Measuring Population Growth and Change World Population Growth The
L01 2010 the growth of world population
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AS Geography: Population Change The Growth of World Population
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Transcript of L01 2010 the growth of world population
AS Geography: Population Change
The Growth of World Population
AS Geography: Population Change
Key Terms
Population Distribution – How people are spread across the earth.
Population Density – The number of people living in a given area. Usually measured as people per square kilometre.
AS Geography: Population Change
AS Geography: Population Change
Key TermsBirth Rate - A measure of an area’s fertility. It is
expressed as number of live births per 1,000 people in 1 year. (Crude Birth Rate)
Death Rate – The number of deaths per 1,000 people in 1 year. (Crude Death Rate)
Life Expectancy – The average number of years from birth that a person can expect to live.
AS Geography: Population Change
Key Terms (con’t)
Longevity – the increase in life expectancy over a period of time. It is a direct result of improved medical provision and increased levels of economic development. People live longer and this creates an older population.
AS Geography: Population Change
Key Terms (con’t)
Natural Change – The change in size of a population caused by the interrelationship between birth and death rates. If birth rate exceeds death rate, a population will increase.
If death rate exceeds birth rate, a population will decline.
AS Geography: Population Change
Global Population
Growth in World population has not taken place evenly.
AS Geography: Population Change
World Population Growth
Year Population(billions)
1800 1.1
1850 1.4
1900 1.8
1950 2.8
2000 6.1
2010 6.8 – 7.1
AS Geography: Population Change
Population Change
Components of Population Change:• Fertility (births)• Mortality (deaths)• Migration
AS Geography: Population Change
Measures of Fertility
• Crude Birth Rate (CBR)• Total Fertility Rate – the average number of
children born to a women during her lifetime.• Replacement Level Fertility –the level at which
each generation has only enough daughters to replace themselves. Approximately 2.12 is replacement rate.
AS Geography: Population Change
Measures of Mortality
• Crude Death Rate• Age-Specific Death Rate• Age- and Sex- Specific Death Rate• Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) – a measure of the number of
deaths of infants before their first birthday per 1000 live births.
• Life Expectancy – the average number of years a person can expect to live.
• Maternal Mortality Rate – the number of women who die as a result of complications in pregnancy and childbirth. Measured per 1000 live births in a year.
AS Geography: Population Change
Causes of Population Growth
AS Geography: Population Change
Factors: Health
• Control of Disease• Birth Control Measures• Infant Mortality Rates• Diet and Malnutrition• Numbers of Doctors and Nurses• Sexual Health• Sanitation
AS Geography: Population Change
Factors: Education
• Health Education• Age at Which Compulsory Schooling Finishes• Females in Education• Levels of Tertiary Education• Literacy Levels
AS Geography: Population Change
Factors: Social Provision
• Levels of care for the elderly.• Availability of radio and other media.• Clean water supply.
AS Geography: Population Change
Factors: Cultural Factors
• Religious attitudes to birth control• Status gain from having children.• Role of women in society.• Sexual morality.
AS Geography: Population Change
Factors: Political Factors
• Taxation to support services• Strength of the economy• Impact of war and conflicts• Access to healthcare and contraception.
AS Geography: Population Change
Factors: Environmental Factors
• Frequency of hazards.• Environmental conditions that breed disease.
