Kvi-cart Low-q measurements to look at bulk properties FUSTIPEN Topical Meeting on « New Directions...
-
Upload
dustin-hancock -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
0
Transcript of Kvi-cart Low-q measurements to look at bulk properties FUSTIPEN Topical Meeting on « New Directions...
kvi-cart
Low-q measurements to look at bulk properties
FUSTIPEN Topical Meeting on
« New Directions for Nuclear Structure and Reaction Theories »
Caen, France
March 18, 2015
Nasser Kalantar-Nayestanaki, KVI-CART, University of Groningen
kvi-cart
Bulk Properties
kvi-cart
Example:The Collective Response of the Nucleus: Giant Resonances
IsovectorIsoscalar
Monopole (GMR)
Dipole(GDR)
Quadrupole (GQR) B
erm
an a
nd
Fu
lz, R
ev. M
od
. Ph
ys. 4
7 (1
975)
47
208Pb
120Sn
65Cu
Photo-neutron cross sections
Electric giant resonances
kvi-cart
Collective oscillations of all neutrons and all protons in a nucleus in phase (isoscalar) or out of phase (isovector)
Breathing Mode Squeezing Mode No Density VariationShape ChangeM. Itoh
ISGMRISGMR ISGDRISGDR ISGQRISGQR
Giant Resonance
kvi-cart
M. Itoh
kvi-cart
Nucleus Many-body system with a finite size
Vibrations Multipole expansion with r, Ylm , t, s
S=0, T=0 S=0, T=1S=0, T=1 S=1, T=1 S=1, T=1
L=0: Monopole
L=1: Dipole
L=2: Quadrupole
L=3: Octupole
ISGMR IVGMRIAS GTR IVSGMR
LEOR, HEOR
r2Y0 tY0
ISGQR
ISGDR IVGDR IVSGDR
t r2Y0 t Y0 t r2Y0
r3Y1 t rY1 t rY1
r2Y2
IVGQR
t r2Y2 t r2Y2
r3Y3
IVSGQR
kvi-cart
Incompressibility or bulk modulus (K) is a measure of substance’s resistance to uniform compression and can be defined as
kvi-cart
Investigation of Nuclear Matter Distributions along Isotopic Chains:
halo, skin structure
probe in-medium interactions at extreme isospin (almost pure neutron
matter)
in combination with electron scattering (ELISe project @ FAIR):
separate neutron/proton content of nuclear matter (deduce neutron skins)
method: elastic proton scattering at low q: high sensitivity to nuclear periphery
Why low momentum transfers hadronic scattering?
Investigation of Giant Monopole Resonance in Doubly Magic Nuclei:
gives access to nuclear compressibility key parameters of the EOS
new collective modes (breathing mode of neutron skin)
method: inelastic scattering at low q
Investigation of Gamow-Teller Transitions: weak interaction rates for N = Z waiting point nuclei in the rp-process
electron capture rates in the pre-supernova evolution (core collapse)
method: (3He,t), (d,2He) charge exchange reactions at low q
kvi-cart
27
Kinematics for collision of protons with exotic nuclei (with fixed heavy/light target)
kvi-cart
Kinematics for inverse reaction for 56Ni
kvi-cart
Advantages and disadvantages of storage-ring experiments
Advantages:Large intensities in the ringLittle energy loss in the targetNo target window (no background)High resolution of the beam (cooling)Forward focusing for high-energy particlesLow energy threshold
Disadvantages:Ultra high vacuumVery small recoil energies for low qThin targets
kvi-cart
Advantages and disadvantages of active targets
Advantages:Large target thickness (without “limits”)Good angular coverageNo target window (no background)Forward focusing for high-energy particlesLow energy threshold
Disadvantages:Very small recoil energies for low qLow beam intensities
kvi-cart
R3B (external tar.) vs. EXL (ring exp.)External target (thick)
Low beam current
High-energy particles
Large momentum transfer
Target contamination
Quasi-elastic scattering
Internal target (thin)
High beam current
Low-energy particles
Small momentum transfer
No target window
Giant resonances
kvi-cart
CR
Super FRS
NESR
ESR
kvi-cart
The EXL Experiment @ FAIR
Details of the EXL setup
Design goals: Universality: applicable to a wide class of reactions Good energy and angular resolution Large solid angle acceptance Specially dedicated for low q measurements with high luminosity (> 1028 cm-2 s-1)
Detection systems for: Target recoils and gammas (p,α,n,γ) Forward ejectiles (p,n) Beam-like heavy ions
kvi-cart
First experiments with the existing ring at GSI (ESR)
Exotic nuclei studied in storage rings
kvi-cart
CR
Super FRS
NESR
ESR
Exotic nuclei studied in storage rings
kvi-cart
Setup @ ESR ring
Exotic nuclei studied in storage rings
kvi-cart
The new ESR Scattering chamber
beam
target
2nd DSSD
1st DSSD& Si(Li)s
aperture
Si(Li)
DSSD
● DSSD: 128×64 strips, (6×6) cm², 285 µm thick
● Si(Li): 8 pads, (8×4) cm², 6.5 mm thick
● active vacuum barrier● moveable aperture to
improve angular resolution
Exotic nuclei studied in storage rings
kvi-cart
Exotic nuclei studied in storage rings
kvi-cart
Beam current
kvi-cart
Target density
kvi-cart
Reaction: 56Ni(p,p’)56Ni* or 56Ni(α,α’)56Ni*
53Ni 45 ms
54Ni104 ms
55Ni205 ms
56Ni 6.08 d
57Ni 35.6 h
52Co115 ms
51Fe305 ms
53Co242 ms
52Fe8.28 h
53Fe8.51 m
54Co193 ms
55Co17.53 h
56Co 77 d
54Fe stable
58Ni stable
The choice of the Nucleus
kvi-cart
Kinematics for inverse reaction for 56Ni
Exotic nuclei studied in storage rings
kvi-cart
First results with radioactive beam
Exotic nuclei studied in storage rings
October 25, 2012:
First Nuclear Reaction Experiment with Stored Radioactive Beam!!!!
Beam energy 400 MeV/u
56Ni (p,p)
kvi-cart
Exotic nuclei studied in storage rings
Preliminary
DSSD
1st Si(Li)
2nd Si(Li)
beamtarget
56Ni(p,p), E = 400 MeV/u
First results with radioactive beam
kvi-cartExotic nuclei studied in storage rings
First results with radioactive beam
Preliminary
56Ni(p,p`), E = 400 MeV/u Identification of Inelastic Scattering
56Ni (p,p)
56Ni (p,p`)1. excited state at 2.7 MeV
kvi-cart
Exotic nuclei studied in storage rings
First results with radioactive beam
Preliminary
M. v. Schmid 56Ni(p,p), E = 400 MeV/u Angular Distribution
kvi-cart
Exotic nuclei studied in storage rings
First results with radioactive beam
Preliminary
56Ni(p,p), E = 400 MeV/u Angular Distribution M. v. Schmid
kvi-cart
• Elastic p-scattering off 56Ni (E105)
30
preliminary!
First results with radioactive beam
kvi-cart
• Elastic p-scattering off 56Ni and 58Ni (E105)
First results with radioactive beam
kvi-cart
• Elastic p-scattering off 56Ni and 58Ni (E105)
First results with radioactive beam
kvi-cart
33
First results with radioactive beam • Elastic p-scattering off 56Ni and 58Ni (E105)
kvi-cart
Inelastic scattering
kvi-cart
First results with radioactive beam
• Inelastic scattering of alphas from 58Ni (E105)
kvi-cart
95-97% 56Ni ~ 104 pps
56Ni (α,α’)56Ni*
Primary target 9Be
58Ni56Ni54Co
53Fe55Co
9Be
Primary Beam: 58Ni at 75 MeV/u
Primary Target: 9Be (thickness 525.6 μm)
Secondary Beam: 56Ni at 50 MeV/u
MAYA setup
GANIL Facility
kvi-cart
Schematic view of MAYA active target detector
kvi-cart
Mask
Gassiplex Chips
Inside MAYA
kvi-cart
Anode Wires
Cathode pad in MAYA
kvi-cart
80 CsI Detectors
20 Si Detectors
Diamond Detector
ΔE-E telescope in MAYA
kvi-cart
Particle identification in Si/ScI detectors
kvi-cart
Recoil Track
Vertex
kvi-cart
Range extraction of recoil track
Range of recoil alpha particle
Maximum Amplitude
Maximum Amplitude / 2
kvi-cart
Excitation energy of 56Ni
Elastic peak
kvi-cart
Excitation energy of 56Ni at θCM=5.5o
kvi-cart
Low-lying dipole mode in 56Ni
kvi-cart
Monopole mode in 56Ni
56Ni (d, d’) 56Ni*
C. Monrozeau et al., PRL 100 (2008) 042501
This work:56Ni (α,α’) 56Ni*
kvi-cart
Monopole mode in 56Ni: ring vs. active target
kvi-cart
Conclusions and outlook• Large efforts are taking place for both the ring
environments as well as for active targets. • Bulk properties (radius, compressibility etc.) are the
main subject of the low-q measurements. • The goal is to go towards the medium heavy and
heavy nuclei (astrophysical processes). • First measurements done with Ni isotopes. • First physics measurements are already producing
beautiful results.• More measurements are planned for both systems.
kvi-cart
Upgrade of the first EXL experiment
Exotic nuclei studied in storage rings
kvi-cart
kvi-cart
The EXL-E105 Collaboration
S. Bagchi1, S. Bönig2, M. Castlós3, I. Dillmann4, C. Dimopoulou4, P. Egelhof4, V. Eremin5, H. Geissel4, R. Gernhäuser6, M.N. Harakeh1, A.-L. Hartig2, S. Ilieva2, N. Kalantar‑Nayestanaki1,
O. Kiselev4, H. Kollmus4, C. Kozhuharov4, A. Krasznahorkay3, T. Kröll2, M. Kuilman1, S. Litvinov4, Yu.A. Litvinov4, M. Mahjour-Shafiei1, M. Mutterer4, D. Nagae8, M.A. Najafi1, C. Nociforo4,
F. Nolden4, U. Popp4, C. Rigollet1, S. Roy1, C. Scheidenberger4, M. von Schmid2, M. Steck4, B. Streicher2,4, L. Stuhl3, M. Takechi4, M. Thürauf2, T. Uesaka9, H. Weick4, J.S. Winfield4,
D. Winters4, P.J. Woods10, T. Yamaguchi11, K. Yue4,7, J.C. Zamora2, J. Zenihiro9
1 KVI, Groningen2 Technische Universität Darmstadt
3 ATOMKI, Debrecen4 GSI, Darmstadt
5 Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, St.Petersburg6 Technische Universität München
7 Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou8 University of Tsukuba9 RIKEN Nishina Center
10 The University of Edinburgh11 Saitama University
kvi-cart
kvi-cart
Thank you!