La Maison Z.E.Nthe first French positive-energy-building

Construction principles

5 years of monitoring

Conférence du Bureau de coordination Energies Renouvelables

Paris La Défense

April 14th 2013

Alain Ricaud, Cythelia

Solar in buildings: our goal since 199433 years of expertise in photovoltaics: Consulting, Training, AMO, MOE, software ARCHELIOS

Integration of PV in buildings: decentralized energy production, consumption on the site of

production. Roofing / PVsubstitution

• Designer, Owner and prime contractor since 2006 BEPOS

• Concept Z.E.N (Net Zero Energy)

• Energy Management

• Energy audit / AMO new Design and Renovation thermal

• software ABATIA

• Coupling PAC / PV

• Publications

• Solar cells (PPUR, Lausanne, 1997)

• Thin film modules (Techniques de l'Ingénieur, 2004)

• Build a positive energy house (Wiley, 2010)

• Environment and Sustainable City Guide (WEKA, 2011)

• Technical specifications Renewable Energy - June 2009

• Thematic dossier RT 2012 - June 2012

• La Lettre du Solaire (since October 2000)

Cythelia: fields and trades

France energy independence is only 12% …

Our buildings connected by umbilical cords, are 80% dependent on fossil and fissile imports !

GAZRussia, Ukraine,

Norway,

Algeria…

ELECTRICITYUranium : Niger, USA,

Canada, Khazakstan,

PETROLEUMRussia, Norway,

Saudi Arabia…

Our crazy heating system at the dawn of the XXI century !

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Zero Energy Net Building: connected to the network, it produces over the year at least as much energy as it consumes.

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Pose du KLH: 8 heures

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Pose du KLH: 8 heures

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Pose du KLH… 8 heures !

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Pose du KLH… 8 heures !

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Z.E.N approach: a holistic view

• Bioclimatic architecture: -8%

• Reinforced external insulation: -23 %

• Windows with triple glazing : -14 %

• Heating / Ventilation / Cooling / SHW: - 36 %

• Heat Pump on extracted air : -20 %

• Canadian well: - 5 %

• Heat pump air-water for heating and DHW: -11 %

• Energy efficiency: -10 %

• Energy sobriety : -9 %

• Consumption 2008 with 5 people : 36 kWh/m². year

• Final energy savings / RT 2005 : -100 kWh /m² . year9Cythelia / Maison Z.E.N

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CIS thin film modules 7% efficiency Integration and full coverage SOLRIF: 12 kWp

Aesthetic reasons:

– No more problem with tiles /

PV modules interfaces

– Uniform appearance over the

whole surface of the roof

Saving on materials replaced:

– Between 30 and 100 € / m²

– Reduced installation costs

More favorable rate in 2007:

– 60 c € /kWh for integration

– 32 c € /kWh for superimposed

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Roofing: full coverage on South (6 kW, prod 6600 kWh / year) and North (6 kW, prod 3300 kWh / year)

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Comparisons with standard construction RT2005: blocks, interior insulation, double glazing, nuclear electric heating.

Final Energy standard: 137 kWh/m².year,ZEN: 36 ; MINERGIE: 58.

Primary Energy standard: 329 kWh/m².y , ZEN : 36 ; PASSIVHAUS: 120.

91

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Ventilation

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Electricité spécifique

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Ventilation

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Conclusion

• Z.E.N concept = a global approach. Minimizing consumption

stems from a common sense approach.

• Putting together 7 new techniques: from 137 kWh / m². year final

energy we went down to 36 kWh / m² all occupations (factor 4),

better than the Swiss label "MINERGIE", which is 60 FE .

• Calculated in terms of primary energy, from 329 kWh / m². year,

we went down to 36 kWh / m² (factor 9), better than the

"PASSIVHAUS" German label which is 120 PE.

• We need to make these techniques more popular within the French

market.

• Solar PV (6 k € / year income) is amortized over 10 years.

• Energy efficiency and sobriety help to absorb the additional costs.

• Banks must take into account the notion of AGC in their loans.

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Measured parameters

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Internal comfort temperature

and hygrometry

InvertersProduction DC/ AC

Global irradiance reference module

Metering sockets and lighting

Heat pumpsCOP system = P cond / P comp

Global Irradiance

Pyranometers

Water level

Modules temperature

Attic temperature

Meteo data

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Solar production over 5 Years

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Consumption / Production kWh/m².y

(2008-2012)

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Monthly Consumption / Production (2009)

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Detailed monthly consumptions

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Autoconsumption: winter / summer

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Autoconsumption: 25% Autoconsumption: 49%

Consumed power within a day

Arrivée des

salariésDépart des

salariés

Cuisin

e

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Integrated PV modules nominal operating temperature

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Integrated PV NOCT = 69°C instead of 50 °C in the open field

PV Roofs ventilation requires dramatic improvements

Modules efficiency as a function of irradiance showing their performance degradation

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AC Performance coeff of the CIS modules

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Canadian well

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From October 2008 to April 2009, the gain on the heat losses is 1030 kWh,

5 kWh / m²

Conclusion monitoring (1)

• Performance goals have been achieved (10,000 kWh / year over 5

years for a 200 m² house with an average of 10 occupants).

• Thermal comfort has been achieved both in winter and summer

(rare moments of overheating on the first floor).

• Comparison with the detailed forecast is biased: house designed for

residential use, but tertiary actual usage. Planned ECS consumption

and lighting are offset by the computers consumptions.

• Through monitoring end: demonstration of a specific degradation of

thin film modules not grounded and operating temperatures of 70 ° C

for the southern side that might significantly reduce their life-time.

• Monitoring of Heat Pumps was used to measure real "COP System"

and identify malfunctions at the level of the double-flow

thermodynamics.

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Conclusion monitoring (2)

Areas for improvement are:

- The centralization of data within only one and same datalogger

recognized and reliable

- Data processing more automatic

- Systematic information on the occupants of basic data

consumption (keep the thermostats at 19°…).

- Programming temperature settings (tertiary occupation)

The feedback from the monitoring has been used in a second

building of the same type (La Petite Maison ZEN), supporting our

first AEDOMIA prototype, patented heating / ventilation / cooling /

DHW derived from the program ANR PACairPV.

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