La oracion – The sentence:

FNFV

Tobe

•Shakespeare is the author of Hamlet.

Is Shakespeare the author of Hamlet?

WHO is the author of Hamlet?

Shakespeare is not the author of Hamlet.

Quotation“The novel is the book of life”

(D.H.Lawrence)

• One Hundred Years of Solitude and Love in times of Anger are

Garcia Marquez’s works.

• Are One Hundred Years of Solitude and Love in times of Anger Garcia

Marquez’s works?

•Who was the author of One Hundred years of

Solitude?

One Hundred Years of Solitude and Love in Times of Anger are not

Ernesto Sabato’s works.

Question wordsHow Which

How long WhereHow deep WhenHow old Why

WhoWhomWhoseWhat

Examples

1- How long is the novel?

2- How deep is the story?

3- How old is Garcia Marquez?

4- Who is the author of De Pe a Pa?

5- Who was the last winner of the Nobel Prize of Literature?

6- Whom does Bioy Casares dedicate his book?

7- Whose is Love in Times of Anger?

8- What’s the name of Cortazar’s most famousnovel?

9- Which play do you prefer: Hamlet or Macbeth?

10- Where is Luisa Futoransky from?

11- When was Jorge Luis Borges born?

12- Why is Alejandra Pizarnik important for XX century literature?

A whole sentence• A great prolific decade in the history of the English novel is the short period between 1850 and 1860

inclusive.

Pronouns and AdjectivesI my mine myselfYou your yoursyourselfHe his his himselfShe her her herselfIt its its itselfWe our ours ourselvesYou your yoursyourselvesThey their theirs themselves

I am a teacher. My students are in the classroom. These books

are mine. I myself bring my books.

Nounsthings, objects, people,

ideas, feelings, etc.

FormSimple: play, poem

Derivative: student, immaturity, memorization,examination

Compound: short story, classroom, lifespan, problem-solving

Formas de identificación del sustantivo (Ways of identifying the noun in the sentence)

• Typical endings:

-ance: performance-ence: existence, competence-ity: diversity-er: writer-ist: artist, essayist, novelist-or: translator-ion: examination, memorization

-ness: usefulness-ism:syncretism,mecanism,mannerism-ship: partnership-dom: freedom-ing: problem-solving, processing-ment: experiment, payment

Inflexion Plural(Plural Inflection)

“s”• poems, novels, plays, words

“es”

• dress- dresses, • church-churches, • process-processes

y - ies

• activity – activities• story – stories

Irregulares

• man – men• child – children• person - people

Palabras plurales y singulares de origen griego y latino:

• analysis – analyses• basis – bases• curriculum – curricula• hypothesis – hypotheses• syllabus – syllabi

Dictionary Rules: Reglas del diccionario

Genitive CaseCortazar’s novels are innovative.

The researches’ articles are valuable.

Premodificadores del Sustantivo(premodifiers of the noun)

Articles: • the (el, la, los, las, lo); • A, an (un, una)

Possessive adjectives

My, your, etc.

Demostrative adjectives

ThisThat This book is mineThese That novel is Hopscotch by CortazarThose

Quantity adjectives

• Many• Few• Little• Enough• Several• Any• Numerals like one, two, three, etc

Adjective phrases of quantity

o A lot ofo Plenty ofo A great deal ofo A great number ofo A large quantity of

Distributive adjectives

• Each (cada)• Every (todas/os)• Either (una de dos)• Neither (ninguna de las dos)

Qualifying adjectives• Famous writers

• Great novel

• Long book

• Contentious subject

• Important works

Present and past participle verbs:

Present

• Learning processes• Affecting factors• Changing location

Past

• Unrequited love• Written novel

Nouns

• Maduration process• Behaviour patterns

Postmodifiers• Phrases with initial preposition

Compilation of essaysOne Hundred Years of SolitudeA book by Borges

Phrases with present participle verb

• A book analyzing the history of our country• A picture describing a book and its parts

Phrases with past participle verb

The method used

The book written in English

Phrases with initial infinitive

• Efforts to guarantee the teaching-learning process

Relative Propositions

…Rayuela, which is a wonderful and innovative novel

Simple PresentI write You write He She writesItWeYou writeThey

I do not (don’t) writeYou do not writeHe doesn’t writeShe doesn’t writeIt doesn’t writeWe do not writeYou do not writeThey do not write

I write in my free time.

I do not write in my free time.

Do you write in your free time?

What do you write in your free time?

Garcia Marquez writes novels.

Garcia Marquez does not write plays.

Does Garcia Marquez write novels

What does Garcia Marquez write?

Present Continuous

I am writing a short story at the moment.

I am studying for my exam.

She is writing a novel.

• Are you studying for your exam?

• Is she studying for her exam?

• I’m not writing a novel

•She is not studying at the moment.

Present simple and Present Continuous

She writes novels She is writing a novel now.

I read short stories I am reading poems now.

We teach language They are teaching now

Past Simple

Acciones que sucedieron en el pasado sin conexión con el presente

Regular Verbs – Irregular Verbswork – worked find - foundprove – proved know - knewreplace – replaced have - hadconsist – consisted be – was, wereuse – used do - diddevelop – developed teach - taught

Past Simple of TOBEInfinitive Simple Past

I wasTobe You were

He wasShe wasIt wasWe wereYou wereThey were

Edgar Allan Poe was born in 1809.

He was from the USA.

His life was not easy.

His real parents were from Boston.

• He was not a novelist.

• His parents were not from England.

o Was he a novelist?

o Was he a poet?

o Were his parents from England?

o Were they from Boston?

1- What was his profession?

2- Where was he from?

3- Where was he born?

4- Who were his parents?

5- Where were they from?

Past Simple – Regular and Irregular Verbs

I YouHe lived in Boston when I was a child.She began my/his/her career three years ago.ItWeYouThey

• Poe began his career with a collection of poems

• Poe did not begin his career with a novel.

• Did Poe begin his career with a novel?

• What did Poe publish first?

• Poe attended the University of Virginia.

• Poe did not attend the University of Harvard.

• Did Poe attend the University of Virginia?

• What University did Poe attend?

• Find the past simple form and the meaning of the following verbs, are they

regular or irregular? :A- become

B- writeC- discover

D- studyE- marryF- leaveG- feel

H- switchI- spend

Modal Verbs

We should discuss the problemWe ought to discuss the problem

We can discuss the problemWe may discuss the problem

We could discuss the problemWe might discuss the problem

We must discuss the problem

Can – could (past form)

He could hear the heart beating.

Could he hear the heart beating?

What could he hear?

He couldn’t hear the heart beating.

Connectors

• For example

• And; Besides; Moreover

• Because, so, as a result, until

• But, although, However

• First, then, later, later on, finally; In the beginning – In the middle – In the end

• Like, in the same way

• In order to, so as, so that

Present perfect

• I have started a new book.• She has just finished her exam.

• Have you read “Rayuela”?• Has she seen “The Secret in their Eyes”?

• I haven’t read that book.• She hasn’t finished the novel.

Past Perfect• Noah had rebuilt the old house when Allie

arrived.• I had already read the book when I saw the

film based on it.

• Had you finished your exam when the teacher asked for it?

• Poe hadn’t finished his short story when he died.

Conditional Sentences: First Conditional

• I will study if I have time.• She will buy the book if she has money.

• If I have time, I will study.• If she has money she will buy the book.

• Will you study if you have time?• Will she buy the book if she has money?

Conditional Sentences: Second Conditional

• If I lived in England, my English would be very good.

• If the book wasn’t so long, I would read it.

• My English would improve if I travelled to England.

• I would read the book if it wasn’t so long.

• Would you read the book if was short?

Conditional Sentences: Third Conditional

• If she had phoned his father before, he would have helped her.

• His father would have helped her if she had phoned him before.

• If she hadn’t travelled to Paris, she wouldn’t have been taken.

• Would she have been taken if she had stayed at home?