http://marshall.csu.edu.au/Marshalls/html/Flags_and_Seals/Flag-Japan.JPG

KyushuKyushu

ShikokuShikoku

HonshuHonshu

HokkaidoHokkaido

Sea of JapanSea of Japan

East China SeaEast China Sea

Korea StraitKorea Strait

Sea of OkhotskSea of Okhotsk

Tsuguru StraitTsuguru Strait

Inland SeaInland Sea

Mt. FujiMt. Fuji

Japan is an Japan is an archipelago, or chain of islands , or chain of islands

in the Pacific Oceanin the Pacific Ocean that is shaped like a that is shaped like a

dragon. 4/5 of dragon. 4/5 of Japan is Japan is mountainous so mountainous so most people settled most people settled inin arable arable or or farmable river farmable river valleys and along valleys and along coastal plains. coastal plains.

Ring of FireRing of Fire

Japan is in the Japan is in the Ring of Fire or Pacific Rim of Fire, Ring of Fire or Pacific Rim of Fire, a a region with many earthquakes and volcanoes.region with many earthquakes and volcanoes.

Mt. FujiMt. Fuji

AA Tsunami Tsunami is a huge tidal waveis a huge tidal wave..A A TyphoonTyphoon are hurricanes in the Pacific Ocean.are hurricanes in the Pacific Ocean.Japan is also called the “Land of the Rising Sun.”Japan is also called the “Land of the Rising Sun.”

Geography of

Japan

Mountains

Islands

Close to Chinaand

Korea

Farming is harder

Less unity

Shintoism- religion based

on nature spirits

Sea provides food, transportation,

isolation, protection

Cultural diffusion

FeudalismFeudalismFeudalismFeudalismA political, economic, and social system that exchanges land for loyalty and military service.

A political, economic, and social system that exchanges land for loyalty and military service.

Japanese FeudalismJapanese FeudalismJapan had an emperor, Japan had an emperor,

but rival clans but rival clans battled for land.battled for land.

Warlords formed Warlords formed groups loyal to groups loyal to them, not the them, not the

emperor.emperor.

AA shogunshogun is is supreme military supreme military commander.commander.

AA daimyo daimyo isis a a powerful powerful landowner.landowner.

The shogun gave The shogun gave land to daimyo in land to daimyo in exchange for exchange for protection. protection.

Daimyos gave land Daimyos gave land to lesser warriors to lesser warriors called called samuraisamurai, or , or warriors whose warriors whose name means name means “those who serve.”“those who serve.”

Samurai followed Samurai followed a code of a code of honor, bravery, honor, bravery, and loyalty and loyalty known as known as bushidobushido, or , or “way of the “way of the warrior.”warrior.”

A samurai who A samurai who betrayed the betrayed the code of bushido code of bushido was expected to was expected to commit commit seppukuseppuku, or , or ritual suicide, ritual suicide, rather than live rather than live without honor.without honor.

The samurai The samurai would impale would impale himself on his himself on his sword.sword.

Unlike the solid Unlike the solid steel plates used steel plates used by European by European knights, knights, Japanese armor Japanese armor consisted of thin consisted of thin strips of steel strips of steel held together by held together by brightly colored brightly colored silk cords.silk cords.

The true samurai was supposed to have no The true samurai was supposed to have no fear of death.fear of death.

““If you think of saving your life,” it was said, If you think of saving your life,” it was said, “you had better not go to war at all.”“you had better not go to war at all.”

Samurai prepared for hardship by going Samurai prepared for hardship by going hungry or walking barefoot in the snow.hungry or walking barefoot in the snow.

It was said, “When a samurai’s stomach is It was said, “When a samurai’s stomach is empty, it is a disgrace to feel hungry.”empty, it is a disgrace to feel hungry.”

Below the samurai Below the samurai were the were the peasants (75-peasants (75-90% of Japan), 90% of Japan), artisans, and artisans, and merchants.merchants.

Peasants formed the Peasants formed the backbone of backbone of feudal society.feudal society.

What does that mean?What does that mean?

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Peasant families Peasant families cultivated rice cultivated rice and other crops and other crops on estates of on estates of samurai.samurai.

Some peasants Some peasants served as served as soldiers; rarely, soldiers; rarely, some even some even became samurai.became samurai.

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C

A

S

T

L

E

S

C

A

S

T

L

E

S

NoblewomenNoblewomenSome noblewomen Some noblewomen

trained in the military trained in the military and became warriors.and became warriors.

There was no chivalry; There was no chivalry; warriors’ wives warriors’ wives endured hardships endured hardships and also owed loyalty and also owed loyalty to the lords.to the lords.

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China’s influence on JapanChina’s influence on Japan

WritingWriting

Japan Japan adapted the adapted the

Chinese Chinese writing writing

system to system to their their

language.language.

BuddhismBuddhismSpread and Spread and flourishedflourished

Zen Buddhism Zen Buddhism

Values peace, Values peace, simple living, nature simple living, nature

and beauty.and beauty.

ConfucianismConfucianism proper behavior, proper behavior,

loyalty,loyalty,honoring honoring

parents (filial parents (filial piety) and piety) and respect for respect for

learninglearning

“Harmony should be valued and quarrels (argument) should be avoided. Everyone has his bias (prejudice) and few men are far-sighted. Therefore some disobey their lords and fathers and keep up feuds (arguments) with their neighbors. But when superiors are in harmony with each other an

inferiors are friendly, then affairs are discussed quietly and the right view of

matters prevails (do well).”~Prince Shotoku

What philosophy does Prince Shotoku seem to be influenced by? Why?

• The Japanese practicedThe Japanese practiced Selective borrowing, Selective borrowing, keeping some Chinese ideas and rejected others.keeping some Chinese ideas and rejected others.

ShintoShintoShintoShinto

PolytheismPolytheism

AncestorWorshipAncestorWorship

Natural features

Trees, rocks, and mountains

Natural features

Trees, rocks, and mountains

The Worldof the kami

The Worldof the kamiMinimizesin &guilt

Minimizesin &guilt

Great

CreatorGreat

Creator

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Failure to Conquer JapanFailure to Conquer JapanA.A. In 1274 and again in In 1274 and again in

1281, Kublai Khan 1281, Kublai Khan sent huge fleets to sent huge fleets to invade Japan.invade Japan.

B.B. Both times, the Both times, the Japanese turned them Japanese turned them back.back.

C.C. A typhoon (A typhoon (kamikaze)kamikaze) even destroyed one even destroyed one Mongol fleet.Mongol fleet.

Don’t write!Don’t write!

Japanese Culture: Japanese Culture: Past and PresentPast and Present

Title: The Great Wave Off Kanagawa

Artist: Katsushika Hokusai

Date: Edo period, c. 1828

Museum/ Source: Honolulu Academy of Arts, Hawaii

Medium: Polychrome woodblock print on paper

Size: 9 7/8" X 14 5/8" (25 X 37.1 cm)

Japanese ArtJapanese Art

Japanese artists recreated historical events on scrolls.Japanese artists recreated historical events on scrolls.

Colorful woodblock Colorful woodblock prints became prints became popular.popular.

Torii Gate, Miyajima Torii Gate, Miyajima IslandIsland

Torii Gate, Miyajima Torii Gate, Miyajima IslandIsland

Torii Gate in WinterTorii Gate in WinterTorii Gate in WinterTorii Gate in Winter

Torii GateTorii GateTorii GateTorii Gate

Japanese TheaterJapanese TheaterA.A. KabukiKabuki plays plays

often portrayed often portrayed family or family or historical events.historical events.

B.B. Dressed in Dressed in colorful colorful costumes, actors costumes, actors used used exaggerated exaggerated movements to movements to convey action.convey action.

Kabuki TheaterKabuki TheaterKabuki TheaterKabuki Theater

An interior of a Kabuki theater.An interior of a Kabuki theater.

Literature Literature Japanese poets Japanese poets

adapted adapted Chinese Chinese models, models, creating creating miniature miniature poems called poems called haikuhaiku..

In only 3 lines In only 3 lines and 17 and 17 syllables, a syllables, a feeling is feeling is expressed.expressed.

Haiku Haiku : 17-syllable : 17-syllable poempoem

Haiku Haiku : 17-syllable : 17-syllable poempoem

Matsuo BashoMatsuo Basho, Master of , Master of HaikuHaiku

Spring departs.Spring departs.Birds cryBirds cryFishes' eyes are Fishes' eyes are filled with tears.filled with tears.

Zen BuddhismZen Buddhism

A.A. During Japan’s During Japan’s feudal age, Zen feudal age, Zen Buddhism Buddhism emphasized emphasized meditation and meditation and duty.duty.

B.B. Zen stressed Zen stressed compassion for compassion for all yet samurai all yet samurai fought to kill.fought to kill.

At Zen monasteries, upper-class men learned to At Zen monasteries, upper-class men learned to express devotion to nature in such activities as express devotion to nature in such activities as landscape gardening.landscape gardening.

Zen monks were the leading scholars and Zen monks were the leading scholars and artisans of feudal Japan. The temple served as a artisans of feudal Japan. The temple served as a Zen monastery and a peaceful retreat for visiting Zen monastery and a peaceful retreat for visiting shoguns seeking advice.shoguns seeking advice.

Chanoyu Chanoyu : Tea : Tea CeremonyCeremony

Chanoyu Chanoyu : Tea : Tea CeremonyCeremony

A Japanese Tea A Japanese Tea MasterMaster

A Japanese Tea A Japanese Tea MasterMaster

A Japanese Tea A Japanese Tea HouseHouse

A Japanese Tea A Japanese Tea HouseHouse

Origami Origami : The Art : The Art of Japanese Paper of Japanese Paper

FoldingFolding

Origami Origami : The Art : The Art of Japanese Paper of Japanese Paper

FoldingFolding

Origami Origami : Modern : Modern AdaptationsAdaptations

Origami Origami : Modern : Modern AdaptationsAdaptations

CalligraphyCalligraphy CalligraphyCalligraphy

The elaborate rituals of the tea ceremony The elaborate rituals of the tea ceremony reflected Zen values of peace, simplicity, and reflected Zen values of peace, simplicity, and love of beauty.love of beauty.

Bonzai Bonzai : A Unique : A Unique Method of MeditationMethod of Meditation

Bonzai Bonzai : A Unique : A Unique Method of MeditationMethod of Meditation

Japanese Garden for Japanese Garden for MeditationMeditation

Japanese Garden for Japanese Garden for MeditationMeditation

Japanese Zen GardenJapanese Zen GardenJapanese Zen GardenJapanese Zen Garden

Japanese Sand Japanese Sand GardenGarden

Japanese Sand Japanese Sand GardenGarden

Miniature Rock/Sand Miniature Rock/Sand GardenGarden

Miniature Rock/Sand Miniature Rock/Sand GardenGarden

DOMO ARIGATO!DOMO ARIGATO!

Japanese FeudalismJapanese Feudalism European FeudalismEuropean Feudalism

EmperorEmperor - - Highest position but no political power

ShogunShogun - - Actual ruler

DaimyoDaimyo - -Powerful landowners

SamuraiSamurai- gave protection for land

Code of BushidoCode of Bushido-- behavior code

SeppukuSeppuku- ritual suicide, rather than live without honor

Peasants and artisansPeasants and artisans-- provided food and weapons

MerchantsMerchants- gained status slowly

KingKing

Lords and noblesLords and nobles

KnightsKnights

Code of ChivalryCode of Chivalry

PopePope

SerfsSerfs

MerchantsMerchants- High Middle AgesLaterLater

Let’s compare European Feudalism to Let’s compare European Feudalism to Japanese Feudalism!Japanese Feudalism!

Similarities between a samurai and Similarities between a samurai and a knight are…a knight are…

Differences between them are…Differences between them are…