L16 Culture Power Distance
Transcript of L16 Culture Power Distance
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Lecture 16 Power Distance a cultural dimension
Luis San AndresMast-Childs Tribology Professor
Texas A&M University
http://rotorlab.tamu.edu/me489
October 20, 2011
ME 489 Practices of Modern Engineering
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Lecture 16Date: October 20, 2011
Today Cultural dimensions
Power Distance – A measure of inequality (more and less)
Assignments & reading: (class URL site)A3 – Due Nov 1 – Assess COE Strategic Plan
Other: complete ONE MINUTE PAPER
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Cultures and Organizations: Software for the Mind by Geert Hofstede & Gert Jan Hofstede
Resource
• Explains culture shock, ethnocentrism, stereotyping, differences in language and humor, and other aspects of intercultural dynamics•Provides powerful insights for business people, civil servants, physicians, mental health professionals, law enforcement professionals, and others•Explains how organizational cultures differ from national cultures, and how they can--sometimes--be managed
Product description found & copied in www.amazon.com
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Culture
Cultures and Organizations: Software of the MindBy Geert Hofstede and Gert Jan Hofstede
Culture is the collective programming(*) of the mind that distinguishes the members of one group of people from others.
Culture is learned (not innate), it derives from the social environment.
(*) mental patterns of thinking, feeling and acting
Culture [cultivate]: Dictionary:ALL THE KNOWLEDGE AND VALUES SHARED BY A SOCIETY
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Culture
Cultures and Organizations: Software of the MindBy Geert Hofstede and Gert Jan Hofstede
Culture must be distinguished from human nature and from individual personality
Human nature
Culture
Personality
Universal Inherited
LearnedSpecific to group
Specific to individual Inherited and learned
Levels of uniqueness in mental programming
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Culture
Cultures and Organizations: Software of the MindBy Geert Hofstede and Gert Jan Hofstede
The onion manifestation of Culture at different levels of depth
Rituals
Symbols
Heroes ValuesPractices
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Culture
Cultures and Organizations: Software of the MindBy Geert Hofstede and Gert Jan Hofstede
Values (tendencies to prefer certain states)
Rituals
Symbols
Heroes
ValuesPractic
esRituals
Symbols
Heroes
ValuesPractic
es
Evil vs. good,Dirty vs. Clean,Dangerous vs. safe,Forbidden vs. permitted,Decent vs. indecentMoral vs. immoralUgly vs. beautifulUnnatural vs. naturalAbnormal vs. normalParadoxical vs. logicalIrrational vs. rational
Values are acquired early in our lives
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Dimensions of National Cultures
Cultures and Organizations: Software of the MindBy Geert Hofstede and Gert Jan Hofstede
Basic problems worldwide
1.Relation to authority
2.Conception of self –relation of individual and society, and the individual concept of masculinity and femininity
3.Ways to deal with conflict, including thecontrol of aggression andexpression of feelings
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Dimensions of National Cultures
Cultures and Organizations: Software of the MindBy Geert Hofstede and Gert Jan Hofstede
1980-2000s research & statistical analysis on the values of people for countries
1.Social inequality, including relationship with authority2.Relationship between individual and group3.Concepts of masculinity and femininity the
implications of having been born as a boy or a girl4.Ways to dealing with uncertainty & conflict
(related to the control of aggression andexpression of emotions)
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Dimensions of National Cultures
Cultures and Organizations: Software of the MindBy Geert Hofstede and Gert Jan Hofstede
Ideas were first based on a large research project into national culture differences across subsidiaries of a multinational corporation (IBM) in 64 countries.
Later studies covered students in 23 countries, elites in 19 countries, commercial airline pilots in 23 countries, up-market consumers in 15 countries, and civil service managers in 14 countries.
http://www.clearlycultural.com/geert-hofstede-cultural-dimensions/
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Dimensions of National Cultures
Cultures and Organizations: Software of the MindBy Geert Hofstede and Gert Jan Hofstede
1.Power Distance (More Equal than Others)2.Individualism (I, We and They)3.Masculinity (He, She & (S)he)4.Uncertainty Avoidance (What is Different is
Dangerous)5.Long-Term Orientation (Yesterday, Now, or
Later)http://www.clearlycultural.com/geert-hofstede-cultural-dimensions/See
For a map of the World to evaluate how similar or different countries or regions are
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Power Distance a cultural dimension
http://rotorlab.tamu.edu/me489
ME 489 Practices of Modern Engineering
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Power Distance Index (PDI)
Cultures and Organizations: Software of the MindBy Geert Hofstede and Gert Jan Hofstede
A cultural dimension:The extent to which the less powerful members of institutions or organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally.PDI represents inequality (more versus less), but defined from below, not from above. It suggests that a society’s level of inequality is endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders.
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Power Distance Index (PDI)
Cultures and Organizations: Software of the MindBy Geert Hofstede and Gert Jan Hofstede
PDI informs us about DEPENDENCE relationships in a country.Small PDI: limited dependence of subordinates and bosses, with a preference on consultation (interdependence). Emotional distance between them is small (easy approach and contradiction are OK).
Large PDI: considerable dependence (even counterdependence (-)). Large emotional distance (difficult approach and no contradiction)
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PDI: 74 countries
Cultures and Organizations: Software of the MindBy Geert Hofstede and Gert Jan Hofstede
http://www.clearlycultural.com/geert-hofstede-cultural-dimensions/power-distance-index/
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http://www.clearlycultural.com/geert-hofstede-cultural-dimensions
Power Distance World MapPDI informs us about
DEPENDENCE relationships in a country.
Small PDI: limited dependence of subordinates and bosses, with a
preference on consultation
Large PDI: considerable dependence. Large emotional
distance (difficult approach and no contradiction)
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PDI: General
Norm
Cultures and Organizations: Software of the MindBy Geert Hofstede and Gert Jan Hofstede
Small Power Distance Large Power Distance Key Differences
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PDI: The
Family
Cultures and Organizations: Software of the MindBy Geert Hofstede and Gert Jan Hofstede
Small Power Distance Large Power Distance Key Differences
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PDI: School
Cultures and Organizations: Software of the MindBy Geert Hofstede and Gert Jan Hofstede
Key DifferencesSmall Power Distance Large Power Distance
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PDI: The
Workplace
Cultures and Organizations: Software of the MindBy Geert Hofstede and Gert Jan Hofstede
Key DifferencesSmall Power Distance Large Power Distance
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21Cultures and Organizations: Software of the MindBy Geert Hofstede and Gert Jan Hofstede
Key DifferencesSmall Power Distance Large Power Distance
PDI: The
Workplace
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PDI: the
State
Cultures and Organizations: Software of the MindBy Geert Hofstede and Gert Jan Hofstede
Key DifferencesSmall Power Distance Large Power Distance
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PDI: the
State
Cultures and Organizations: Software of the MindBy Geert Hofstede and Gert Jan Hofstede
Key DifferencesSmall Power Distance Large Power Distance
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PDIoccupations
Cultures and Organizations: Software of the MindBy Geert Hofstede and Gert Jan Hofstede
Ocupation Differences
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Satisfaction with life index
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satisfaction_with_Life_Indexhttp://www.squarecirclez.com/blog/database-of-happiness/1080
World happiness
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World map on cultural differences
Cultures and Organizations: Software of the MindBy Geert Hofstede and Gert Jan Hofstede
www.clearlycultural.com/geert-hofstede-cultural-dimensions/power-distance-index/
See
For a map of the world to find how similar or different countries or regions are.
Are there more low PDI countries than those with high PDI? Is our culture (as per PDI) the dominant one?
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Practices of Modern
Engineering © Luis San AndresTexas A&M University2011
http://rotorlab.tamu.edu/me489