L16 Woodwinds

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DrMichaelWhiteStAug.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Clarinet.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Clarinet_construction.JPG

A flute playing its lowest note is shown in spectrum “A”. f1 refers to the fundamental of the flute. Which spectrum best matches a clarinet (of equal length) playing its lowest note?

CT12.1.4b

A

f1,flute

ampl

itu de B

f1,flute

ampl

itu deC

f1.flute

ampl

itu de

6f1

6f1

6f1

D

f1,flute

ampl

itu de

6f1

E) None of these looks right.

Register Key of ClarinetThe lower notes of the clarinet are achieved by opening holes along the closed cylindrical air column to shorten the air column and raise its fundamental frequency. A higher series of notes, called its "upper register" can be produced by forcing the air column to vibrate at its third harmonic frequency instead of the fundamental. This upper register is achieved by using a register key or "speaker key" which opens an additional hole in the side of the instrument close to the mouthpiece. This open hole destroys the fundamental mode and forces the air column up to its next resonance, which is the third harmonic (closed cylinders produce only odd harmonics). The open hole produces a pressure node at a point where the fundamental mode produces a significant pressure variation, so that the lowest vibrational mode cannot be sustained. The musical interval between the lower and upper registers is an octave plus a musical fifth, compared to an octave interval for overblowing the flute.

Adolfe Sax

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Adolphe_Sax.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PMSA-300.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mouthpiece_tenor_saxophone.jpg