Lab. 1 회로의기초및계측장비사용법 - HANSUNG · 2016. 8. 29. · Diode의특성 32...
Transcript of Lab. 1 회로의기초및계측장비사용법 - HANSUNG · 2016. 8. 29. · Diode의특성 32...
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Lab. 1 회로의 기초 및 계측장비 사용법
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이 실험의 목표
기초 Analogy 회로의 이해
Analogy 회로 실험을 위한 기초 실험장비 습득 Multimeter를 이용한 Voltage, Current, Resistor 측정법
Color Code에 의한 저항값 읽는 법
Diode의 사용 방법과 기호 이해
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기초 회로 개념
DC 회로에 대한 물리적 model
pump = voltage source
water = flow of current
ocean = ground
pipe = wire
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기초 회로 개념
저항에 대한 물리적 model
pebbles in pipe = resistance to flow of current
Low Resistance High Resistance
Small drop in pressure.
Large current flow through pipe
Large drop in pressure.
Small current flow through pipe
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기초 회로 개념
Symbols
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기초 회로 개념
Circuit Symbols
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기초 회로 개념
Open-Circuit and Short-Circuit Troubles An open circuit has zero current flow.
A short circuit has excessive current flow (As R approaches 0, Iapproaches ).
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기초 회로 개념
Physics와 Electronics의 비교
ELECTRONICS
PHYSICS
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기초 회로 개념
Ohm의 법칙 (V=IR) The effect of changing voltage on current, if resistance is held
constant.
The effect of changing resistance on current, if voltage is held constant.
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기초 회로 개념
Electricity starts with electrons
Every atom contains one or more electrons An atom consists of a nucleus
of protons and neutronssurrounded by a group of orbiting electrons.
Electrons are negative, protons are positive.
In its normal state, each atom has an equal number of electrons and protons.
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기초 회로 개념
Elements with large number of free electrons in their outer rings make good conductors
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기초 회로 개념
+++- -
-
+++- -
-
+++- -
-
+++- -
-(Pressure)
How does electricity flow?What causes electrons to move from atom to atom?
Voltage Pushes the electrons Voltage Pushes the electrons Voltage Pushes the electrons Voltage Pushes the electrons
Voltage
(Electromotive Force)
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기초 회로 개념
How does electricity flow?What causes electrons to move from atom to atom?
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+++-
-
+++-
-
+++-
-
+++-
-
Voltage(Pressure)
(Electromotive Force)
--
- - -- -
- - --
-- - -
--
Voltage Pushes the electrons
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기초 회로 개념
How does electricity flow?What causes electrons to move from atom to atom?
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+++-
-
+++-
-
+++-
-
+++-
-
Voltage(Pressure)
(Electromotive Force)
--
- - -- -
- - --
-- - -
--
The flow of the electrons is referred to as Current
Electron Flow is measured in Amps
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Breadboard의 사용법
Divider
Connected(horizontally)
Connected(horizontally)
Connected(vertically)
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Breadboard의 사용법
Behind the Breadboard Scene
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Breadboard의 사용법
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Note: Banana connectors are not connected internally to the holes in the board.Check continuity of power rails at top and bottom.
Banana connectors
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Breadboard의 사용법
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Multimeter 사용법
Digital multimeter Select the Function: Voltage (DC or AC), Current, Resistance Measurements
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Multimeter 사용법
Switched Type Autoranging Type
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Multimeter 사용법
Multimeter as a Voltmeter To use a multimeter as a voltmeter it is connected in parallel
between the two points where the measurement is to be made
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Multimeter 사용법
Multimeter as a Ammeter To measure current you need to power off the circuit, you need
to break the circuit so that the ammeter can be connected in series
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Multimeter 사용법
Multimeter as a Ohmmeter Component has to be removed from circuit Start at lowest Ohm setting
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Multimeter 사용법
Test circuit:
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DC Power Supply
All electronic circuits need a DC power source to work
The power supply converts the AC into DC and provides one or more DC output voltages.
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저항 읽는 법
Types of Resistors Wire-wound resistors Carbon-composition resistors Surface-mount resistors (chip resistors) Thermistors
Wire-wound
Carbon-composition
Surface-mountThermistors
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저항 읽는 법
Resistor color code Resistors are small, so their R value in ohms is marked using a
color-coding system Colors represent numerical values Coding is standardized by the Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA)
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저항 읽는 법
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Examples
Yellow = 4
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저항 읽는 법
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Five-Band Color Code Precision resistors often use a five-band code to obtain more
accurate R values The first three stripes indicate the first 3 digits in the R value The fourth stripe is the multiplier The tolerance is given by the fifth stripe
Brown = 1%Red = 2%Green = 0.5%Blue = 0.25%Violet = 0.1%
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저항 읽는 법
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Alphanumeric Labeling Two or three digits, and one of the letters R, K, or M
are used to identify a resistance value. The letter is used to indicate the multiplier, and its
position is used to indicate decimal point position.
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Resistor Troubles
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All experienced technicians have seen a burnt resistor.
This is usually caused by a short somewhere else in the circuit which causes a high current to flow in the resistor.
When a resistor’s power rating is exceeded, it can burn open or drift way out of tolerance.
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Diode의 특성
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PN-junction Diode applications Rectifiers Switching diodes Zener diodes Varactor diodes (Varactor = Variable reactance)
Photodiodes
Solar Cells
Light Emitting Diodes
Lasers Diodes
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Schematic Device
Circuit Symbol
P NID
+ VD –
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Diode의 특성
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Diode의 특성
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(PN- junction I-V Characteristics)
1D
B
qVk T
D oI I e
DI
DV
Diode Equation:
:oI Reverse Saturation current
:Bk Tq
Thermal Voltage (0.0259)
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ID
+VD
–
VD ID
Diode의 특성
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Example: Analyze Diode in a circuit
KVL:Since
at room temperature, we have
9 [V] 1000 DI V
12 0.0259 [V]1 10 1D D
B
qV Vk T
D oI I I e e-æ ö æ ö÷ ÷ç ç÷ ÷ç ç= = - -÷ ÷ç ç÷ ÷ç ç ÷÷ çç è øè ø
9 0.0259 [V]9 [V] 10 1DV
De V
(where )1[pA]oI