American History - Chapter 27Pages 842-863

The Cold War and the

American DreamUnit Packet & Study Guide

Name:

Period:

Social Studies Teacher:

Learning Goal and ScaleEssential Question

Learning Goal: Students understand how the Cold War and domestic changes in the postwar years affected the nation.

Focus on: Postwar economy Fear of communism Korean War International competition Life at home

4Students understand how the Cold War and domestic changes in the postwar years affected the nation in all five specified areas listed in the Learning Goal, and can teach others by writing an essay detailing the relationship between the Soviet Union and the United States during the Cold War, and comparing it to the relationship between Russia and the United States today.

3Students understand how the Cold War and domestic changes in the postwar years affected the nation in four of the five specified areas listed in the Learning Goal.

2Students understand how the Cold War and domestic changes in the postwar years affected the nation in three of the five specified areas listed in the Learning Goal.

1Students understand how the Cold War and domestic changes in the postwar years affected the nation in two of the five specified areas listed in the Learning Goal.

0Students do not understand how the Cold War and domestic changes in the postwar years affected the nation in any of the five specified areas listed in the Learning Goal.

Unit Essential Question: How did the Cold War and domestic changes in the postwar years affect the nation?

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Vocabulary List

Write the definition for each of the following. You may use a separate sheet of paper, but it must be stapled to the back of this packet.

Section 1 – pgs. 844-849

1. Harry S. Truman

2. Fair Deal

3. Cold War

4. Truman Doctrine

5. NATO

6. Containment

Section 2 – pgs. 850-855

7. Joseph McCarthy

8. 38th parallel

9. Korean War

10.Arms race

11.H-bomb

12.Space race

13.Brinkmanship

Section 3 – pgs. 858-863

14.Rock ‘n’ roll

15.Baby boom

16.Suburbs

17.Sunbelt

18.Conform

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Section 1 – pages 844-849 Map ActivityPeacetime Adjustments and the Cold War

The Cold War and the American DreamA. Use the map in the Chapter Opener (page 843) and the map “The Division of

Berlin 1945” in section 1 (page 847) to locate the following countries, city, and bodies of water. Then label them on the outline map on the next page.

Countries CityPortugal Bulgaria Switzerland Berlin

Great Britain Sweden Spain Bodies of WaterNorway Belgium France Black SeaIreland Italy Romania North Sea

Denmark Yugoslavia Turkey Adriatic SeaLuxembourg Soviet Union Finland Mediterranean Sea

East Germany Netherlands Poland Atlantic OceanWest Germany Austria Czechoslovakia Baltic Sea

Greece Hungary

B. After labeling your map, use it to answer the following questions.1. What countries border the Soviet Union to the west?

_________________________________________________________________________________

2. Which European countries lie completely south of 45˚N latitude?

_________________________________________________________________________________

3. The western border between the Soviet Union and Poland lies along approximately what line of longitude?

_________________________________________________________________________________

4. What body of water separates Norway and Sweden from the Soviet Union?

_________________________________________________________________________________

5. What country was split into two parts after World War II? Why?

_________________________________________________________________________________

6. What countries border East Germany to the south and east?

_________________________________________________________________________________

7. In which part of Germany was Berlin located?

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Section 1 – pages 844-849 Map ActivityPeacetime Adjustments and the Cold War

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Section 1 – pages 844-849 Guided NotesPeacetime Adjustments and the Cold War

Peacetime Economics and Politics Peacetime Adjustments

o After the war, defense industries reduced their workforce and began to lay off workers. In addition,

o Women began to return to more traditional jobs such as and

The Postwar Economyo The postwar economy o Increased demand for goods led to

Labor, Unrest, and Reaction

o More than 4 million union workers

o In response, Harry S. Truman

o The strike ended before Truman could carry out his threat Reelection and Fair Deal

o During his reelection campaign, Truman blamed the

Worked – he won reelectiono Truman introduced the

Extension of FDR’s

Called for

Congress fought against him, few measures passed

America Fights a Cold War Origins of the Cold War

o Most important issue:

o When WWII ended, Stalin installed

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Section 1 – pages 844-849 Guided NotesPeacetime Adjustments and the Cold War

o Tensions grew between

Each side suspected the other of

o Result- Cold War:

The Berlin Airlifto Germany was divided into four zones after WWIIo The Western countries

o Stalin feared

The capital of Germany, , was blockaded by the Soviet Union

Western countries

When the blockade finally ended,

The Politics of Containmento Truman had a policy of

The Marshall Plan

o Alarm over communist control led to the creation of NATO Included

In response, the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries created

The Cold War at Home

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Section 1 – pages 844-849 Guided NotesPeacetime Adjustments and the Cold War

Americans on Trialo Alger Hiss was accused of

He was jailed for

o Ethel and Julius Rosenberg were convicted of

They were both

Uncovering “Un-American Activities”o Truman ordered government workers to undergo

o The House Un-American Activities Committee

Many were

Additional Notes:

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Section 2 – pages 851-855 Reading NotesThe Korean War and McCarthyism

Directions: Use section two of chapter 27 to answer the following questions. Questions must be answered in complete sentences. If you use a separate sheet of paper, that paper must be stapled to the back of this packet.

The Cold War Heats up in Korea1. How was Korea divided up after WWII? Which side was communist? Which was

democratic?

2. What event in June 1950 started what is known as the Korean War?

3. What prompted China to enter the war?

4. Why did President Truman refuse to blockade China? What happened to MacArthur?

5. Explain the outcome of the Korean War.

McCarthy and Communism6. Why does the term McCarthyism refer to reckless charges against innocent citizens?

7. How did Senator McCarthy lose his political power?

The Cold War Around the World8. How was Eisenhower’s foreign policy different than Truman’s when it came to

communism?

9. What was the arms race? How did it lead to the United States and the Soviet Union both stockpiling weapons?

10. How did the Soviet Union push the United States to research outer space?

11. How did the U-2 incident end peace talks between the Soviet Union and the United States?

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Section 2 DBQ AssignmentMcCarthy vs. Murrow

Speech at Wheeling, West VirginiaSetting the Stage: In February 1950, Joseph McCarthy made headlines across the country when he claimed that Communists were shaping policy in the U.S. government.

“Today we are engaged in a final, all-out battle between communistic atheism 1 and Christianity. The modern champions of communism have selected this time as the time, and ladies and gentlemen of the chips are down – they are truly down. . . In my opinion the State Department, which is one of the most important government departments, is thoroughly infested with communists. . . I have in my hand 57 cases 2 of individuals who would appear to be either card carrying members or certainly loyal to the Communist Party, but who nevertheless are still helping to shape our foreign policy. . . One of the important reasons for the graft, the correction, the dishonesty, the disloyalty, the treason in high government positions – one of the most important reasons why this continues – is a lack of moral uprising on the part of the 140 million American people. In the light of history, however, it is not hard to explain. It is the result of an emotional hangover and a temporary moral lapse which follows every war. . . However, the morals of our people have not been destroyed. They still exist. This cloak of numbness and apathy has only needed a spark to rekindle them. Happily, this spark has finally been supplied. As you know, very recently the Secretary of State proclaimed his loyalty to a man guilty of what has always been considered the most abominable of all crimes – of being a traitor to the people who gave him a position of great trust. The Secretary of State, in attempting to justify his continued devotion to the man who sold out the Christian world to the atheistic world, referred to Christ’s Sermon on the Mount 3 as a justification and reason therefore. . . When this pompous diplomat in striped pants, with a phony British accent, proclaimed to the people that Christ on the Mount endorsed communism, high treason, and betrayal of a sacred trust, the blasphemy was so great that it awakened the dormant indignation 4of the American people. He has lighted the spark which is resulting in a moral uprising and will end only when the whole sorry mess of twisted warped thinkers are swept from the national scene so that we may have a new birth of national honesty and decency in government.”

1 Atheism: rejection of a belief in god or gods2 57 Cases: According to news reports of this speech, McCarthy claimed to have a list of 205 Communists or Communist loyalists in government. In the text of the speech that was released to the Congressional Record two weeks later, that number reduced to 57. McCarthy’s list was never shown or proven to exist. Why do you think the number changed?3 Sermon on the Mount: McCarthy refers to Secretary of State Dean Acheson’s public statement that he would not “turn [his] back on Alger Hiss” after Hiss was charged with providing information to the Soviets and found guilty of lying under oath. According to McCarthy, how has Acheson affected the American people?4 Indignation: anger

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Section 2 DBQ AssignmentMcCarthy vs. Murrow

See it NowSetting the Stage: In March 1954, newscaster Edward Murrow devoted the entire half hour of his See it Now program to an attack on Senator McCarthy.

“It is necessary to investigate before legislating, but the line between investigating and persecuting is a very fine one and the junior Senator from Wisconsin has stepped over it repeatedly. His primary achievement has been in confusing the public5 mind, as between internal and the external threats of Communism. We must not confuse dissent 6 with disloyalty. We must remember always that accusation is not proof and that conviction depends upon evidence and due process of law. We will not walk in fear, one of another. We will not be driven by fear into an age of unreason, if we dig deep in our history and our doctrine, and remember that we are not descended from fearful men – not from men who feared to write, to speak, to associate and to defend the causes that were, for the moment, unpopular. . .

As a nation we have come into our full inheritance at a tender age. We proclaim ourselves, as indeed we are, the defenders of freedom, wherever it continues to exist in the world, but we cannot defend freedom abroad by deserting it at home.

The actions of the junior Senator from Wisconsin have caused alarm and dismay amongst our allies abroad, and given considerable comfort to our enemies. And whose fault is that? Not really his. He didn’t create this situation of fear; he merely exploited it – and rather successfully.”

Document-Based Questions:1. How does McCarthy explain the “corruption” and “dishonesty” in

government?

2. Whom does Murrow blame for the results of McCarthy’s actions?

3. Explain the different points of view about how Americans should react to the threats of communism.

5 Confusing the public: McCarthy made charges against respected military officials and politicians, famous writers and artists, and average Americans such as an Army dentist and a cleaning woman at the Pentagon. Why was it hard for people to defend themselves against McCarthy’s accusations?6 Dissent: different of opinion

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Section 3 – pages 859-863 Reading NotesAmerican Life in the FiftiesDirections: As you read, use the diagram below to record important changes that took place in the 1950s. Keep in mind, you need to be able to explain and describe each change thoroughly on your test.

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1950s American Life

Suburban growth: caused in part by the baby boom and the booming economy. Led to increased car sales and movement of the population to the sunbelt.

Section 3 – pages 859-863 Accompanying WorksheetsAmerican Life in the Fifties

A. Completion: Write the key term or name that best completes each sentence.

1) Alarm over Communist control of Eastern Europe led to the formation of in 1949

2) The huge population growth in the 1950s was mostly an effect of the .

3) Although U.S. and Soviet forces never actually met on the battlefield, the caused tensions between the nations for decades.

4) Korea is divided into two countries at the . 5) Bill Haley, Chuck Berry, and Little Richard played ,

a type of music that became popular in the 1950s.

B. Riddles: Write the term or name best described in each riddle.

1) I declared that I had a list of 205 State Department officials who belonged to the Communist Party. Who am I?

2) It was a competition between the United States and the Soviet Union, in which both sides built up stockpiles of nuclear weapons. What is it?

3) During the 1950s, families left crowded cities for a different lifestyle in these communities. What are they?

4) I proposed the Fair Deal to help people get jobs and housing. Who am I?

5) It promised aid to countries fighting to maintain democracies. What is it?

C. Summarizing: Read the passage about Ethel and Julius Rosenberg, two spies who gave the Soviet Union vital American atomic secrets during the Cold War. Then, write a one-paragraph summary on a separate sheet of paper which will be attached to the back of this packet when complete.

Perhaps no criminal case in American history has aroused greater controversy than that of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg, the only Americans executed for espionage during peacetime. Though many still proclaim the Rosenbergs’ innocence, recent evidence leaves little doubt that Julius, at least, was indeed the center of a

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Section 3 – pages 859-863 Accompanying WorksheetsAmerican Life in the Fifties

spy ring that smuggled information out of the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos, New Mexico, to the Soviet Union.

The Source of the information was a technician at Los Alamos named David Greenglass – Ethel’s brother. Like his sister and her husband, Greenglass was a devoted Communist; working for ideological reason, he smuggled drawing and other bits of information to Santa Fe and on to New York through a courier named Harry Gold; there Julius (and perhaps Ethel) directed the material to a Soviet controller. The operation began in the early 1940s and continued for several years. The defection of a clerk from the Soviet embassy in Canada, however, led the FBI to Gold, Greenglass, and the Rosenbergs.

The federal agents, however, were even more concerned about an industrial espionage ring the Julius was still working with; the FBI tried to use the charges in the atomic-secrets case – especially the charges against Ethel, who might indeed have been largely innocent – to get him to talk. Julius refused to give up his fellow agents. At the Rosenbergs’ trial, Greenglass testified against his sister and brother-in-law, earning them both convictions. In a sentencing procedure that involved several irregularities, . . . the Rosenbergs were both condemned to death. Despite a flurry of appeals by left-wing sympathizers convinced of the Rosenbergs’ innocence, the couple were sent to the electric chair in New York on June 19, 1953.

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Section 3 – pages 859-863 Accompanying WorksheetsAmerican Life in the Fifties

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Chapter 27: Study Guide

Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.

Section 1

1. How did the U.S. economy and political climate change after WWII?

2. Why were the tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States called

a “Cold War”?

3. How did the fear of communism affect people in the United States?

Section 2

4. What events led up to the Korean War and what was the outcome?

5. How did Senator McCarthy gain and lose political power?

6. How did the United States and the Soviet Union compete with each other?

Section 3

7. How did American life change during the 1950s?

8. What groups were left out of the prosperity of the 1950s? Why?

9. What cultural aspects influenced Americans in the 1950s?

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