Ethics- Describe 5

ethical guidelines for using human participants

-Evaluate ethical issues in

human and animal research

Mr Oakes

What are ethics?

Ethics is that which is deemed acceptable in human behaviour in pursuit of certain goals or aims. It is not simply a question of right, but of balance between the interests of the participant and the scientific value of the research.

`Does the end justify the means?`

TAKEN FROM: http://www.bps.org.uk/sites/default/files/documents/code_of_ethics_and_conduct.pdf

Can Do, Can’t Do With Participants

Basically ethics is all about what you can and can’t do with participants

1. RESPECT2. COMPETENCE3. RESPONSIBILITY4. INTEGRITY The guidelines are very extensive View them at:

http://www.bps.org.uk/what-we-do/ethics-standards/ethics-standards

List any potential ethical issues

Does Derren Brown break any? 13.30 -

Which ethical issues does he adhere to?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MDwe_PNrACI&has_verified=1

CONSENT Participants should give informed

consent.

In studies involving children, informed parental consent should be obtained.

Payment should not be used to induce risk taking behaviour.

Special safeguarding procedures are necessary with subjects with limitations in communication or understanding or where unable to give real consent.

DECEPTION. Intentional deception over the purpose

of the investigation should be avoided where possible.

There must be strong medical or scientific justification for any deception.

Appropriate consultation with disinterested colleagues or ethics committees must precede the investigation if it involves deception.

DEBRIEFING Participants should be fully debriefed.

Participants experience should be discussed to assess any negative effects.

Debriefing should be in the form of active intervention before leaving the research setting.

RIGHT TO WITHDRAW

Subjects should be aware of the right to withdraw at any time.

This may be done retrospectively by refusing permission for their data to be used.

COMPETENCE.

The research must have the relevant qualifications and ability to carry out the study:

Know the ethical guidelines Adhere to safe practice Know where and how to store the data Seek advice in areas not confident in Understand the implications of the study

Around the room are 5 scenarios

Identify which ethical guidelines have been broken and suggest how these experiments could be improved.

Why a consideration of ethics are necessary even in schools! An elementary school class started a class project

to make a planter to take home to their parents. They wanted to have a plant that was easy to care for,so they decided to use cactus.

The students were given greenware pottery planters in the shape of a clown which they painted with glaze. The clown planters were professionally fired at a class outing so they could see the process.The children all had a good time.

They planted the cactus seeds in the finished planters and they grew nicely but unfortunately the children were not allowed to take them home.

The cactus plants were removed and a small ivy put in their place. Then the children were then allowed to take them home.

General Advantages of having Ethical guidelines PROTECTION – of participants, society’s

morals & psychology discipline.

- ensure people taking part in psychological research are NOT at great risk of distress or any other traumatic experience

- giving participants rights, such as informed consent, right to withdraw, means participants are more likely to agree to take part

- used to be called ‘subjects’ – implies no power or respect – right to withdraw guideline strengthened and agreed to be called participants

General Disadvantages of Ethical guidelines RESTRICT STUDIES To ensure findings are valid & useful Research method often make it hard to obey

the guidelines with out influencing the results- Natural observations – can not gain informed consent, give right to withdraw or debrief them

Ethical Dilemma Psychologists must weigh up the costs

against the benefits.

They must ask; “What are the costs to the participants versus the benefits of understanding that can be gained from the results?”

C………………. D………………………. R…………… to w………………….. D…………………………………….. P…………………………… C……………………. All participants should be b…………..

before a study and thoroughly d…………………………afterwards