L1 Ch-6 Sol Set-1 Anatomy of Flowering Plants

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Level - I

Solutions (Set-1)

SECTION - A

School/Board Exam. Type Questions

Very Short Answer Type Questions :

1. What are zoospores?

Sol. Zoospores are flagellated (motile) asexual spores.

2. What is the basis of cytotaxonomy?

Sol. Cytotaxonomy is based on cytological information like chromosome number, structure and behaviour.

3. Name two unicellular algae used as food.

Sol. Chlorella and Spirullina.

4. Who gave the most popular natural system of classification?

Sol. George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker.

5. What is the function of holdfast in brown algae?

Sol. Holdfast attaches the plant to a substratum.

6. Name the sex organ which produces antherozoids in Funaria.

Sol. Antheridium (male sex organ).

7. What are gemmae?

Sol. Gemmae are green, multicellular asexual buds produced by certain bryophytes which on separation grow into

a new plant.

8. What are microphylls?

Sol. In some pteridophytes like Selaginella the leaves are small and are known as microphylls.

9. Write down the type of life cycle found in Fucus.

Sol. Diplontic.

10. What is the ploidy of a male gamete present in the pollen grain?

Sol. Haploid.

Chapter 7

Plant Kingdom

48 Plant Kingdom Solutions of Assignment (Set-1) (Level-I)


Short Answer Type Questions :

11. Define isogamous and anisogamous reproduction.

Sol. Fusion between two gametes which are similar in size, either flagellated or non-flagellated, is termed as

isogamous. Fusion of two gametes dissimilar in size is termed as anisogamous.

12. How algae increases the level of dissolved oxygen in their immediate environment?

Sol. Algae fix at least half of the total carbon dioxide of earth, by the process of photosynthesis. During this process

oxygen is released thus, they increase the level of dissolved oxygen in their immediate environment.

13. Define numerical taxonomy.

Sol. Numerical taxonomy is based on all observable characteristics. Number and codes are assigned to all the

characters and then data is processed. In this way each character is given equal importance and at the same

time hundreds of characters can be considered.

14. Explain how liverworts reproduce asexually.

Sol. Asexual reproduction in liverworts takes place by fragmentation of thalli or by gemmae formation. The gemmae

become detached from the body and germinate to form new individuals. In fragmentation the parent body breaks

into two or more fragments. Each fragment develops into a thallus.

15. Explain how mosses reproduce sexually.

Sol. During sexual reproduction antherozoids are released into water. When they come in contact with archegonium,

an antherozoid fuses with the egg to produce the zygote which develops into a multicellular sporophyte

consisting of foot, seta and capsule. The capsule produces spores. Spores are formed after meiosis. These

spores germinate to produce gametophyte.

16. Mention the “division” of plant group that is known as non-vascular amphibians of the plant kingdom. Why are

they called so?

Sol. Bryophytes. They are called as the non-vascular amphibians of the plant kingdom because they lack vascular

bundles and can live in soil but are dependent on water for sexual reproduction.

17. Explain how sexual reproduction occurs in gymnosperms?

Sol. The pollen grains are transferred by air and come in contact with the opening of the ovules. Each pollen

germinates and forms pollen tube which reaches the archegonia in the ovules. The pollen tube discharges the

male gametes near the mouth of the archegonia where fertilisation takes place. The zygote develops into an

embryo and the ovules into seeds.

18. How can we say that embryo sac is haploid?

Sol. Embryo sac formation is preceded by meiosis. A single megaspore mother cell of the nucellus undergoes

meiosis to produce four haploid megaspores. Out of four only one functional megaspore develops into the female

gametophyte or the embryo sac.

19. What is the difference between pollination and syngamy?

Sol. Pollination is the transfer of pollen grain (immobile structure) from anther to stigma whereas syngamy is the

fusion of two gametes to produce the zygote.

20. What is alternation of generation?

Sol. Different plant groups complete their sexual life cycles in different patterns. The diploid sporophyte and the

haploid gametophyte follow each other rigidly. The phenomenon is called alternation of generation.

49Solutions of Assignment (Set-1) (Level-I) Plant Kingdom


21. Discuss the flagellar number and position of insertion in different classes of algae.

Sol. Classes Flagella number and position of insertions

a. Chlorophyceae 2–8, equal, apical

b. Phaeophyceae 2, unequal, lateral

c. Rhodophyceae Absent

22. How is secondary nucleus formed? What is the ploidy of primary endosperm nucleus (PEN)?

Sol. Secondary nucleus is formed by the fusion of two polar nuclei. PEN is a triploid structure as it is product of

triple fusion.

23. What is nucellus in gymnosperms?

Sol. Tissue composing the chief part of the young ovule is known as nucellus. The magaspore mother cell is

differentiated from one cell of nucellus.

24. In pteridophytes how the haploid spores are produced?

Sol. In pteridophytes, the dominant phase is a sporophyte which contains sporophylls. The spore mother cells

present in the sporangia undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores.

25. Give two general characteristics of rhodophyceae.

Sol. (i) They are called red algae because of the predominance of the red pigment, r-phycoerythrin.

(ii) They are mostly found in marine habitat with greater concentrations found in the warmer areas.

26. Name the algae from which agar is obtained. Give two uses of agar.

Sol. Gelidium and Gracilaria

Uses of agar :

(i) Culture media preparation to grow microbes

(ii) In preparations of ice-creams and jellies

27. Give two general characteristics of angiosperms.

Sol. (i) Angiosperms are also known as flowering plants and grow in almost every kind of habitats.

(ii) In angiosperms, the pollen grains and ovules are developed in specialised structures called flowers and

the seeds are enclosed by fruits.

28. What is the storage food in different classes of algae?

Sol. In green algae, stored food is starch.

In brown algae, food is stored as laminarin and mannitol.

In red algae, food is stored in the form of floridean starch.

29. Draw a well-labelled diagram of Fucus.

Sol.Air bladder

Frond

Midrib

Holdfast

Fucus



30. Define microsporangiate and macrosporangiate.

Sol. In gymnosperms, the cones bearing microsporophylls and microsporangia are called as microsporangiate or

male strobili. The cones bearing megasporophylls with megasporangia or ovules are called macrosporangiate

or female strobili.

Long Answer Type Questions :

31. Represent schematically the type of life cycle pattern exhibited by most of the algae.

Sol. Algae generally exhibit haplontic life cycle.

Zygote(2n)

Gametogenesis

Syngam

y

Gametophyte(n)

Spores(n)

Haplontic

A

B

Meios

is

32. Explain the haplo-diplontic condition in bryophytes and pteridophytes.

Sol. It is an intermediate type of life cycle where both the sporophyte and gametophyte are multicellular and often

free-living. Bryophytes and pteridophytes exhibit this pattern. In bryophytes the dominant phase is the

independent gametophyte and it alternates with the short-lived multicellular sporophyte totally or partially

dependent on the gametophyte for its anchorage and nutrition. In pteridophytes, the dominant phase is

represented by the sporophyte which is diploid, independent, photosynthetic vascular plant body. It alternates

with multicellular, independent but short-lived haploid gametophyte.

33. (a) Draw a well-labelled diagram of Funaria representing gametophyte and sporophyte.

(b) Explain the sexual reproduction in brown algae.

Sol. (a)Capsule

Seta

Leaves

Main axis

Rhizoids

Sporophyte

Gametophyte

(b) Sexual reproduction may be isogamous, anisogamous or oogamous. Union of gametes may take place

in water or within the oogonium. The gametes are pyriform (pear-shaped) and bear two laterally attached

flagella.



34. What are different cells present in the embryo sac? Discuss their fate.

Sol. Each embryo sac has a three-celled egg apparatus – one egg cell and two synergids, three antipodal cells

and two polar nuclei. The polar nuclei eventually fuse to produce a diploid secondary nucleus.

Fate of the cells : The egg cell fuses with one of the male gametes to form the zygote. The secondary

nucleus (2n) fuses with the other male gamete to produce the primary endosperm nucleus. The synergids and

the antipodal cells degenerate after fertilisation.

35. Discuss double fertilisation.

Sol. Double fertilisation is an event unique to angiosperms. After the dispersal from the anthers, pollen grains are

carried by wind or various other agencies to the stigma of a pistil. The pollen grain germinates on the stigma

and the resulting pollen tube grows through the tissues of stigma and style and reach the ovule. The pollen

tube enters the embryo sac (female gametophyte) and discharge the male gametes present in the pollen

grain. One of the male gametes fuses with the egg cell to form zygote. This is known as syngamy. The

other male gamete fuses with the diploid secondary nucleus to produce the triploid primary endosperm

nucleus (PEN). This primary endosperm nucleus develops into endosperm which nourishes the developing

embryo.

36. (a) Discuss the structure of carpel.

(b) Discuss the post fertilisation development in angiosperms.

Sol. (a) Pistil or the carpel is the female sex organ in a flower. A pistil has three parts – stigma, style and ovary.

Stigma is the terminal receptive part of the pistil which functions as landing platform for the pollen grains.

Style is elongated narrow stalk that connects the ovary with the stigma. Ovary is the basal swollen part

of the pistil. It may have one to several ovules. The number of ovules in an ovary may be one or many.

Each ovule has one or two protective envelops called integuments. Enclosed within the integuments is

a mass of cells called the nucellus.

(b) The synergids and antipodals degenerate. Ovules develop into seeds and the ovaries develop into fruit.

37. Give five main characteristics of brown algae.

Sol. (i) The members of phaeophyceae are commonly called brown algae. Majority of the brown algae are found

in marine habitats.

(ii) They possess the pigment chlorophyll a & c, carotenoids and xanthophyll.

(iii) They vary in colour from olive green to various shades of brown depending upon the amount of the

xanthophyll called fucoxanthin.

(iv) They shows great variation of size and form. In Ectocarpus the body is simple branched and filamentous

whereas in kelps the body is profusely branched. Kelps may reach a height of 100 metres.

(v) Food is stored as complex carbohydrates which may be laminarin or mannitol.

38. What is the dominant phase of pteridophytes and how is it formed?

Sol. The dominant phase in pteridophyte is a sporophyte.

(i) The sporangia contain sporogenous tissue, where spore mother cells undergo meiosis to produce spores.

(ii) The spores germinate to give rise to inconspicuous, small but multicellular, free living, mostly photosynthetic

thalloid gametophytes called prothallus.

(iii) The gametophytes bear male and female sex organs called antheridia and archegonia respectively.

(iv) Sperms are flagellated (antherozoids). They require an external supply of water for swimming to the mouth

of archegonium.

(v) Fusion of gametes result in the formation of zygote which develop into embryo. The embryo develops into

a multicellular well-differentiated sporophyte.



39. Discuss the economic importance of pteridophytes.

Sol. (a) Soil binding : Pteridophytes bind the soil even along hill slopes. The soil is protected from erosion.

(b) Medicines : An anthelmintic drug is obtained from Dryopteris.

(c) Ornamentals : Ferns are grown as ornamental plants for their delicate and graceful leaves.

(d) Food : Marsilea, a water fern yields starch that constitute a good source of food for certain tribals.

(e) Scouring : Equisetum stems have been used in scouring (cleaning of utensils) and polishing of metals.

40. Discuss the artificial and natural classification systems.

Sol. Artificial System of Classification

The earliest systems of classification were artificial. For example, classification within the angiosperms were

based only on gross superficial morphological characters such as habit, colour, number and shape of leaves

etc. Such systems were based mainly on vegetative characters. They separated the closely related species

as they were based on a few characteristics. Also equal weightage to vegetative and sexual characteristics

were given by the systems but as we know, the vegetative characters are more affected by environment, so

this was not acceptable and therefore the natural classification system developed.

Natural System of Classification

Organisms in this system are classified on the basis of natural affinities and consider not only external but

also internal features like ultrastructure, anatomy, embryology and phytochemistry. George Bentham and

Joseph Dalton Hooker gave such a classification for flowering plants.

41. Discuss phylogenetic classification system, numerical taxonomy, cytotaxonomy and chemotaxonomy.

Sol. Phylogenetic System of Classification

At present phylogenetic classification systems are acceptable which are based on evolutionary relationships

between the various organisms, assuming that organisms belonging to the same taxa have common ancestor.

Information from many other sources help to resolve difficulties in classification.

Numerical Taxonomy : It is based on all observable characteristics, carried out using computers. Number

and codes are assigned to all the characters and then data is processed. In this way each character is given

equal importance and at the same time hundreds of characters can be considered.

Cytotaxonomy : It is based on cytological informations like chromosome number, structure, behaviour.

Chemotaxonomy : It is based on the chemical constituents of the plant.

42. (a) What are the functions of following structures in algae?

(i) Holdfast

(ii) Frond

(iii) Air bladder

(b) Mention the pigments and reserve food material present in the algae possessing the above mentioned structures.

Sol. (a) (i) Holdfast helps in attaching the plant body to a substratum.

(ii) Frond is leaf-like structure meant for photosynthesis.

(iii) Air bladder provide buoyancy.

(b) The plant body of brown algae is often differentiated into holdfast, stipe and frond. They possess the pigment

chlorophyll a & c, carotenoids and xanthophyll.

Reserve food material is laminarin or mannitol.

43. Discuss the major pigments and cell wall composition of different classes of algae.

Sol. Chlorophyceae : Contains pigments, chlorophyll a & b. Green algae usually have a rigid cell wall made of

an inner layer of cellulose and an outer layer of pectose.



Phaeophyceae : Contains pigments, chlorophyll a & c, carotenoids and xanthophylls. The vegetative cells

have a cellulosic wall usually covered on the outside by a gelatinous coating of algin.

Rhodophyceae : Pigments present are chlorophyll a & d, phycoerythrin. Cell wall is made up of cellulose

and poly sulphate esters.

44. Discuss the economic importance of bryophytes.

Sol. (a) Prevention of soil erosion : Bryophytes, especially mosses, form dense mats over the soil and prevent

soil erosion against falling rains.

(b) Soil formation : Mosses are an important link in plant succession on rocky areas. They take part in

building soil in rock crevices formed by lichens. Growth of Sphagnum (Bog moss) ultimately fills ponds

and lakes with soil.

(c) Water retention : Dry Sphagnum has great water absorbing capacity. This characteristic is employed

by garderners to keep seedlings and cut plants moist during transportation and propagation. Sphagnum

moss was used in place of absorbent cotton, so is also called cotton moss.

(d) Peat : Sphagnum often grows in acidic marshes. The older dead parts of moss and other marshy plants

got slowly carbonised, compressed and fossilised over thousands of years and have produced a dark

spongy mass called peat. Peat is dried, compressed and cut to form blocks. The peat blocks are used

as fuel. Peat is also a good manure. It overcomes soil alkalinity and increases its water retention as well

as aeration.

(e) Other uses : In rocky and ice cold areas mosses are a good source of food for certain animals like birds.

A decoction of Polytrichum commune was employed in removing kidney stones.

45. Represent schematically the life cycle of a gymnosperm.

Sol. Sporophyte(2n)

Female cone

Mega-sporophylls

Megasporemother cell (2n)

Meiosis

Megaspores(n)

Femalegametophyte

(n)

Femalegamete (n)

Zygote (2n)

Embryo (2n)

Megasporangia(ovules)

Micro-sporangia

Microsporemother cell (2n)

Microspores (n)

Malegametes (n)

Pollengrains

Meiosis

Gametophytic(n) generation

Sporophytic(2n) phase

Fusion

Male cone

Archegonia

Seed (2n)

Microsporophylls

Life Cycle of a Gymnosperm



SECTION - B

Model Test Paper

Very Short Answer Type Questions :

1. What is meant by a thallus?

Sol. Thallus refers to the plant body which is not differentiated into root, stem and leaves as in algae and lower

bryophytes.

2. Name the structure that fixes the brown algae to the substratum.

Sol. Holdfast

3. Name the characteristic red pigment of red algae.

Sol. r-phycoerythrin

4. What happens to the synergids after fertilisation?

Sol. They degenerate.

5. What are gymnosperms?

Sol. Gymnosperms are vascular plants in which the seeds are not enclosed within the fruit wall.

6. What type of sexual reproduction is shown by Volvox?

Sol. Oogamous

7. Name the structure formed by the germination of a spore of a fern.

Sol. Prothallus

8. Name the two main parts of a stamen.

Sol. Filament and anther.


9. How does isogamous reproduction differ from anisogamous reproduction?

Sol. In isogamous reproduction, fusion of two gametes either flagellated or non-flagellated but similar in size takes

place whereas in anisogamous reproduction fusion of two gametes dissimilar in size takes place.

10. Name the characteristic pigments of brown algae.

Sol. Chlorophyll a & c, carotenoids and xanthophylls (fucoxanthin).

11. How do the gametophytes of bryophytes differ from those of gymnosperms?

Sol. In bryophytes the gametophytes are independent, free-living and form the main plant body whereas in

gymnosperms the gametophytes do not have an independent free-living existence. They remain within the

sporangia retained on the sporophytes.

12. How does asexual reproduction occur in liverworts?

Sol. Asexual reproduction in liverworts takes place by fragmentation of thalli or by the formation of specialised

structures called gemmae. The gemmae become detached from the parent body and germinate to form new

individuals.

13. Name three algae that show haplodiplontic life cycle. Name one algae that shows diplontic life cycle.

Sol. Ectocarpus, Polysiphonia, kelps show haplodiplontic life cycle. Fucus shows diplontic life cycle.

14. Write two examples of green algae that are filamentous. What is the common mode of vegetative reproduction

in green algae?

Sol. Ulothrix and Spirogyra. In green algae vegetative reproduction usually takes place by fragmentation or formation

of different types of spores.



15. What is the ploidy of endosperm in flowering plants and how is it formed?

Sol. Triploid. One of the haploid male gametes fertilises the diploid secondary nucleus forming the triploid

endosperm.


16. Name the three classes of algae and mention the pigments present in them.

Sol. Class – Chlorophyceae

Pigments – Chlorophyll a & b, carotenoids

Class – Phaeophyceae

Pigments – Chlorophyll a & c, carotenoids and xanthophylls.

Class – Rhodophyceae

Pigments – Chlorophyll a & d, phycoerythrin.

17. Write the names of any three classes of pteridophytes. Give one example for each.

Sol. Psilopsida e.g., Psilotum

Lycopsida e.g., Lycopodium

Sphenopsida e.g., Equisetum

18. Mention three economic importance of the first terrestrial plants having vascular tissues.

Sol. (i) Soil binding : Pteridophytes bind the soil even along hill slopes. The soil is protected from erosion.

(ii) Medicines : An anthelmintic drug is obtained from Dryopteris.

(iii) Ornamentals : Ferns are grown as ornamental plants for their delicate and graceful leaves.

19. What are the two classes of angiosperms? Give an example for each.

Sol. The two classes are

(i) Dicotyledons : Dicots are flowering plants which are characterised by the presence of two cotyledons

in the seed e.g., Pea.

(ii) Monocotyledons : Monocots are flowering plants which are characterised by the presence of a single

cotyledon in the seed e.g., Banana.

20. Represent schematically the haplo-diplontic life cycle.

Sol.

Sporophyte(2n)

Gametogenesis

A

Zygote(2n)

Syngamy

Gametophyte(n)

Meiosis

Haplo-diplonticBSpores(n)

Haplo-diplontic Life Cycle



21. Describe the type of fertilisation that is unique to plants in which seeds are enclosed by fruits.

Sol. The pollen tube enters the embryo sac and discharge the male gametes present in the pollen grain. One of

the male gametes fuses with the egg cell to form zygote. This is known as syngamy. The other male gamete

fuses with the diploid secondary nucleus to produce the triploid primary endosperm nucleus (PEN). Thus,

double fertilisation occurs, an event unique to angiosperms.

Long Answer Type Questions :

22. Describe the important characteristic of archegoniate spermatophytes (any five).

Sol. Gymmosperms are archegoniate spermatophytes

(i) These are the seed-bearing plants, where the ovules are not enclosed in an ovary and hence, the seeds

are naked (not enclosed in a fruit).

(ii) Unlike bryophytes and pteridophytes, in gymnosperms the male and female gametophytes do not have

an independent free-living existence.

(iii) The plants represent the diploid sporophytic phase in the life cycle.

(iv) They include medium-sized trees or tall trees and shrubs. The Sequoia (Red wood tree) is one of the tallest

tree species.

(v) Plant body is differentiated into roots, stem and leaves. The roots are generally tap roots. Roots in some

genera have fungal association in the form of mycorrhiza (Pinus), while in some others (Cycas) small

specialised roots called coralloid roots are associated with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. Coralloid roots

do not possess root hairs and root caps.

23. Represent schematically the life cycle of an angiosperm. Name its life cycle pattern.

Sol.

Egg Gametes

Malegametophyte

Microspore(pollen grain)

GAMETOPHYTIC(n)

GENERATION

Microspore

Microsporangium

Anther

Filament

Style

Stigma

Ovary

SPOROPHYTIC(2n)

GENERATION

Embryo

Zygote

Sporophyte

FlowerMegasporemother cell

Microsporemother cell

Megasporangium(ovule)

Life Cycle of an angiosperm

Diplontic Life Cycle.

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Objective Type Questions

(Classification systems and Branches of Taxonomy)

1. Which of the following systems of classification involves usage of one or few morphological characters for

grouping of organisms?

(1) Artificial system (2) Natural system

(3) Phylogenetic system (4) Bentham and Hooker’s system

Sol. Answer (1)

Artificial system of classification involves usage of one or few morphological characters.

2. Classification of organisms on the basis of fossils record that play important role in elucidation of evolutionary

relationships is

(1) Earliest systems (2) Phylogenetic systems (3) Morphotaxonomy (4) Artificial system

Sol. Answer (2)

Phylogenetic system plays important role in elucidation of evolutionary relationships.

3. DNA sequence is the basis of grouping organisms in

(1) Karyotaxonomy (2) Cytotaxonomy (3) Phenetics (4) Chemotaxonomy

Sol. Answer (4)

Chemotaxonomy involves grouping of organisms on the basis of :

DNA sequence

RNA sequence

Chemical nature of protein etc.

(Algae)

4. Plants which are not differentiated into roots, stems and leaves are

(1) Algae (2) Gymnosperms (3) Pteridophytes (4) Angiosperms

Sol. Answer (1)

Algae are thallophytes.

5. Cell wall of Spirogyra is composed of

(1) Peptidoglycan (2) Pectin (3) Cellulose (4) Both (2) & (3)

Sol. Answer (4)

Cell wall of Spirogyra is composed of pectin and cellulose.

6. Kelps are massive

(1) Brown algae (2) Amphibious plants

(3) Flowering plants (4) Plants with naked seeds

Sol. Answer (1)

Kelps are massive brown algae.

Solutions (Set-2)



7. Laminarin is the stored food in

(1) Dictyota (2) Volvox (3) Polysiphonia (4) Chlamydomonas

Sol. Answer (1)

Laminarin is the stored food in brown algae e.g., Dictyota.

8. In Gracilaria, sexual reproduction is

(1) Isogamous (2) Anisogamous (3) Oogamous (4) Both (1) & (2)

Sol. Answer (3)

Sexual reproduction in red algae is oogamous

e.g., Gracilaria, Gelidium

9. Ectocarpus is

(1) Unicellular green algae

(2) Filamentous brown algae

(3) Branched red algae

(4) Colonial green algae

Sol. Answer (2)

Ectocarpus is branched filamentous brown algae

10. Find out the mismatch pair

(1) Carrageen – Red algae (2) Algin – Brown algae

(3) Agar – Chlorella (4) Single celled protein – Spirullina

Sol. Answer (3)

Agar – Red algae

11. In algae, the photosynthetic pigments are present in

(1) Pyrenoids (2) Cell wall

(3) Chloroplast (4) Vacuole

Sol. Answer (3)

Photosynthetic pigments in algae are present in chloroplast.

(Bryophytes)

12. Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding bryophytes?

(1) They are dependent on water for sexual reproduction

(2) The main plant body is diploid

(3) They usually occur in damp, humid and shaded localities

(4) They play an important role in plant succession on bare rocks

Sol. Answer (2)

The main plant body in bryophytes is haploid.



13. Peat is obtained from

(1) Sphagnum (2) Funaria (3) Riccia (4) Marchantia

Sol. Answer (1)

Peat is obtained from Sphagnum.

14. Liverworts reproduce asexually by

(1) Gemmae (2) Fragmentation (3) Mitospores (4) Both (1) & (2)

Sol. Answer (4)

Liverworts reproduce asexually by gemmae and fragmentation.

15. _______ is used by gardeners to keep cut plants moist during transportation and propagation.

(1) Marchantia (2) Sphagnum (3) Equisetum (4) Funaria

Sol. Answer (2)

Sphagnum is used for transportation of seedling of cut plants.

16. In mosses the sex organs are present in the

(1) Protonema stage (2) Sporophytic stage (3) Leafy stage (4) Both (1) & (2)

Sol. Answer (3)

In mosses the sex organs are present in the leafy stage.

17. Antherozoids represent

(1) Male gametophyte (2) Photosynthetic sporophyte

(3) Female gametophyte (4) Motile male gametes

Sol. Answer (4)

Antherozoids represent male motile gametes.

(Pteridophytes)

18. In pteridophytes, spores germinate to give rise to

(1) Prothallus (2) Protonema (3) Leafy stage (4) Strobili

Sol. Answer (1)

In pteridophytes, spores germinate to give rise prothallus.

19. In Selaginella the embryo develops into

(1) Gametophyte (2) Sporophyte (3) Archegonium (4) Antheridium

Sol. Answer (2)

In Selaginella the embryo develops into sporophyte.

20. In pteridophytes, the megaspore germinates to form

(1) Pollen grain (2) Embryo (3) Seed (4) Female gametophyte

Sol. Answer (4)

In pteridophytes, the megaspore germinates to form female gametophytes.



21. The development of young embryos of pteridophytes within the female gametophytes is a precursor to the

(1) Aquatic habit (2) Autotrophic habit (3) Seed habit (4) Parasitic habit

Sol. Answer (3)

Young embryos of pteridophytes within the female gametophyte – precursor to the seed habit.

22. Which of the following possess vascular tissues but lacks seeds?

(1) Mosses (2) Volvox (3) Ferns (4) Liverworts

Sol. Answer (3)

Pteridophytes possess vascular tissues but lacks seeds. e.g., Ferns

23. The main plant body is differentiated into true root, stem and leaves in

(1) Green algae (2) Bryophytes

(3) Blue green algae (4) Pteridophytes

Sol. Answer (4)

The main plant body is sporophytes differentiated into true root, stem and leaves. They are pteridophytes,

gymnosperm and angiosperm.

24. Evolutionarily, the first terrestrial plants to possess vascular tissues are

(1) Green algae (2) Pteridophytes (3) Brown algae (4) Bryophytes

Sol. Answer (2)

Pteridophytes, first terrestrial plants to possess vascular tissues.

25. In pteridophytes, fusion of gametes takes place in

(1) External medium (2) Antheridium (3) Sporangium (4) Archegonium

Sol. Answer (4)

In pteridophytes, fusion of gametes takes place in archegonium.

(Gymnosperms)

26. The first seeded plants are the

(1) Bryophytes (2) Gymnosperms (3) Algae (4) Pteridophytes

Sol. Answer (2)

Gymnosperms are first seeded plants.

27. Gymnosperms have

(1) Tap root system

(2) Seeds enclosed within the fruit

(3) Rhizoids

(4) Branched stems always

Sol. Answer (1)

Gymnosperms have tap root system.



28. Which of the following has both the male and female cones on same plant body?

(1) Cycas (2) Ginkgo (3) Eucalyptus (4) Pinus

Sol. Answer (4)

Pinus is monoecious.

29. Which of the following plants possess naked seeds?

(1) Bryophytes (2) Gymnosperms (3) Pteridophytes (4) Angiosperms

Sol. Answer (2)

Gymnosperms (Naked seeds)

30. The megaspore mother cell is differentiated from one of the cells of the

(1) Nucellus (2) Pollen grain (3) Microsporangia (4) Both (2) & (3)

Sol. Answer (1)

Source of megaspore mother cell is nucellus.

31. Coralloid roots have a symbiotic association with

(1) Photosynthetic green algae

(2) Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria

(3) Fungus

(4) Photosynthetic brown algae

Sol. Answer (2)

Coralloid roots have a symbiotic association with Nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria.

32. The cones bearing microsporophylls are known as

(1) Male strobili (2) Macrosporangiate

(3) Female strobili (4) Both (2) & (3)

Sol. Answer (1)

The cones bearing microsporophylls are male strobili.

33. Pollen grains are released from

(1) Macrosporangium (2) Microsporangium

(3) Megaspore mother cell (4) Archegonium

Sol. Answer (2)

Pollen grains are released from microsporangium.

(Angiosperms)

34. In angiosperms the sporophylls are organised into

(1) Seeds (2) Fruits (3) Flowers (4) Seed coats

Sol. Answer (3)

In angiosperms the sporophylls are organised into flowers.



35. Which of the following angiosperm is almost microscopic?

(1) Eucalyptus (2) Wolfia (3) Acacia (4) Colocasia

Sol. Answer (2)

Wolfia is a microscopic angiosperm.

36. Endosperm of angiosperm is

(1) Triploid (2) Diploid (3) Haploid (4) Tetraploid

Sol. Answer (1)

Endosperm of angiosperm is triploid (3n).

37. Fusion of a male gamete with the secondary nucleus forms the

(1) Zygote (2) Embryo (3) Seed (4) Endosperm

Sol. Answer (4)

Triple fusion – Fusion of a male gamete with secondary nucleus, forms the endosperm.

38. In angiosperms the female gametophyte is also known as

(1) Nucellus (2) Embryo sac (3) Endosperm (4) Stigma

Sol. Answer (2)

In angiosperms, female gametophyte is also known as embryo sac.

39. An event unique to angiosperms is

(1) Double fertilisation (2) Sexual reproduction

(3) Pollination (4) Spore formation

Sol. Answer (1)

Double fertilization is an event unique to angiosperms.

40. _______ functions as landing platform for the pollen grains in flowering plants.

(1) Style (2) Stigma (3) Ovary (4) Ovules

Sol. Answer (2)

Stigma – Landing platform for the pollen grains.

41. Which of the following cells of embryo sac degenerate after fertilisation in angiosperms?

(1) Synergids (2) Polar nuclei (3) Antipodal cells (4) Both (1) & (3)

Sol. Answer (4)

Cells of embryo sac degenerate after fertilisation in angiosperms these are synergids and antipodal cells.

42. In angiosperms, the megaspore develops into

(1) Pollen grain (2) Embryo sac (3) Stigma (4) Ovary

Sol. Answer (2)

In angiosperms, the megasopre develops into embryo sac.



43. The germination of pollen grain results in the formation of

(1) Primary endosperm nucleus (2) Embryo

(3) Pollen tube (4) Polar nuclei

Sol. Answer (3)

The germination of pollen grain results in the formation of pollen tube.

44. Eucalyptus is different from Cedrus in the presence of

(1) Syngamy (2) Seeds

(3) Archegonia (4) Triple fusion

Sol. Answer (4)

Eucalyptus is angiosperm, have triple fusion.

45. Cotyledons are

(1) Modified roots

(2) Embryonic leaves

(3) Known as primary endosperm nucleus

(4) Present in gymnospermic seeds only

Sol. Answer (2)

Cotyledons are embryonic leaves.

46. Which of the following is not a dicot?

(1) Eucalyptus (2) Sunflower

(3) Acacia (4) Banana

Sol. Answer (4)

Banana – Monocot

(Plant life cycles and Alternation of generations)

47. The diploid sporophyte is dominant in life cycle of

(1) Volvox (2) Spirogyra (3) Chlamydomonas (4) Eucalyptus

Sol. Answer (4)

Eucalyptus :

Angiosperm

Diploid sporophyte dominant

48. Haplo-diplontic condition is exhibited by

(1) Most algae (2) Bryophytes (3) Angiosperms (4) Gymnosperms

Sol. Answer (2)

Bryophytes – Haplo-diplontic



49. Haplontic life cycle is represented by

(1) Volvox (2) Cycas (3) Selaginella (4) Salvinia

Sol. Answer (1)

Volvox – Haplontic life cycle

50. An alga which exhibits diplontic life cycle is

(1) Spirogyra (2) Fucus (3) Polysiphonia (4) Ulothrix

Sol. Answer (2)

Fucus

– Algae

– Diplontic life cycle

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L1 Ch-6 Sol Set-1 Anatomy of Flowering Plants

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Transcript of L1 Ch-6 Sol Set-1 Anatomy of Flowering Plants