L17 - Functional Modeling and Product Architecture
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MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013 Today’s Agenda 1. Monday Marvel 2. Functional Modeling 3. Product Architecture 4. Return Assignment #3 Welcome
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Functional modeling
Transcript of L17 - Functional Modeling and Product Architecture
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
Today’s Agenda
1. Monday Marvel
2. Functional Modeling
3. Product Architecture
4. Return Assignment #3
Welcome
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
Monday Marvel – Large Vacuum Cleaner
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
Monday Marvel – Large Vacuum Cleaner
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
Monday Marvel – Large Vacuum Cleaner
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
Monday Marvel – Large Vacuum Cleaner
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
Monday Marvel – Large Vacuum Cleaner
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
Mental Models: What we think of situations or people; perceptions about something.
Conceptual Models: A qualitative model (often simplified) of the system, representing a characteristic of the system
Physical Models: An actual representation of the system, which could be full size or scaled
Mathematical Models: a quantitative representation of a system capturing the interaction between terms, geometry, etc.
Virtual Models: A simulated representation of the system, which is commonly driven by mathematical models (which may not be known by the engineer) and often facilitated by physical models
Engineering Models – Types
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
Functional Model: a conceptual model of a product where the product is represented as a set of functions and flows (between those functions)
System Boundary
Mass Flow 2
Function 1 Mass Flow 1
Function 3 Energy Flow 1
Mass Flow 3
Function 2
Energy Flo
w 3
Signal Flo
w 1
Energy Flow 2
Mass Flow 4
Functional Modeling – Overview
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
Function: an abstract representation of a task that is to be accomplished, represented as a manipulation of one or more flows; properly formatted functions are independent of the physical solution which performs them
‐ Often structured as an active verb-noun pair ‐ Active verb: the manipulation/task
‐ Noun: the flow to be acted upon
‐ Visually represented as a black box in the functional model
Import Electrical Energy
Functional Modeling – Overview
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
Flow: an abstract representation of a signal, material, or energy transfer between functions, which is independent of the physical solution which performs it
‐ Visually represented by arrows in the functional model connecting the functions
‐ Composite flows are represented as their components (to make the functional model solution independent)
‐ Flows when abstracted may ignore some information (e.g., a signal may be sent electronically, but if the energy is simply to differentiate information, it may only be modeled as a signal)
Mass (Material) Signal (Information) Energy
Flows are represented with different types of arrows
Functional Modeling – Overview
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
Mass Flow 2
Function 1 Mass Flow 1
Function 3 Energy Flow 1
Mass Flow 3
Function 2 En
ergy Flow
3
Signal Flo
w 1
Energy Flow 2
System Boundary
Mass Flow 4
‐ Functions can act in series
Functional Modeling – Overview
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
Mass Flow 2
Function 1 Mass Flow 1
Function 3 Energy Flow 1
Mass Flow 3
Function 2 En
ergy Flow
3
Signal Flo
w 1
Energy Flow 2
System Boundary
Mass Flow 4
‐ Functions can act in parallel
Functional Modeling – Overview
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
Function types:
Functional Modeling – Overview
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
Function types (continued):
Functional Modeling – Overview
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
Flow types:
Functional Modeling – Overview
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
Flow types (continued):
Functional Modeling – Overview
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
Two Approaches
‐ Top-down Approach ‐ Start with overall function
‐ Decompose overall function into subfunctions
‐ Bottom-up approach ‐ Identify functions for components and flows
‐ Identify connections between component functions
Functional Modeling – Creating a Functional Model
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
Two Approaches – Benefits and Concerns
‐ Top-down Approach ‐ Inherently creates varying levels of abstraction
‐ Provide different levels of resolution which can be used at different (appropriate) phases of the design process
‐ Models become more solution specific as you go into more detail
‐ Abstraction of this type can be a valuable design exercise ‐ What is the overall function?
‐ What are the minimum required flows?
‐ Bottom-up approach ‐ These models contain numerous functions
‐ Many components do not have a clear function or flow
‐ Starting with a detailed model and zooming out is difficult
Functional Modeling – Creating a Functional Model
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
Consider the Dyson vacuum cleaner shown below:
Functional Modeling – Creating a Functional Model
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
Functional models start with the product function.
Product Function: the overall intended function(s) of the product; what the product is intended to do.
‐ The overall function is often incorporated into the product name (e.g., coffee maker, hedge trimmer, lawn mower, etc.).
For a vacuum cleaner:
Clean Air
Captured Debris Clean Up Debris Debris/Air Mixture
Electrical Energy
User Controls Signal
Functional Modeling – Creating a Functional Model
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
In order for the vacuum cleaner to perform the product function, it must perform the following subfunctions:
To help brainstorm these subfunctions, think of the activities that must be done, and the flow of energy and material through the device.
Clean Air
Captured Debris Clean Up Debris Debris/Air Mixture
Electrical Energy
User Controls Signal
Sense User Input
On/Off Signal
Generate Suction
Pneumatic Energy Import
Air/Debris
Debris/Air Mixture
Clean Air
Captured Debris Separate
Debris from Air
Floor Type Signal
On/Off Signal
Floor Type Signal
Debris/Air Mixture
Functional Modeling – Creating a Functional Model
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
The subfunctions can be broken down further into the second level of subfunctions:
Sense User Input
On/Off Signal
Generate Suction
Import Air/Debris
Debris/Air Mixture
Clean Air
Captured Debris Separate
Debris from Air
Floor Type Signal
On/Off Signal
Floor Type Signal
Debris/Air Mixture
Sense On/Off Signal
On/Off Signal
Sense Floor Type Signal
Floor Type Signal
Electrical Energy
Convert Electrical Energy to Mechanical
Rotational Energy
On/Off Signal
Floor Type Signal
Electrical Energy
Convert Mechanical Rotational Energy to
Pneumatic Energy
Mechanical Rotational Energy
Pneumatic Energy
Separate Debris from Surface
Import Debris/Air Mixture
Mechanical Rotational Energy
Pneumatic Energy
Debris
Air
Separate Debris from Air
Debris/Air Mixture
Export Debris from Vacuum Cleaner
Captured Debris
Export Clean Air from Vacuum
Cleaner
Clean Air
Clean Air
Captured Debris
Functional Modeling – Vacuum Cleaner Example
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
Functional Modeling – Benefits
Benefits of Functional Modeling
- Abstraction of a System
- Compact Presentation Aid
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
Limitations of Functional Modeling
- Assume that these functions inherently exist
- Functional models limit design freedom as soon as you start specifying specific flows and functions
- The information related to consumer interaction is limited
- Physical aspects of the system are not captured
Functional Modeling – Limitations
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Product Architecture: the scheme by which functional elements of the product are arranged into physical elements and by which the physical elements interact
Functional Elements: for a product are the individual operations and transformations that contribute to the overall performance of the product
Physical Elements: for a product are the parts, components, and subassemblies that ultimately implement the products functions.
Product Architecture
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There are three stages to developing a product architecture:
1. Develop the arrangement of functional elements
2. Map the functional elements to physical elements
3. Specify the arrangement and interfaces of physical elements
Product Architecture – Development
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
1. Develop the arrangement of functional elements
Clean Air
Captured Debris Clean Up Debris Debris/Air Mixture
Electrical Energy
User Controls Signal
Sense User Input
On/Off Signal
Generate Suction
Pneumatic Energy Import
Air/Debris
Debris/Air Mixture
Clean Air
Captured Debris Separate
Debris from Air
Floor Type Signal
On/Off Signal
Floor Type Signal
Debris/Air Mixture
Product Architecture – Development
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
2. Map the functional elements to physical elements
Function 1
Function 4
Function 3
Function 2
Functional Elements
Components
Component 1
Component 4
Component 3
Component 2
Function 1
Function 4
Function 3
Function 2
Functional Elements
Components
Component 1
Component 2
Component 4
Component 3
Modular Arrangement Integral Arrangement
Product Architecture – Development
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
2. Map the functional elements to physical elements
Modular Arrangement Integral Arrangement
Product Architecture – Development
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
2. Map the functional elements to physical elements
Function Component Matrix
Components
Functions Component 1 Component 2 Component 3 Component 4
Function 1 X
Function 2 X
Function 3 X
Function 4 X
Product Architecture – Development
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
2. Map the functional elements to physical elements
Function Component Matrix
Components
Functions Component 1 Component 2 Component 3 Component 4
Function 1 X X X
Function 2 X X
Function 3 X X X
Function 4 X
Product Architecture – Development
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
3. Specify the arrangement and interfaces of physical elements
Component 3
Component 2
Component 1
Component 4
Product Architecture – Development
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3. Specify the arrangement and interfaces of physical elements
System Boundary
Product Architecture – Development
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
3. Specify the arrangement and interfaces of physical elements
Product Architecture – Development
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
3. Specify the arrangement and interfaces of physical elements
Product Architecture – Development
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
1. Develop the arrangement of functional elements
Product Architecture – Development
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
2. Map the functional elements to physical elements
Product Architecture – Development
MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice MAE 277: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering Practice Fall 2013
3. Specify the arrangement and interfaces of physical elements
Product Architecture – Development
