kvar_penalties2.xls
2
Country Billing method: What is the mean of invoicing concerning the reactive power (kvar) ?(for example do users have to pay for penalties when they consume much too reactive power ?) Targeted Cos phi: What is the power factor targeted to avoid any possible penalty or to reduce his energy invoices ? When reactive power (kvar) is invoiced ? (6 months a year? Which months ?, all the year long ?,….) What is the price of reactive power (kvar) (in local currency or compare with the price of active power (kW) ?) Comments Germany Penalty Cos fi 0.9 à 0.95 All year depending on the 100 electrical utilities Cos Phi and harmonics measurements for 1 week are mandotory before installation of capacitors Austria Penalty Cos phi 0.9 5 All year 1kvar = between 0,018 & 0,025€ Different billing price depending on months Canada Panalty with double cos phi and maximun KVA Cos phi 0.9 & 1 All year Penalties depend on states Spain Penalty 0.95 All year 0.0001€ for 0.95 / 0.9 0.012€ for 0.9 / 0.85 0.0253€ for 0.85 / 0.8 0.038 € from 0.8 Price for 1 Kvar France Penalty 0.92 from 1st of November to 1 0,2 Portugal Penalty 0.92 All year from 0.016 to 0.18 Different billing price depending on months Estonia / Latvia / Lithuania Penalty Cos fi 0.95 Roumania Penalité 0.95 All year 0.6 from tg phi 0.3 to tg phi 1 1 from tg phi 1 to tg phi 2 2 from tg phi 2 to tg phi 3 Russia No penalty UK Peak demand on KVA USA Pénalité double cos phi et dépassement de KVA Cos phi 0.9 & 0.95 All year Prix du KW entre 3 et 7 USD Penalties values vary according to each state. Some states have no penalties Penalty ex:100 0KW with FP0.75 = 1330KVA Customer will pay 1200-1000= 200Kvar at 3$USD that is to say 600$USD yes: Utility charge by: The maximum of kVAR which is over 61.97% of max. real power demand of that month. about 8.3-8.5 depending on level of incoming voltage. kVAR excess 61.97% of kW Maximum Demand must pay fine 15 Baht/kVAR ( VAT 7 % i ncluded ) Reactive power price = 15 Baht/kVAr CHINA Many different tariff policies depending on the City / Region but usually there are penalties for lower than 0,90 and sometimes bonus for > 0,90 Generally 0,90 All year Similar See attached samples for different regions / city. We are collecting more and will send you later soon. Australia Only large energy users in the state of New South Wales have to pay a KVA tariff. Some companies which have negotiated individual energy contracts will have a KVA tariff included. The states o f South Australia and Queensland have been talking about KVA All commerical consumers are to maintain a minimum PF of 0.78 or better but this is never inforced. Companies that have a KVA tariff typically pay monthly As Australia has a competitive energy market, tariffs vary greatly. As an indication, assume a KVA charge of $10/KVA. Energy is around 4 - 5 cents / KWh Thailand about 0.85 lagging or better Every month
Transcript of kvar_penalties2.xls
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Country
Billing method:
What is the mean of invoicing
concerning the reactive power
(kvar) ?(for example do usershave to pay for penalties when
they consume much too reactive
power ?)
Targeted Cos
phi:
What is the
power factor
targeted to avoid
any possible
penalty or to
reduce his
energy invoices
?
When reactive power
(kvar) is invoiced ? (6
months a year? Whichmonths ?, all the year
long ?,….)
What is the price of
reactive power (kvar)
(in local currency or
compare with the
price of active power
(kW) ?)
Comments
Germany Penalty Cos fi 0.9 à 0.95 All year
depending on the 100electrical utilities
Cos Phi and harmonics measurementsfor 1 week are mandotory beforeinstallation of capacitors
Austria Penalty Cos phi 0.95 All year 1kvar = between 0,018
& 0,025€
Different billing price depending onmonths
CanadaPanalty with double cos phi andmaximun KVA Cos phi 0.9 & 1 All year Penalties depend on states
Spain Penalty 0.95 All year
0.0001€ for 0.95 / 0.9
0.012€ for 0.9 / 0.85
0.0253€ for 0.85 / 0.8
0.038 € from 0.8 Price for 1 Kvar
France Penalty 0.92 from 1st of November to 1 0,2
Portugal Penalty 0.92 All year from 0.016 to 0.18Different billing price depending onmonths
Estonia /Latvia /Lithuania Penalty Cos fi 0.95
Roumania Penalité 0.95 All year
0.6 from tg phi 0.3 to tgphi 11 from tg phi 1 to tg phi22 from tg phi 2 to tg phi3
Russia No penalty
UK Peak demand on KVA
USA
Pénalité double cos phi etdépassement de KVA
Cos phi 0.9 &0.95 All year
Prix du KW entre 3 et 7USD
Penalties values vary according to eachstate. Some states have no penaltiesPenalty ex:1000KW with FP0.75 =1330KVACustomer will pay 1200-1000= 200Kvar at 3$USD that is to say 600$USD
yes: Utility charge by: Themaximum of kVAR which is over
61.97% of max. real power demandof that month.
about 8.3-8.5depending on level of
incoming voltage.
kVAR excess 61.97% of kWMaximum Demand must pay fine 15
Baht/kVAR ( VAT 7 % included )
Reactive power price =15 Baht/kVAr
CHINA
Many different tariff policiesdepending on the City / Region butusually there are penalties for lower than 0,90 and sometimes bonus for
> 0,90
Generally 0,90 All year Similar See attached samples for different
regions / city. We are collecting moreand will send you later soon.
Australia
Only large energy users in the stateof New South Wales have to pay aKVA tariff. Some companies whichhave negotiated individual energy
contracts will have a KVA tariff included. The states of South
Australia and Queensland havebeen talking about KVA
All commericalconsumers are to
maintain aminimum PF of
0.78 or better butthis is never
inforced.
Companies that have aKVA tariff typically pay
monthly
As Australia has acompetitive energymarket, tariffs vary
greatly. As anindication, assume a
KVA charge of $10/KVA. Energy isaround 4 - 5 cents /
KWh
Thailandabout 0.85
lagging or better Every month
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