Spatial and temporal distribution of petroleum hydrocarbons in wild

mussels in Galicia after the Prestige oil spill

L. VIÑAS, M.A. FRANCO, J.A. SORIANO and J.J. GONZÁLEZ Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Cabo Estai-Canido. 36200 Vigo, Spain

L. ORTIZ, J.M. BAYONA and J. ALBAIGÉS Department of Environmental Chemistry, CID-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034-Barcelona, Spain.

Mussel as a sentinel organism:

• Concentrate substances over their levels in the environment.

• The tissue reflects environmental changes.

• Stay in a single location: Sessile.

• Fairly resistant to chemical contamination.

• Abundant along the studied area.

Sampling

• 24 stations

• October 2000 pre-spill

• February 2003 3 months after spill

• June 2003 7 months after spill

Ribadeo

ViveiroEspasante

Cedeira

Ferro l-P íasFerro l-Palm a

Coruña-M era

Ares

La G uardiaS ta.M ª O ia

V igo-Sam il

V igo-La G uíaCabo Hom e

Pontevedra-Raxó

Pontevedra-Loira

Corrubedo Arosa

M uros-Freixo

M uros-S .Anton

Pta. Insua

Fin isterre

M uxía

Caion

Corm e

Coruña-T.Contro l

Analytes determined

• Aliphatic hydrocarbons, with special emphasis on the profiles of fossil markers, such as triterpanes and steranes.

• Analysed by GC-MS

Analytes determined

• Aromatic hydrocarbons, 13 parent PAHs.

• Analysed by HPLC-FLD

Fenantreno Antraceno Fluoranteno Pireno Benzo[a]Antraceno

Criseno Benzo[e]Pireno Benzo[b]Fluoranteno Benzo[k]Fluoranteno

Benzo[a]Pireno Dibenzo[a,h]Antraceno Benzo[g,h,i]Perileno Indeno[1,2,3-c,d]Pireno

General distribution of PAHs

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

stations

ng

/g d

w

2000

2003 Febr.

2003 Junio

October 2000-February 2003

0100

200300

400500

600700

800

Su

m 1

3 P

AH

s (µg

/kg

p.s

)

oct-00 feb-03

0100020003000400050006000700080009000

Su

m 1

3 P

AH

s (µg

/kg

p.s

)

oct-00 feb-03

0100200

300400500600

700800900

Su

m 1

3 P

AH

s (µ

g/k

g p

.s)

oct-00 feb-03

R ibadeo

ViveiroEspasante

Cedeira

Ferro l-P íasFerro l-Palm a

Coruña-M era

Ares

La G uardia

S ta.M ª O ia

V igo-Sam il

V igo-La G uíaCabo Hom e

Pontevedra-Raxó

Pontevedra-Loira

CorrubedoArosa

M uros-Freixo

M uros-S .Anton

Pta. Insua

Fin isterre

M uxía

Caion

Corm e

Coruña-T.Contro l

October 2000-February 2003-June 2003

0

100200

300

400

500600

700

800

Su

m 1

3 P

AH

s (µ

g/k

g p

.s)

oct-00 feb-03 jun-03

0100020003000400050006000700080009000

Su

m 1

3 P

AH

s (µ

g/k

g p

.s)

oct-00 feb-03 jun-03

0100200300400

500600700800900

Su

m 1

3 P

AH

s (µg

/kg

p.s

)

oct-00 feb-03 jun-03

R ibadeo

ViveiroEspasante

Cedeira

Ferro l-P íasFerro l-Palm a

Coruña-M era

Ares

La G uardia

S ta.M ª O ia

V igo-Sam il

V igo-La G uíaCabo Hom e

Pontevedra-Raxó

Pontevedra-Loira

CorrubedoArosa

M uros-Freixo

M uros-S .Anton

Pta. Insua

Fin isterre

M uxía

Caion

Corm e

Coruña-T.Contro l

PAH profile

0

10

20

30Phe

Ant

Fluo

Pyr

BaA

ChryBePBbF

BkF

BaP

BghiP

dBahA

In123cdP

MUXÍA

010

2030

40Phe

Ant

Fluo

Pyr

BaA

ChryBePBbF

BkF

BaP

BghiP

dBahA

In123cdP

010

2030

40Phe

Ant

Fluo

Pyr

BaA

ChryBePBbF

BkF

BaP

BghiP

dBahA

In123cdP

0102030

40Phe

Ant

Fluo

Pyr

BaA

ChryBePBbF

BkF

BaP

BghiP

dBahA

In123cdP

0102030

40Phe

Ant

Fluo

Pyr

BaA

ChryBePBbF

BkF

BaP

BghiP

dBahA

In123cdP

BghiP

PUNTA INSUA

0

10

20

30Phe

Ant

Fluo

Pyr

BaA

Chry

BePBbF

BkF

BaP

dBahA

In123cdP

0

10

20

30

40Phe

Ant

Fluo

Pyr

BaA

Chry

BePBbF

BkF

BaP

BghiP

dBahA

In123cdP

0

10

20

30

40Phe

Ant

Fluo

Pyr

BaA

Chry

BePBbF

BkF

BaP

BghiP

dBahA

In123cdP

0100020003000400050006000700080009000

Sum

13

PA

Hs

(µg/

kg p

.s)

oct-00 feb-03 jun-03

PAH profile

0

10

20

30Phe

Ant

Fluo

Pyr

BaA

ChryBePBbF

BkF

BaP

BghiP

dBahA

In123cdP

CABO HOME

Pyr

BaA

Pyr

BaA

01020

30

40Phe

Ant

Fluo

ChryBePBbF

BkF

BaP

BghiP

dBahA

In123cdP

01020

30

40Phe

Ant

Fluo

ChryBePBbF

BkF

BaP

BghiP

dBahA

In123cdP

0

1020

30

40Phe

Ant

Fluo

Pyr

BaA

ChryBePBbF

BkF

BaP

BghiP

dBahA

In123cdP

0

1020

30

40Phe

Ant

Fluo

Pyr

BaA

ChryBePBbF

BkF

BaP

BghiP

dBahA

In123cdP

FERROL-PÍAS

0

10

20

30Phe

Ant

Fluo

Pyr

BaA

Chry

BePBbF

BkF

BaP

BghiP

dBahA

In123cdP

0

10

20

30Phe

Ant

Fluo

Pyr

BaA

Chry

BePBbF

BkF

BaP

BghiP

dBahA

In123cdP

0

10

20

30Phe

Ant

Fluo

Pyr

BaA

Chry

BePBbF

BkF

BaP

BghiP

dBahA

In123cdP

0

100200

300

400

500600

700

800

Su

m 1

3 P

AH

s (µg

/kg

p.s

)

oct-00 feb-03 jun-03

0100200300400

500600700800900

Su

m 1

3 P

AH

s (µg

/kg

p.s

)

oct-00 feb-03 jun-03

Isomeric ratios

27Ts: 18(H)-22,29,30-trisnorneohopane/17(H)-22,29,30-trisnorhopane %29ab: 17(H),21(H)-30-norhopane/17(H),21(H)-hopane %29aaS: 24-ethyl-14(H),17(H)cholestane (20S/20R) %29bb: 24-ethyl-14(H),17(H)cholestane (R+S)/24-ethyl-14(H),17(H)cholestane(R+S)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

%27Ts %29ab %29aaS %29bb

Fuel 4 9 1213 14 20 24

Conclusions

• Two main groups of mussels: affected and not affected by the spill

• Increase of hydrocarbons in February and subsequent decrease in June.