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GEM Liquid Ionization CalorimetersL-a.4. fl/

V. Radeka

* Introduction: Scopeand Goals

* Design Overview:

- Segmentation

- EM Electrode Configuration

- Hadron

- EM Forward Calorimeter

* Readout and Dynamic Range

* Constant Term for EM

* Calibration

* Outline of R&D Plans

WORKING GROUPS LEADERS ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONAT THE TDR REVIEW

1. Overall mechanicaland cryogenic design

L. Mason D. LissauerB. Humphreys --

2. EM Calorimetry M. Seman/R. McCarthy H. Ma, B. Easom

3. Hadron Liquid F. Lobkowicz, P. Mockett K. Barnstable

4. Hadron Scintillator Y Kamyshkov M. Rennich

5. Forward J. Rutherfoord

6. Readout and Electronics J. Parsons S. Rescia, D. Makowiecki -

7. Feedthroughs P. Mockett, F. Lobkowicz D. Makowiecki

8.TçJgger

9. Simulation

W. Cleland

J. Womersley M. Seman, H. Ma

10. Cryogenics system D. Richied, M. Wilson M. Diwan, D. Rahm

11. Installation and Integration W. Wisniewski

F. Lobkowicz12. Tests at FNAL -

13. Liquid Kr procurement

P. Slattery

H. Gordon, A. Onuchin

14. TDR H. Gordon

Liquid Calorimeter Support Documents:

1 Assembly of Liquid Barrel Calorimeter TN-93-309

2 Assembly of Liquid Endcap Calorimeter TN-93-310

3 Barrel Hadronic Modules TN-93-31 1

4 Endcap Hadronic Modules TN-93-312

5 Inner Barrel Cryostat Design Concept TN-93-313

6 Endcap Cryostat Design Concept TN-93-314

7 Feedthrough Design TN-93-315

8 Liquid Calorimeter Thermal Design Concept TN-93-316

9 Cryogenics System for Liquid Calorimeter TN-93-317

10 Vacuum system for Liquid Caloriemter TN-93-318

11 Information Flow-- Calorimeter segmentation TN-93-319

12 Structure of Barrel EM Calorimeter TN-93-320

13 Structure of Endcap EM Calorimeter TN-93-321

14 EM Electrode Design TN-93-322

15 EM Absorber production TN-93-323

16 EM Crocodile Press Barrel TN-93-324

17 EM Mold Press . TN-93-325

18 EM Module Assembly TN-93-326

19 Liquid Calorimeter - Internal Electronics TN-93-328

20 Installation Inside Liquid Calorimeter TN-93-327

Key Areas in the Calorimeter Design Phase

* Configuration and Parameter Optimization* Segmentation* Electrodes and Interconnections* Readout and Dynamic Range* Calibration* Trigger* Feedthroughs* Modular Structures* Cryostat* Cryogenics System* R&D and the Beam Test Program

* Construction and Quality Control* Calorimeter Asssembly* Calorimeter Installation* Integration with Other Subsystems* Access* Operating Procedures* Safety

OPERATIONAL GOALS:

1. 10 years of operation without major overhaulscryostat disassembly.

2. Accessto junction box areasevery - 2 years.

3. Continuous purification of the liquids.

4. Anticipate high luminosity operation.

What is new and different from:

SLD, D0, H1

1. Speed 1 1sec-* 20 nsec

2. Calibration Accuracy 1% - 0.2%

3. Segmentation - 3 times more channels

4. Radiation Levels SLD -. SSC/LHC

5. Much higher consequencesof failures!

Reliability and Failure ModesLiquid Ionization Calorimetry

Electrical Cables and Connections Shorts I Open Circuits* Power duplicate cables and connections* High Voltage duplicate cables and connections* Signal design strain relief for connectors of proven reliability* Calibration parallel feed on common control lines

Feedthrough* Electrical Connections manufacturing experience and testing* Vacuum design permits complete testing of assembly before

installation

Pre-amplifier and Calibration Hybrids* Design accumulated experience in US and Europe* Burn-in raised temperatures and voltages* Fusible Resistors on pre-amplifiers* Noisy Channels turn channels off electronically in pulse shapers

Signal Electrodes* High Voltage dual feed, X and X’ supplies* Current Limiting Resistors* Isolation 1.5 gap width minimum distance to ground

Simulations for Failure Criteria* e.g. two percent of channels can fail before physics is compromised

Materials* All materials used must have proven radiation hardness over the

lifetime of the detector. All materials used must contain no potentialcontaminates which would poison the ionization liquid.

Reliability* We feel that the principal means of ensuring the reliability of systems

and components used in our liquid.calori.metry is to rely heavily onpast experience in calorimeter design both in the US and Europ.Wherever possible only components and techniques with proven trackrecords will be used in this design. Standard models used to calculatethis data is to be used as a back-up.

Certification and Quality Assurance

Liquid Calorimgter Mass and Volume

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13x413 Xo

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Barrel Calorimeter SegmentationSegmentalion‘i xc

2 TowersPerIladronicModule

2 TowersPer ScintillallngBarrel Module

Cc-Lit,??

6 TowersPer EMModule

DesignConsiderations for EM Calorimeter:

Energy Resolution

Jet Rejection r° RejectionIsolation criteria

Position Resolution,Pointing MassResolution

Acceptance

EM OPTIMIZATION:

1 Krypton vs. argon in the barrel and endeap

2 Transversesegmentation

3 Longitudinal segmentation

4 Strips in the 1st longitudinal section

5 Masslessgap

6 Total depthof the EM calorimeter

7 Barrel to endcaptransition

8 Calibration

9 Dynamic rangerequirements:

DynamicRange218

10 Failure analysis

The effectsof missing channelson thephysicsperformance.

11 Mechanical toleranceson the nniformity

EM Accordion Segmentation

Jo.

±6x4 4oweg,s

coy

ljO

in Section 12x1 x4o = ftc

20,160EM

6O48O EM

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EM Accordion Electrodes

1st SectionaXo, Sit Strips

All strips

PreaiflpS& Calibration

AbsorberConnections

"MassiessGap"

Kapton"JumperStrips"

Pb Absorber

Barrel ElectromagneticModule

OuterSpacers

4..L ._..A4& J

CenterSupport/ Axial Restraint

OuterElectronics

4’., ‘ic

Striplines

Inner Spacers

Inner Tension Bands

Inner Electronics

OuterTensionBands

Each9° Module consistsof:24 AbsorberPlates24 SignalElectrodes84Towersinl-1.1si s 1.16Towersin p

Striplines

EndElectronics

Outer Supporter BlocksEndsOnlyxj3 DepthSegnents

r

SignalElectrodeBarrelFlat and at Room Temperature

_______ __

Tower

df MasslessGap

I OXo

3Xo

____________________________________________

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960 Signal Electrodesin Barrel

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PreamplifierBoard

High VoltageBus

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Middle Level

Silk ScreenResistors

SummingBoard

DSM3/5/93

eta= 0

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10.00 PreamplifierBoard

IS £ie’//busty

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EM Tower Parameters at 9=900

0=900LengthX0 Ap Mi

ElectrodeLengthcm

GapAreacm2

Cap.pF

Uk, EMe.V1itnergy

Resolution40 ns

FRONT 3 0.1570S 0.00436 11.7 4.7 400 7.7MIDDLE 10.3 0.02618 0.02618 30 . 100 650 8.4 -

BACK 11 0.02618 0.02618 32.2 126 800 10

EM Tower parameters at 9=400

.0=400 LengthXJ LtSXp 1-111

ElectrodeLengthcm

GapAreacm2

Cap.p1?

aaEnergy

Resolution40 ns

FRONT 3 0.15708 0.00436 11.7 4.7 400 7.7MIDDLE 10.3 0.02618 0.02618 30 94 650 8.4

BACK 25, 0.02618 0.02618 73 194 1250 13

Top view of Endcap EM Calorimeter

BARRELACTIVE REGION

3 cells/tower//towers = 63

BARRELACTIVE REGION

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Massless Gap Runs EGeV G/’f %

/ E = 80Gev 25 7.9±025- .. / 8.0 ±0.23% - 40 7.5±0,29RegIcr ‘3wsg b’

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EM EndcapCalorimeter

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Trigger Towers

=1.15

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GROUNDONNECTION

CUTOUT FOR1< EYWAY

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HIGH VOLTGAGE AACHMENT FORCONNECTION - STRIPLINES

GEM27W__URHTTILECONCEPTREVB_.EPS

HIGH VOLTAGEPAD

LEADTILE

G-1O SPACERSTO BE GLUED

IN PLACE

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Isometric view of barrel hadronic module

STRIPE LINESAND CONNECTORS

KEY FOR RADIALINSERTION AND

SUPPORT OF THEMODULE

STRUCTURALSHELL

GEM4OW_URMODCONCEPTREV._... .EPSEND PLATE 3-9-93

ELECTROSTATIC TRANSFORMER CONFIGURATION

0.5 mm G-10 Electrodelaminated to tiles

Direction

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cell

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Univ. of Washington3/17/93 JEF

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Cd Seanentation

University of Washington5/6/93 DAT

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l-ladtonicCalorimeterParametersat040° flt3

9...9Ø0Arjx&p X

Numberof fT cellsw=

- AverageWidth 9

cm

AveragLength U

cmCap.pF

-

NoiseMeY @ns

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1.17 3

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IIADR 1BACK

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1.56 4 26 16 1200 104 lOOns

FIADR2 0.0785it0.0785

155 5.

29.5 19.5 - 2050 80200ns

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GEM FCa1Q4SECTION

Brass, quartz, argon: Only materials

Length 40 cm - -- Gap - -id0 200 jim- -:

Impedance -- 2- 4 -Capacitance - - 800 400. pP - - - -

Sampling.fraction 0.6 - 1.2 % - I -Electronjés Noise - 1,6 0.4 - GeVin 2RM

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Fractional contributions to EM 5x5 resolution at i=O, L=1 o33

GeV

Table 5.6 CalibrationCoalsandMeans

CalibrationMeans Purpose TypeofInformationQuantity Defined

Time ofCalibration

Currentinjectioninto front endat theelectrodes

Readoutchain - gaincalibrationandmonitoring

Absolutechargecalibration;relativechannel-to-channel

gain, time andamplituderesponse

All testsandperiodicallyduringexperimentruns

e’s andn’sBeamtestat FNAL

Mappingofcalorimeterresponseof EM and hadronicmodules

Responseprofile

relativefor a setofmodulesincludingboundariesin p forhadronicmodules

Prototypetesting in

1995

c’s andu’sBeamtestat SSCL

Mappingofcalorimeterresponse,mainly vs.o over thebarrelendcapboundary

Responseprofilerelativefor theboundariesin B

SSCLtestbeamoperationin 1997

massand

particleswithmeasured

momentumin

tracker.

Establishing

absoluteenergyreferencepoints for

the barrelandendcaps

Chargevs. energy

scale

Experimentstartand

during experimentalruns.

a-cellsin the Liquid purity Ionizationyield, Continuouslyduring

cryostats monitoring absolutechargevs. the experiment

electric field for a’s

CALIBRATION PRECISIOND.C. CALIBRATION CURRENT4.5pA/GeV

ical.

Clock Line

I tp ‘

cai = 1cartp1_ç

AQ

Zai

- 1 tp2

1 for y4ons IC.600flS

switchparametersVT andnoisedo not influencecalibration

Select

VGOI+1ovJ

4,

I

1

RC

0.2

0

H

81ca1nsj J

=

Cal

1 BR3OR’

BC

Calibration Uniformity vs IcalPJ32 FET, 25 nsec

Channel Number* lcal=lOOuA lcal=lOuA

25 GeV40 GeV

2.5 GeV4GeV

a0Caa

I

0.4

0.

0.

0.

-0.1

-0.

-0.

-0.41 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

LKrLAr

Calibration LinearityP Channel FET 25 nsec

0.1-

*_, 0.08-

0.06-a.

0.04-

___

a 0.02-Ca-C 0C,

-0.02-0: -0.04-Ca

GeVj>-0.06-008fiiT 125

0 100 200 300 400 500lcal uA

Simulated Calorimeter Pulses in LArfor different attachment coefficients

o ioo 200 300 400 500 600 700

t ns800

Current

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

ShapedSignal

1.00.90.80.70.60.50.40.30.20.10.0

0.2

0.0

-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8

-1.0

t ns

S

11w M. 121?58 T 1993; QiI74J

effect of charge attachment

80

GOS*0a,I-I

4o

20

o

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Charged Particle

AccordionStructure

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rrr rr r x r r r r r r r r rr r z rLi o c p o a o a a a a a a a a a a a a a- OLD r CU 00W tRio OW CU f_OW r CU CO

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>‘"- _i-r

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ENERGY RESOLUTION c/yr %]

LEAD THICKNESS VARTATIONS IN ABSORBERBarrel

IL

0 2

Tolerance

0

25

50

100

energy 9ev]

25

5.60.2

5.6±0.23

40

5.6±0.2

5.4±0.19

5.5±0.15

6 .2t0.19

80

5.6±0.17

5 * 6±042

160

59±0.18

5.2±0.15

240

5. 7t0.17

* 120

544t0.15

320

5. 7±0. 16

5.5±0.36

Temperature and Presssure Effects on theDensity of Liquid Ar and Kr

Ar89° 123° Kr

Ap/j/°K - 0.458%/deg - 0.324%/deg -

ATforO.1%Ap

*0.22°K 0.32°K

p 1.38 2.39

‘bar10.03%/bar 0.02%/bar

- -

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*ji 1’ I I I I 1I- I I 1 11

- III I I I I 11 I

J’L

0

LIQUID CALORIMETER R&D

1. Previousexperimentswith participationbyGEMcollaborationmembers:

* Hellos: Fast Calorimeter, t, 100nsec

Cold Preamps

AnalogTrigger5iimi

Hybrid Calorimeten

Longitudinnl segmentationin LAr followedby a scint. cal. Multilayer electrodesforIIV decoupling,with film resistors.

* DO: Constructionof a LargeHermetic Liquid Calorimeter.Stable,long term operation.

* SLD: LargeHermeticLiquid CalorimeterCold Feedthroughs,Tiles in HadronicModules

- A Large, - Successful Calorimete Hadron ResponseWeightingSchemeDevelopedandTested.

2. R&D:

1990 RD3: Developmentand demonstrationof the EM accordionconcept.

1991 RD3: Accordion operatedwith a 20 nsec.

1992 RD3: Largescaleprojectiveaccordionmodule:

0.62%at 287 GeV. Hadronmoduleswith EST.

Goodagreementwith simulations.

GEM/BNL Liquid Krypton/Argon Test

6.7%/VE; good agreementwith simulations.

= 5GeV.nsec/E

S

3. R&D Plan:

1993: * Forward EM Testsat BNL AGS andCERN SPS

* RD3: ContinueParticipationin EndcapStudies

1994: * Test of GEM endcapconceptand strips within RD3 atCERN

1995: * Major testat Fermilab:

2 full EM modules

7 barrel hadronmodules

endcaphadronmodules

1997: * SSC BeamTestProgram

CONCURRENTLYWITH

* Testsof ali materialsfor radiation stability andliquid poisoning.

* Developmentof purification andcertification methodsforLiquid Krypton.

* Developmentof feedthroughsandcables. Testingandcertification.

* Laminations of hadrontiles. -

* EM electrodesproduction.

* Continuationof electronicsR&D.

W.B.S. 41 DESCRIPTION LABOR5k

MATERIAL5k

SUBTOTAL5k

CONTING.Sic

TOTALSic

20.01 R&D 2,092 4,634 6,726 1,883 %0920.02 Inner Barrel 5,890 13,586 19,476 5,412 24,88E20.03 Scintll. Barrel 5,159 8,731 13,890 4,128 18,01E20.04 Endcap 11,961 15,447 V,408 7,642 35,05020.05 Forward Hadronic 1,266 7,310 8,576 2,466 11,04220.06 Passive Absorber 1,331 779 2,110 752 2,86220.07 Vacuum 583 76 659 224 88320.08 Cryogenics 499 11,954 12,453 2,565 15,01820.09 Controls 52 215 267 73 34020.10 Final-Assy 511 509 1,020 429 1,44920.11 HaIl Installation 2,092 1,532 3,624 1,383 5,00720.12 Test Beam - 701 3,618 4,319 1,143 - 5,46220.13 Subsys Mgmt 3,975 62 4,03J 565 4,60220.14 ConceptJPrellm

Total1,864

37,976117

68,5701,981

106,546335

28,8702,186

135,416

GEM CalorimeterTotal Cost Summary

-

* -- -----.‘ -

- - -

-----

:-

r-.. -- :--- ----

- GEM Calorimeter - Total CoSts - : - - - - - -

- Total Estimated Cost $135-

8% -- Million FY93 Dollars

ContingenCy $29M

- * ProcuremenuFubrI$ian $63M

EDIA SliM 21% -

% of Subtotal Procixsm.nt and Labor -

Assembly $20M

c-rn