#'+"rli', *"'tral '"r*" (or+. ;ithi' "a(h

s",&"'t o# !ill $i'+ a s&all -'ot o$ '"r*o#s

tiss#" 1th" s'mntal 'an'l"on2. Ea(h ,a',lio'

is r"s)o'sibl" $or (o'trolli', s(#lar

&o*"&"'ts !ithi' its o!' s",&"'t. Th" (nt#al

n#( co#% allo!s ,a',lia to (o&'i(at"

a&o', th"&s"l*"s to (oor+i'at" th"ir a(ti*it.

4. M"c#osco*"c E)am"nat"on o! an Ea#th/o#m.

E%a&i'" a (ross s"(tio' o$ a' "arth!or& #'+"r

s(a''i', a'+ lo! )o!"r a'+ lo(at" th"

str#(t#r"s i'+i(at"+ i' 6i,#r" 4.G. O$ !hat

$#'(tio'al si,'i$i(a'(" is th" arra',"&"'t o$ th"

(ir(#lar a'+ lo',it#+i'al s(l"s i' o#r

s)"(i&"'< ;h +o"s th" i't"sti'" ha*" a

sh"l$li-" ty*hlosolr#''i', alo', its l"',th

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