Lab #11

Appendicular skeleton

Bone Practical

• 50 points• On 11/8 - One week from Thursday • Covers all the bones and bone parts on

the axial and appendicular skeleton list• About half axial, half appendicular stations

with disarticulated bones (e.g. a tibia)• Know names of bones and bone parts,

locations, and general functions.• For appendicular bones, know L vs R

Appendicular skeleton

• Pectoral girdle

• Arms, wrists, hands

• Pelvic girdle

• Legs, ankles, feet

The Pectoral Girdle

• Attaches the upper appendages to the axial skeleton– Scapula:

shoulder/blade– Clavicle: collarbone

Figure 8–2a

Scapula - shoulder

• What you need to know:

• spine, acromion process, glenoid fossa, supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa, subscapular fossa, coracoid process

Scapula

Clavicle - collarbone

Parts: sternal end, body, acromial end

What attaches the pectoral girdle?

• NOTE: the maunubrium-clavicular joint is the only direct connection between axial and appendicular skeleton – that’s it!

Humerus – “Arm”

Arm

• Parts of the humerus: head, neck, greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, lateral epicondyle, medial epicondyle, trochlea, capitulum, coronoid fossa, olecranon fossa, deltoid tuberosity

Radius and ulna - forearm

Forearm

• parts of the ulna - olecranon process, coronoid process, semilunar (trochlear) notch, radial notch, styloid process, head

• parts of the radius - head, neck, radial tuberosity, styloid process, ulnar notch

Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges(wrist, palm, fingers)

Wrist, palm, fingers

• Wrist - types of carpals - scaphoid, lunate, triquetral (triangular), pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capate, hamate

• Palm – metacarpals, numbered I –V starting with thumb. Parts of the metacarpals – base (proximal), shaft, head (distal)

• Fingers – phlanges, also numbered 1 -5 types and parts of the phalanges – proximal, middle, distal, pollex.

Carpal Mnemonics

• From lateral (thumb side) to medial and proximal to distal in two rows:

• “Some lovers try positions that two can't handle.”

• “Sally left the party to take Cathy home.”

• Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Thumb side

P SLT

TTCH

Carpal Mnemonics

“Please tell Luke Sykwalker to take Chewy home”

• Proximal row medial to lateral: Please (pisiform) tell (triquetrum) Luke (lunate) Skywalker (scaphoid)

• Distal row lateral to medial: to (trapezium) take (trapezoid) Chewy (capitate) home (hamate

The Pelvic Girdle

• Made up of 2 hipbones (ossa coxae)

• Strong to bear body weight, stress of movement

• Part of the pelvis

Os Coxae

• Made up of 3 fused bones:– ilium (articulates with sacrum)– ischium– pubis

Coxal bones – hip bones

Os coxae

• You need to know:

ilium, ischium, pubis, iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine, posterior superior iliac spine, anterior inferior iliac spine, posterior inferior iliac spine, greater sciatic notch, ischial tuberosity, lesser sciatic notch,, acetabulum, obturator foramen, pubic symphysis, sacroiliac joint

Pelvis = coxae + sacrum

Femur - thigh

Femur

• parts of the femur - head, neck, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, lateral epicondyle, medial epicondyle, lateral condyle, medial condyle, intercondylar fossa, patellar surface

Patella - kneecap

Patella

• parts of the patella - base, apex, articular facets

Tibia and fibula - leg

Parts of the leg (lower leg)

• parts of the tibia - lateral condyle, medial condyle, tibial tuberosity, intercondylar eminence, medial malleolus

• parts of the fibula - head, neck, lateral malleolus

Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges(ankles, feet, toes)

Ankles, feet, toes

• Ankle: types of tarsals - calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, first, second, and third (lateral, intermediate and medial) cuneiform

• Foot: parts of the metatarsals - proximal), shaft, head (distal)

• Toes: types and parts of the phalanges - proximal, middle, distal, hallus.

Tarsal mnemonics

• “Clever Tibetans Navigate: 1 – 2 – 3 – Carefully”

• The Seven Tarsals: Calcaneus, Talus, Navicular, First, Second, and Third ( also called lateral, intermediate and medial) cuneiforms, Cuboid

Tarsal mnemonics

• “Tall Centers Never Take Shots From Corners”

• Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, Third cuneiform, Second cuneiform, First cuneiform, Cuboid

Today’s lab

• Work thorough activities using bones and models (palpating activities are good)

Due Thurs 11/1: Lab 9

Due Thurs 11/8: Labs 10, 11, 12, 13