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KOC KOC Waste Management

Kuwait Oil CompanyWaste Management System-2003

November 2005

Health & Environment Team

(Health Safety and Environment Group)


Table of Contents

1. Introduction 11.1 Purpose and Scope 11.2 KOC Waste Policy 11.31.4

KOC Business OverviewKOC Current Waste Practices

12

1.5 Waste Management Background 22. Legal requirements 22.1 Government Regulations 23. Roles and Responsibilities 33.1 Key Responsibilities 3

4. Waste Generation and Management in KOC 3

4.1 Waste Storage 3

4.2 Waste Containers 4

4.3 Waste Labeling 5

4.4. Waste Transportation 5

4.5 Waste Disposal 5

4.6 Waste Records 5

4.7 Waste Tracking 6

4.8 Other Records 6

4.9 Reporting Requirements 7

5. Emergency Contingency Planning 7

5.1 Waste Spillage 7

6. Waste Inspection and Auditing 7

6.1 Inspection 8

6.2 Auditing 8

7 Training 8

7.1 Training Requirements 8


8. Medical Surveillance 9

9. HSEMS Procedures/Plan related to Waste Issues 9

10. Waste Minimization in KOC Operations 11

10.1 Introduction 1110.2 Waste Minimization Versus Waste Control 1110.3 Techniques of Waste Minimization 1410.3.1 Improved Operating Practices 1510.3.2 Improved House Keeping 1510.3.3 Preventive Maintenance 1510.3.4 Chemical and Material Storage 1510.3.5 Purchasing and Inventory Control 1510.3.6 Material Management 1610.3.7 Spill and Leak Prevention 1610.3.8 Technology Development 1710.3.9 Product Reformulation/Substitution 1710.3.9.1 Organic Solvents 1710.3.9.2 Mechanical Cleaning 18

10.3.9.3 Paints and Thinners 1810.3.9.4 In-process Recycling/Reuse 18

10.3.9.5 Reduction in Water Use 18

10.3.9.6 Materials Exchange 1810.3.9.7 Recycling 1911. Waste Classifications 1911.1 Hazardous waste 1911.2 Hazardous Waste by Characteristics 2012. Waste Reduction Study Recommendations 2012.1 Lay the groundwork for a comprehensive assessment 21

12.2 Review operations 2112.3 Identify waste reduction options 2112.4 Evaluate options 2212.5 Set goals and evaluate success 22

Figures:Figure 1 The Inverted Pyramid for Solid Waste Management 12Figure 2 Waste Minimization Measures 13Figure 3 Waste Minimization Performance Indicators 22


AppendicesAppendix1 Categories of wastes to be controlled 24Appendix2 KOC Monthly Waste Data Form 33Appendix3 Management of Specific Waste Streams 35Appendix4 Manifest for Transportation and Disposal of Wastes 80

Glossary 82Acronyms 86References 87

1. Introduction

1.1 Purpose and ScopeThe waste management system covers all of KOC activities, practices, and available facilities, new or improved facilities. The purpose of this document is to ensure that wastes generated by KOC activities are managed in compliance with applicable regulations and KOC policy and look at measures for waste minimization and reuse.

1.2 KOC Waste PolicyKOC HSE Policy Article 2 states that:

"We will strive for progressive improvement in the environmental performance of our facilities by reducing emissions and wastes and conserving energy."

In addition, an expectation has been established for all KOC employees and contractors in the Guide to KOC HSE Management System. Specifically, Element 5, Expectation 9 states:

"HSE impacts associated with waste, emissions, noise, biodiversity and energy shall be monitored and minimized. Comprehensive waste management programmes shall be in place to ensure that wastes are minimized, re-used, recycled, or properly disposed."


Expectations of Waste Management System

Ensure that waste management complies with company policy and expectations;

Ensure that all waste is managed in compliance with legal requirements, including permit conditions, national and international regulations;

Minimize the generation of waste;

Minimize the environmental impact of waste;

Ensuring that the management of waste does not disrupt or distract from normal operations

The purpose of these expectations is to:

Elaborate on the new KOC HSEMS expectations for waste management. Emphasize on methods to minimize waste volumes using waste minimization

philosophies. Follow the proposed waste management practices by maintaining up-to-date

waste information

1.3 KOC Business Overview

KOC’s business interests are centered on production and transport of oil. The massive effort in producing this oil includes the employment of 5000 plus employees, involvement of thousands of contractors, operating thousands of wells, numerous gathering centers, gas compression booster stations, drilling rigs, crude oil bulk storage tank farms, marine transport loading facilities, and a significant number of transportation pipelines. The significant oil production related activities generating waste over large land area include drilling, production, maintenance, construction, materials procurement, as well as use of office and housing complexes.

1.4 KOC Current Waste Practices

Currently KOC waste disposal practices include the use of various municipal landfills, pilot water injection wells, evaporation pits, and the discouraged use of unregulated open pits. KOC has achieved some positive results in the form of recycling surplus material through salvage vendors and encouraging recycling of office paper waste and recycling of weathered crude oil is being achieved through oil recovery by contractor under the “Skimmer Contract”.In line with Kuwait EPA directives, the KOC higher management has banned the disposal of wastes within KOC fields and following are two approved waste disposal areas out side KOC premises:

7th Ring Road disposal site for inert waste Shuaiba waste disposal site for hazardous waste

1.5 KOC Waste Management Background


Waste management is a significant issue of concern to industry, government and the wider community. It is an issue, which transcends environmental and economic boundaries. Primary concerns include the loss of potentially valuable materials that may be recycled, the use of otherwise valuable land for landfill, and the potential negative impacts of inadequate disposal techniques on public health and the environment.

2. Legal Requirements

2.1 Government Regulations

The management of wastes is regulated by Law No. 21/1995 as amended by Law No. 16/1996 and Decision 210/2001. This categorizes wastes as Hazardous or Non-hazardous according to the Basel Protocol. For movements of waste within Kuwait it requires that a Manifest for Transportation and Disposal is completed. Separate, but similar, manifests must be completed according to whether the waste is Hazardous or Non-Hazardous. Now we have Kuwait EPA Regulations 2002 (Gazette 533) and company have to comply with different aspects of the regulation related to waste management. Following are different articles of Kuwait EPA (Gazette 533) regarding waste management issues:

• Chapter 1- Articles 1 to 5 is about environmental outcomes of development projects

• Chapter 4- Articles 19 to 45 is regarding waste issues• Chapter 5- Articles 58 to 70 is regarding protection of marine and coastal

environment• Chapter 6- Articles 71 to 73 is regarding protection of earth from pollution• Chapter 9- Articles 86 to 89 is regarding KEPA legal control

3. Roles and Responsibilities

Accountability for waste management remains with KOC for all wastes arising from its operations. However, responsibility is delegated contractually to a number of parties such as suppliers, operational contractors and waste management contractors.

Advice and support on wastes management should be available from the KOC Health and Environment team and TL H&E Team act as principal contact with regulatory bodies on matter of waste disposal and other waste management issues, however Assets and Group Managers ensure that waste arising from their operations are managed in compliance with KOC policy and government regulations.The detailed responsibilities of Asset and Group Managers, Team Leader Health and Environment, Group and Asset HSE Team Leaders, Operations Supervisors, All Supervisors and Team Leaders, Superintendents of Contract, Contractors and All KOC and Contractor Staff will be described in a separate document titled Waste Management Procedure.

4. Waste Generation and Management in KOC


The types and quantities of waste likely to be generated must be considered when planning work. Specialist advice should be sought whenever the generation of large quantities or unusual wastes is anticipated. Some emergencies, such as spills of oil or chemicals, will generate wastes that require disposal. Given the nature of the operation it is unlikely that any spill will generate quantities of waste that cannot be disposed of through normal means. This conclusion should be confirmed during the environmental aspect evaluation process. If a potential to generate large quantities of hazardous waste is identified, its management should be included in the appropriate contingency plan. The categories of waste to be controlled, KOC monthly waste data reporting form, management of specific waste streams and manifest for transportation and disposal of hazardous wastes are given here as appendices 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively.

4.1. Waste Storage

Waste should be collected on site in specified waste collection points. Waste containers should meet the requirements listed below and should be color coded, if possible (e.g. black drums for non-hazardous waste, red for oily waste, etc.).

When waste containers are full they should immediately be taken to a waste storage area pending shipment for final disposal.

Assets should have specific, clearly identifiable, hazardous and non-hazardous waste accumulation, handling, and storage areas.

Hazardous waste should be stored separate from non-hazardous waste.

The hazardous waste storage area(s) shall be secured and access shall be restricted only to personnel assigned the responsibility of handling hazardous.

Waste that has been identified as hazardous should not be stored more than 90 days before it is shipped for disposal.

All shipping/packaging shall be separated and disposed accordingly. Reuse or recycle materials if possible.

No hazardous waste should be allowed into storage areas unless it has been properly identified and labeled.

4.2. Waste Containers

Containers must be in good conditions. Wastes must be transferred to another container if the container in which they are stored is leaking, severely rusted or has structural defects.

Damaged containers previously containing hazardous and toxic waste that cannot be reused shall be treated as a hazardous and toxic waste.


Containers must be made of or lined with materials that are compatible with the waste, and that will not react with the waste. All containers must be managed so that the ability of the container to hold the waste is not impaired.

All hazardous waste containers must be closed at all times, except when adding or removing wastes. They should be fitted with a strong lid to prevent spills during transfer or transport.

Containers must be handled in a manner that will not cause a rupture or leaks.

Reuse of containers for hazardous waste storage is allowed provided the all of the following conditions are met:

The hazardous waste to be stored is the same as the previous waste or is compatible with the previous waste.

The shipper puts the waste into the used container at least 24 hours before the shipment is to leave the site.

The container is inspected immediately before the shipment is loaded. Loading is performed by the shipper, and unloading is performed by the

consignee.

The characteristics and type of waste, the effect of waste expansion, the formation of gas and increase in pressure during storage shall be taken into consideration when placing hazardous and toxic wastes into a container.

For liquid hazardous and toxic waste, space shall be included for gas formation and volume expansion;

For self reacting hazardous and toxic wastes, voids shall not be left in the packages; and

For explosive hazardous and toxic wastes, packages shall be designed to withstand the increase of pressure from inside and outside.

4.3. Waste LabelingAll sites must follow the guidelines for waste labeling given in the Waste Information System. Waste storage areas must be indicated on site plans.

Hazardous waste containers should be labeled with the following information, as a minimum:

its contents; the date of packing; the words, “hazardous waste”, if hazardous; the hazardous characteristics, if any; its origin location; and a contact name and phone number.

4.4. Waste TransportationWaste may only be transported from KOC by an authorized Waste Transporter.

All waste that leaves KOC sites must be tracked using a system of Waste Manifests (Appendix 4). Different, but similar, Manifests are provided by the Kuwait EPA for Hazardous and Non-hazardous Wastes.


4.5. Waste Disposal Waste that is removed from KOC sites must be taken to an authorized waste management contractor for disposal. The dumping of any waste on KOC premises, or indeed any other area not approved by the Kuwait EPA, is strictly forbidden.

If reuse or recycling is not practicable options, wastes must be disposed through approved facilities. At present the only such facility within Kuwait is at the Shuaiba waste disposal site for hazardous waste and 7th ring road disposal site for inert waste.Preferred methods of disposal for each common waste type are given in the Waste Management Information System. The advice of the H&E Team should be sought before using any disposal route not listed in this system.

Appendix 3 gives guidance on the management of most common oilfield wastes, including options for reduction, reuse, recycling and disposal. However the practicability of these options within Kuwait has, as yet, not been determined.

4.6. Waste RecordsCopies of Waste Manifests must be retained by:

The Site Waste Controller, at the site generating the waste or the appropriate local office.

The Asset and Group H&E Team Leader.

In addition, the Site Waste Controller (SWC) should keep:-

A summary of the types and quantities of waste removed from site for disposal during the month.

An inventory of the types and quantities of waste remaining on site at the end of the month.

These records should be forwarded monthly to the Asset and Group H&E Team Leader within 14 days of the end of each month.

Summary records of the types and quantities of waste generated by each Group and Asset should be forwarded to the H&E Team Leader within 21 days of the end of each month.

It is vital that KOC can demonstrate that all wastes arising from its activities are managed and disposed of legally and in a manner that meets KOC policy. This requires that there is a system to record all wastes that arise and track their movements until final disposal.The quantities of all wastes generated and disposed must be recorded.

The only exceptions to the above are hydrocarbon wastes that are recycled on site back into the production stream. However hydrocarbons that are taken offsite for recycling must be recorded.

Volumes of effluents should be quantified. Quantities of solid and other wastes should also be quantified.

Records of waste should be reported to asset HSE teams on a monthly basis within 14 days of the end of the reporting period. This is to allow records to be kept current and for submissions to be made to the authorities and to KOC H&E Team.


4.7. Waste Tracking

Records must be kept that identify the full chain of custody, treatment and disposal for all items of waste. This is a legal requirement.

Waste tracking should be done using the waste manifest system stipulated in the EPA Regulations. Copies of the waste Manifests are given in the appendix 4 to this guidance document.

When waste is uplifted from KOC sites, copies of the manifest, signed by the waste transporter, should be made. Arrangements should also be made for a final signed copy of the manifest to be obtained from the waste disposal contractor, confirming that disposal has taken place. Copies of all signed waste manifests should be kept in the asset records system for at least five years.

4.8. Other Records

A number of other records related to waste disposal should be kept. These include:-

Effluent quality Waste analysis records Inspection records Inventories Employee training documentation Incident reports

4.9. Reporting Requirements

The quantity of hazardous waste generated and its disposal must be reported to the H&E team by the last day of each month. All such data is required by KPC and Kuwait EPA.

A single person within each asset should be allocated with the responsibility for all waste reporting.

5. Emergency Contingency Planning

Waste is an issue in emergency contingency planning for two reasons:

A spill of waste may in itself constitute and emergency. Other emergencies, notably oil spills, may generate wastes that require

disposal.

5.1. Waste Spillage


Producers, collectors, users, transporters, processors and stockpilers of hazardous waste should have an emergency response system. For waste transporters and processors this is a legal requirement.

It is unlikely that the spillage of waste from KOC operation would result in an emergency. Therefore it is not necessary to have an emergency response plan specifically for spills of waste; however such spillages can be incorporated into the facility generic emergency response plan.

The KOC Environmental Aspect Identification and Assessment Procedure should identify any potential incidents in which waste spillage would cause a specific risk (as against a general risk, such as a fire hazard). Should this occur, that risk should be highlighted in the emergency response plan. The plan should include information on hazardous and toxic wastes held on the facility and recommended procedures for their handling. The plan should also specify the authorities that must be notified in the event of a spillage of hazardous waste.

6. Waste Inspection and Auditing

Waste management should be part of the routine schedule of inspections that take place on operational sites to ensure that policies and procedures are being maintained.

In addition, there is a requirement to ensure that KOC is satisfied that the ultimate route of disposal of each waste meets regulatory and policy requirements. This may require that waste audits are carried out.

6.1. Inspections

Inspections are of two types;

General HSE or operational inspections Dedicated waste management inspections

Examples of general HSE inspections include the daily area supervisor tour. Such inspections should include assessment of waste management facilities and procedures.

In addition to these routine inspections there should be a regular dedicated waste management inspection covering the entire site. This should be carried out monthly unless only small volumes of waste are generated at the site, in which case a less frequent inspection schedule may be acceptable. Inspections should follow a checklist that covers segregation, storage, disposal and record keeping.

6.2. Auditing

Assurance must be obtained that third parties who handle transportation, treatment or disposal of any waste that arises from KOC’s activities do so in a manner that is in compliance with legal and KOC Policy requirements.


This assurance may be gained a number of ways:-

Certification from recognized third party bodies e.g.ISO14001 certification Audit reports from reputable third parties Audit by KOC or by other K company operations

Each of the above will give a different level of assurance. The level of assurance required will depend on the risk involved. Reliance on third party certification may be adequate when assessing a company that receives non-hazardous waste, such as paper, or very small quantities of hazardous waste, such as laboratory chemicals. A full audit would be required for sites that take large volumes of waste.

Ideally, audits should be carried out prior to entering any contract with a waste contractor.

7. Training

KOC Policy HSE-02 that anyone involved in activities that have potential environmental impact should be adequately trained.

7.1 Training Requirements

All operational staff requires training in waste management. The level of training will depend on the nature of their job.

Everyone should have basic training on waste management. This could be given as a dedicated package or as part of an induction programme. The training should cover the following points:-

KOC policy. Waste management hierarchy. Waste segregation. Disposal options. Basic health and safety considerations.

Specialized training should be given to staff that are:-

handling hazardous/toxic wastes; involved in facilities and equipment generating hazardous/toxic wastes; assigned to install, maintain, or repair waste management related equipment; preparing waste shipments; responsible for inspections; involved in waste record keeping or reporting; having any duties specified in the Contingency Plan.

The person within the asset who is responsible for waste shipment should undergo accredited external training on waste management.

All training should be documented.


In addition to basic training, there should be an ongoing awareness programme, for example; through the use of posters.

8. Medical Surveillance

The EPA regulations require that persons who regularly handle toxic waste must receive medical surveillance. The H&E Team should be consulted for details of these requirements.

9. HSEMS Procedures/ Plan- Related to Waste Issues

The detail description of the procedures is available in the KOS HSE Group Portal. The following are a brief description of the procedures:

Effluent Water Disposal Pit Closure Procedure: KOC.EV.006 (KOC HSEMS Element 04)

Responsibilities and actions for effluent water disposal pit cleanup and closure at KOC operations

This procedure describes the process for evaluation and risk based cleanup at contaminated pit site.

Chemical Spill Cleanup Procedure: KOC.EV.005 (KOC HSEMS Element 07)

Define responsibilities and actions in response to chemical spills that occur during KOC operations.

This procedure is related to oil spills less than 10 barrels.

Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Procedure – EV.KOC.003 (KOC HSEMS Element 04)

Preparation of Project HSE Plan procedure GE.KOC.048 (KOC HSEMS Element 04)

Waste management/ disposal Effluent disposal Oil and Chemical Spill Site Restoration Environment Sensitive Areas

Controlling Team should prepare HSE Plan; it should cover all the relevant waste issues and regulations (MOE and KEPA). HSE Asset Teams Review HSE Plan and HSE Group- Approve the HSE Plan.

Oil Spill Contingency Plan KOC Operations- Land

Assets specific response plan.


Spill reporting procedure Response Strategies. Waste management issues related to spills.

Waste Information System (KOC Portal HSE Group)

This website is intended to give guidance for the management of wastes arising from KOC operations. It is based on the following principles of waste management, in line with and the requirements of the KOC HSE Management system and best industry practice. The site covers the following information:

KOC waste policy Roles and responsibilities Waste Stream Management Manifests Reporting requirements Storage Disposal Legal requirements Waste characterization Inspection / Auditing Training Emergency Contingency Planning Waste finder Link to different relevant sites

10. Waste Minimization in KOC Operations

10.1 Introduction

Waste minimization means eliminating or reducing at the source the use, generation, or release of toxic chemicals, hazardous materials or solid waste. It requires a review of KOC operational/business activities from start to finish, in order making changes that avoid the creation of waste, rather than managing waste after it has been generated. Few examples of waste minimization techniques include:

- Elimination of chlorinated solvents through product substitution- Use of water-based muds as an alternative to oil-based muds- Directional drilling to reduce environmental impacts- Spill prevention programs

This concept can be applied to all aspects of KOC operations, such as drilling, acid mixing, facility design, fluid transfer etc.

10.2 Waste Minimization versus Waste Control

Waste Minimization is not the same as waste control. Waste control means reducing waste after it has been created, rather than avoiding its creation in the first place.


Traditionally solid wastes are managed in a hierarchy that looks like an inverted pyramid (Figure 1). At the broad top is disposal, which is a macro solution applied at the level of the company. Very little of the waste is processed or treated in any way, and indeed have a maximum impact on the environment.

At the narrow bottom of the inverted pyramid is waste minimization at source. This is a micro solution to waste management, applied at the level of an individual and household, or a business/industry - at the place where the waste is actually generated. Here a conscious effort is made to reduce the amount of waste generated - indeed to avoid situations where waste is generated. The impacts and effects on the environment at this level are minimal.

In some cases waste control is the only feasible option. Whenever possible, waste minimization is emphasized as a new approach to apply in the design and implementation of a variety of projects. Source reduction is the strategy of first choice, followed by recycling, treatment, and as a last and least preferred resort, environmentally sound disposal.

Waste minimization is a methodology used to achieve waste reduction, primarily through reduction at source, but also including recycling and re-use of materials, as shown in the figure below.

Figure 1: The Inverted Pyramid for Solid Waste Management

Disposal

Most preferred option

Least preferred option

Least preferred option


Figure 2: Waste Minimization Measures

Possible WasteMinimization

Solutions

Sourcereduction

Productsubstitution

Equipmentmodification

Reduction in water useGood house

keepingand preventivemaintenance

Gradualelimination

of all surface pits

Inventorycontrol

Betterproduced

watermanagement


Table 1- Waste Minimization Measures for KOC

Business Activity Type of Waste Generated Waste Minimization OptionsFluid Transfer Oil, fuel, and chemical spills Use portable surface liner Purchasing and Materials Management

Obsolete inventory stock, Unused materials, Delivery and receiving spills, Spills from improper storage

Institute inventory control program through centralized purchasingOrder materials in containers sized to useEnsure secondary containment for hazardous materials


Utilize recyclable containers that can be returned to vendor.

Painting and Stripping

Sludge, Paint thinner, Solvent, Paint waste, Evaporative losses, Bad batch

Use water-based paintsTrain employees to apply efficientlyReduce over spray by proper use of spray gunMix only what is neededUse up paint completely.

Facility Design and Construction

Poor design may result in: Spills, Poor separation of hazardous chemicals

Install concrete floorInstall secondary containment for hazardous materialsDesign building to segregate wastes.

Facility Operation and Maintenance

Spills resulting from poor operation and maintenance

Develop quality assurance and prevention maintenance program.- implementation

Drilling Lead other materials in pipe dope Use non-metallic dope.

Mixing of Acids, Muds, Brines Spills of acids and other materials

Design system so mixing is done automatically through computer systemDesign system so mixing takes place indoors where there is secondary containmentFilter, recycle and reuse materials prior to disposal.

10.3. Techniques of Waste Minimization

Waste Minimization can be accomplished through a variety of different techniques, which involve changes in human behavior, materials, equipment, technology, or some combination of these factors. These techniques include:

- Improved operating practices- Technology changes through process and equipment- Product reformulation/materials substitution- In-process recycling/reuse and materials exchange

A key to successfully achieving waste minimization is making commitment to carefully review all KOC operations with an eye towards waste reduction so that promising techniques can be identified and implemented. Assets should develop a program, based on the following techniques.

10.3.1 Improved Operating Practices

Improved operating practices are often the simplest and least expensive means of achieving pollution prevention. This category includes improved housekeeping, purchasing and inventory control, materials management, leak and spill prevention, and training. It may also include changes in management philosophy that allow for more employee contributions to pollution prevention, such as implementing quality improvement programs.

10.3.2 Improved House Keeping


Tanks, containers, pumps, and engines all have the tendency to leak. A good housekeeping practice that can help reduce the amount of soil and water contamination that an operator has to remediate is installing containment devices. Even though a small investment is required, containment devices save money and regulatory compliance concerns in the long run. Also, they can capture valuable released chemicals that can be recovered and used.

10.3.3 Preventive Maintenance

The companion of good housekeeping is preventive maintenance. Regularly scheduled preventive maintenance on equipment, pumps, piping systems and valves, and engines will minimize the occurrence of leaks and releases of chemicals and other materials to containment systems, or if there are no containment systems, to the environment.

10.3.4 Chemical and Materials Storage

Another important aspect of good housekeeping is the proper storage of chemicals and materials. Chemicals and materials should be stored such that they are not in contact with the ground (e.g., on wooden pallets). Preferably, the raised storage area will include secondary containment and be protected from weather. All drums and containers should be kept closed except when in use. It is very important that all chemical and material containers always be properly labeled so that their contents may be identified at any time. Also, material data safety sheets (MSDSs) and other manufacturer information should be kept on file for all stored chemicals and materials. Proper storage and labeling of containers allows quick and easy identification and classification of released chemical or material in the event of a leak or rupture.

10.3.5 Purchasing and Inventory Control

Inventory control is one of the most effective ways to reduce waste generation, regulatory compliance concerns and operating costs. Especially, when combined with proper chemical and materials storage. An operator who tracks his chemicals and materials can use them more efficiently and reduce the volume of unusable chemical that must be managed as waste (Suppliers to take back empty and partially filled containers for reclamation or reuse). The purchasing staff should be involved in waste reduction planning to help reduce the use and waste to toxic materials. Examples of purchasing and inventory control practices include:

- Purchase and use toxic substances only as needed- Purchase non-toxic products, if available- Set up an inventory tracking system to avoid over purchase of materials in

different parts of a facility- Avoid overstock of raw materials, especially those with a short shelf life- Purchase materials in containers sized to the amounts you plan to use- Maintain records of toxic substance purchases for reporting purposes and to

understand trends in usage- Maintain current Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)


- Review MSDS sheets prior to purchase to ensure that the product is compatible with your process and safe for workers

- For materials used in large quantities, purchase in bulk storage containers and/or reusable totes to avoid the need for drum disposal

10.3.6 Materials Management

Improved materials management provides an easy and low cost way to reduce waste. Good materials management practices include:

- Space rows of drums appropriately to allow for easy transfer and inspection

for damage or leaks.- Stack containers according to manufacturer's instructions to reduce tipping,

puncturing, or other damage.- Segregate each toxic substance, hazardous waste and non-hazardous waste to

avoid cross-contamination, mixing of incompatible materials, and unwanted reactions and to facilitate materials exchange, recycling, or reclamation.

- Store containers on pallets to prevent corrosion, which can result from containers contacting concrete floors.

- Keep aisles free of obstructions.- Clearly label containers with information on contents, handling, storage,

expiration dates, and health and safety hazards.

10.3.7 Spill and Leak Prevention

A comprehensive spill prevention program saves money in both product and cleanup costs. To reduce the potential for leaks and spills:

- Use storage tanks and vessels only for their intended purposes.- Install leak detection equipment and train employees to use it.- Install spill containment equipment and train employees to use it.- Wipe up spills whenever possible rather than hosing down an area.- Maintain the integrity of tanks and containers.- Control the loading, unloading, and transfer of all hazardous substances.- Ensure that all hoses and gaskets are properly fitted prior to receiving and

dispensing fuels and other liquids.- Install secondary containment around tanks or storage areas to limit spills.

10.3.8 Technology Development

Process and/or equipment changes can be effective pollution prevention measures. Old or inefficient processes often result in excess use of toxic substances and excess generation of hazardous wastes. The installation of new processes and or equipment can result in improved efficiency, safety, and lowered costs. Examples of process changes include:

- Automate to reduce accidental releases and control quality - Conserve water and energy to reduce waste generation


- Improve scheduling of processes or dedication of equipment to certain processes to minimize the amount of cleaning needed, especially in painting operations

- Test solvent baths to determine whether they need changing rather than changing them according to a schedule

Equipment changes may include redesign to reduce the likelihood of spills, and installation of equipment to recycle materials such as solvents and antifreeze.

10.3.9 Product Reformulation / Substitution

Hazardous wastes may be reduced by changing a product's formula so that a toxic or hazardous ingredient is replaced with a less toxic material. This technique is called product reformulation. Water-based paints are an example of a product that has been reformulated to eliminate the solvents found in oil-based paints. Materials or product substitution can reduce or eliminate the amount of toxic materials being used and disposed of in the exploration and production process. Substitution of citrus-based solvents and water-based cleaning systems for chlorinated solvents used in parts cleaning is one of the common materials changes occurring in the oil production industry. Assets should carefully evaluate substitute products. These substitutes may be less hazardous than the original product, but they are not risk free, and should be handled by trained personnel. Following are some recommendations for substitute products:

10.3.9.1 Organic Solvents

Organic solvents, such as trichloroethylene, and carbon tetrachloride, are commonly used for cleaning equipment and tools. These solvents, when spent, become hazardous oil and gas wastes. Alternative cleaning agents, such as citrus-based cleaning compounds and steam may be substituted for organic solvents. By doing so, a hazardous waste stream may be eliminated, along with the associated waste management and regulatory compliance concerns.

10.3.9.2 Mechanical Cleaning

Mechanical cleaning techniques are probably the best source reduction methods when using cleaning solvents. There are commercial products, which use high pressure, and/or high temperature water based solvents to clean equipment. This type of equipment in many cases recycles the cleaning fluid to get the maximum use out of the solvent being used and minimizes the volume of the waste generated. Also, solvents such as xylene and toluene, which may become hazardous wastes, have been commonly used for dissolution and removal of organic deposits (e.g., paraffin). Chemical suppliers have access to non-toxic solvents that will substitute for xylene and toluene.

10.3.9.3 Paints and Thinners


Oil-based paints and organic solvents (i.e., thinners and cleaners) are used less frequently today, nonetheless they are still used. These paints and thinners provide an excellent product substitution opportunity. Water-based paints should be used whenever feasible. The use of water-based paints eliminates the need for organic thinners, such as toluene. Organic thinners used for cleaning painting equipment are typically listed hazardous waste when spent. This substitution can eliminate a hazardous waste stream and reduce waste management costs.

10.3.9.4 In-process Recycling/Reuse

In-process recycling and reuse will improve efficiency and reduce the cost of waste disposal. Rather than disposing of a material after a one-time use, the material is reprocessed so it can be used again. This technique will apply in the oil field to reuse well fluids as well as to conserve water.

10.3.9.5 Reduction in Water Use

Large amounts of water are used when hydro testing lines. To reduce water use and water disposal costs when feasible, reuse hydro test water to test as many lines as possible. In some instances, reuse of hydro test water can result in the reduction of significant waste management costs and water purchase costs. Also use of ultrasonic ("smart") pigs may reduce the need for hydro testing. Smart pigs can assess the condition of pipe and, thus, may help in more efficient planning of hydro testing.

10.3.9.6 Materials Exchange

A materials exchange program can help to conserve resources, energy and land fill space by assisting businesses in finding alternatives to the disposal of useful materials or wastes. The materials exchange provides an information clearinghouse for businesses to list materials wanted and available. Type of materials list may include:

- Out of date/overstock chemicals- Pallets and wood- Containers/packaging materials- Used office/electronic equipment- Construction materials- Paints and coatings- Metals- Plastic- Oils- Paper products

One company can often use another company's wastes. Materials exchanges are mutually beneficial, the buyer saves on raw material costs and the seller saves on disposal costs. It is not necessary to sell the unwanted items, it can be given free of cost, if the company is facing difficulty in finding the buyers, still company can save the disposal costs etc.

10.3.9.7 Recycling

The next preferred waste management option is recycling. Recycling is becoming a big business and more recycling options are available every day.


Scrap metal is a relatively easy waste to recycle. Many recycling companies can collect and remove materials such as tanks, drums, and other types of scrap metal from the premises at minimal or no charge to the company. An additional consideration is regulatory requirements. Scrap metal that is recycled is not subject to hazardous oil and gas waste regulations; but it is if disposed of. For example, an old steel tank coated with lead-based paint would likely be determined hazardous if disposed of; however, if recycled it is excluded from regulation as a hazardous oil and gas waste.

An excellent way to ensure that drums are recycled is to have in the contract with a vendor the requirement that the vendor take back any delivered drum, including drums that still contain some chemical or product.

11. Waste Classifications

The waste generator is responsible for properly characterizing each waste. The waste characterization is then used in assessing the appropriate handling, treatment, and disposal of that waste. Waste characterization is the assessment of the physical, chemical, and toxicological characteristics (i.e. properties) of a waste. There are two primary reasons for characterization:

To determine the dangers related to transportation on public roads, and to determine the environmental consequences of the waste so that a disposal or management option that appropriately deals with those consequences may be used.

In general all of KOC wastes can be classified into one of two categories, either being of a hazardous nature or non-hazardous nature.

11.1 Hazardous waste

Some wastes need to be considered hazardous due to their inherently dangerous nature. They may have the potential to react violently causing an explosion, fire, chemical reaction, or they may have constituents that are extremely toxic to living organisms in low doses. Due to these increased health risks, hazardous wastes require special precautions in their handling, storage, transport, and ultimate disposal. Examples of hazardous waste could include spent treatment chemicals, chlorinated solvents, cleaning fluids containing heavy metals, batteries, etc.

Many countries have extensive regulations and guidance in determining what materials are considered hazardous waste and how they should be handled and disposed of. Currently Kuwait EPA regulations provide limited guidance regarding hazardous waste. Basel convention also has produced technical guidelines and categories of waste to be controlled. In the absence of specific regulations, KOC should strive to follow the general international hazardous waste determinations based on characteristics of the material by the following four categories:

11.2. Hazardous Waste Characteristics


Flammability (Examples: waste gasoline, solvents, and thinners)Liquids with flash point less then 60 degrees CelsiusSolids or semi solids capable of causing fire through friction, absorbing moisture, or spontaneous chemical change, and burning vigorously and persistently when ignitedGasses, which are compressed and ignitable

Corrosivity (Examples: strong acids or caustics)Substances with pH less then 2.0 or greater then 12.5

Reactivity (Examples: iron sulphide, acetylene)Substance that reacts easily by itself or mixed with water to produce heat, explosion, or toxic gases

Toxicity (Examples: biocides, benzene, lead, cadmium)Substances that exceed leachate test concentration levels containing certain heavy metals, organic chemicals, and pesticides.

In addition to the materials determined to be hazardous by the above characterization criteria, there may be additional waste materials that require special care and treated similar to hazardous waste e.g. medical waste. Unique procedures are necessary to handle these special types of waste and should be developed and included in the procedural. In general the determination of whether or not a material should be considered hazardous is typically a troublesome and continual problem. If the particular waste stream in question was not on the list then the more detailed analysis would be required, but once it was complete and a classification determined, the waste classification list could be updated with the new information for future reference.

12. Waste Reduction Study Recommendations

Study for the waste reduction in oil and gas production is difficult because of a lack of sufficient data on quantities and relative toxicities of the various wastes produced. Clearly, bottom wastes saturated with crude oil, paraffin, and asphaltics are toxic, but many of the solids separable from these wastes (such as bentonite and clay) are virtually inert biologically. A study quantifying mass, volume, toxicity, and environmental availability of the wastes would make it possible to rank their potential for environmental damage and to focus efforts for technical solutions. Produced water is massive in quantity, but can be well handled by recycling and deep well disposal. Managing oily wastes and sludges in an economic and environmentally sound way, should also be a high priority issue. A mechanism for more far-reaching communication on waste minimization, source reduction, toxics use reduction, and closed loop recycling should be instituted. This communication would encompass waste exchanges, technological transfer both within KOC, between K companies, industry, government, and environmental groups to encourage cooperation on pollution prevention issues.

The most comprehensive approach for pollution prevention is called a waste reduction assessment. This requires convening a team to evaluate all aspects of KOC’s


operations. Pollution prevention opportunities can also be identified by focusing on a particular waste stream of concern, or a toxic chemical currently in use.

The advantage to conducting an Asset/facility-wide waste reduction assessment is that it may suggest overall changes that can benefit the Asset throughout its operations. A comprehensive assessment will also assist the company in its long-term planning efforts. Some basic steps in conducting a comprehensive waste reduction assessment are as follows:

12.1. Lay the groundwork for a comprehensive assessment

Prior to beginning an evaluation of a facility, it is important to have clear direction and management support for this type of evaluation. Assembling a diverse team of employees representing all aspects of the operation is key to conducting a thorough facility evaluation. This team should include team leaders, engineers, HSE staff, operational supervisors, purchasing staff, maintenance personnel, and any others critical to the overall operation.

12.2. Review operations

Prior to doing a walkthrough of a facility in each assets, it may be useful to review data, such as purchasing records, operation and maintenance reports and any information about suspected environmental or safety problems. A walkthrough is conducted to identify all of the steps in an operation, including all materials use, identification of wastes being generated. This evaluation should identify types and quantities of materials used and wastes generated in the facility operations. It may be useful to construct a diagram of the process flow in your operation to pinpoint problem areas. It is often useful to include someone who is not involved in the day-to-day operations of the facility in this review of operations. This person may provide a fresh eye in evaluating the efficiency of current practices and techniques.

12.3. Identify waste reduction options When a walkthrough and review of facility operations has been completed, it is time to generate a list of pollution prevention options. It is productive to work as a team and brainstorm a list of options, which can then be evaluated further. Improved operating practices are often the easiest to identify, such as improvements in training, inventory control, waste segregation, storage and handling, preventive maintenance, and scheduling. Other options may include raw materials changes, technology changes and improvements in recycling and reuse of materials.

12.4. Evaluate options Evaluate options for their technical and economic feasibility as well as the likelihood of their acceptance by relevant employees.


Once options are selected they can be implemented. Many operating changes can be implemented immediately, whereas more complex changes may require equipment and facility redesign. All changes will require employees training to ensure long-term effectiveness.

12.5. Set goals and evaluate success

It can be valuable to set annual goals for a comprehensive waste reduction program. These goals may be performance-based or numeric. For example, a goal may be to limit the use of drums or reduce the use of chlorinated solvents by 60% in two years. The assessment process itself is not a one-time procedure. Ideally, an assessment is conducted on an annual basis. At that time progress can be evaluated and new goals can be set for waste reduction.

Figure 3 -Waste Minimization Performance Indicators

Table 2 Recycle Companies in Kuwait

The company can contact the following companies within Kuwait for the recycling of any relevant material available in their assets.

No. Company Name Address Tel. Web Site/ Email

AddressRecycled Material

1 Kuwait Foundry

Al-Rai Industrial

area

47666914763033 - Scrap

metals

2 Gulf Glass Mina 3262252 www.kuwaitiglass.com Soft drink

Waste Minimization

RecycleOnsite and offsite

Source reduction(pollution prevention)

ReuseReclamation Process

Modification

Product changes(eco design)

Process changes(cleaner production)

Improved operating practices

Technology changes (clean production)

Raw material changes

EmployeeInvolvement


Manufacturing Company Abdulla 3262257 bottles

3Gulf Paper

Manufacturing Company

Shuaiba Ind- Area

32637043262072 www.gulfpaper.com Paper &

carton

4 Kuwait Lube Oil Company

Shuaiba Ind-Area

326124732612483261249

[email protected] Lube oils

5Al-Oula Steel Manufacturing

Company

Shuaiba Ind- Area 3263780 [email protected] Scrap

metals

6

Metal Recycling Company (MRC)

Amghara Area 4577773 www.mrckw.com Scrap

metals

7 Al-Zahem Industry

Al-Rai industrial

Area 4721480 [email protected] Used tires

The above list is based on KEPA list of recycling companies within State of Kuwait.*KOC will be paid for transporting recyclable material to the above-mentioned companies.* For further information regarding waste recycling, kindly contact the above-mentioned companies.

Appendix 1

Categorization of Hazardous Wastes According to the Basel Protocol


Waste Streams

Y1 Clinical wastes from medical care in hospitals, medical centers and clinicsY2 Wastes from the production and preparation of pharmaceutical productsY3 Waste pharmaceuticals, drugs and medicinesY4 Wastes from the production, formulation and use of biocides and

phytopharmaceuticalsY5 Wastes from the manufacture, formulation and use of wood preserving

chemicalsY6 Wastes from the production, formulation and use of organic solventsY7 Wastes from heat treatment and tempering operations containing cyanidesY8 Waste mineral oils unfit for their originally intended useY9 Waste oils/water, hydrocarbons/water mixtures, emulsionsY10 Waste substances and articles containing or contaminated with polychlorinated

biphenyls (PCBs) and/or polychlorinated terphenyls (PCTs) and/or polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs)

Y11 Waste tarry residues arising from refining, distillation and any pyrolytic treatment

Y12 Wastes from production, formulation and use of inks, dyes, pigments, paints, lacquers, varnish

Y13 Wastes from production, formulation and use of resins, latex, plasticizers, glues/adhesives

Y14 Waste chemical substances arising from research and development or teaching activities which are not identified and/or are new and whose effects on man and/or the environment are not known

Y15 Wastes of an explosive nature not subject to other legislationY16 Wastes from production, formulation and use of photographic chemicals and

processing materialsY17 Wastes resulting from surface treatment of metals and plasticsY18 Residues arising from industrial waste disposal operations

Wastes having as constituents:

Y19 Metal carbonylsY20 Beryllium; beryllium compoundsY21 Hexavalent chromium compoundsY22 Copper compoundsY23 Zinc compoundsY24 Arsenic; arsenic compoundsY25 Selenium; selenium compoundsY26 Cadmium; cadmium compoundsY27 Antimony; antimony compoundsY28 Tellurium; tellurium compoundsY29 Mercury; mercury compoundsY30 Thallium; thallium compoundsY31 Lead; lead compoundsY32 Inorganic fluorine compounds excluding calcium fluorideY33 Inorganic cyanidesY34 Acidic solutions or acids in solid formY35 Basic solutions or bases in solid form


Y36 Asbestos (dust and fibres)Y37 Organic phosphorus compoundsY38 Organic cyanidesY39 Phenols; phenol compounds including chlorophenolsY40 EthersY41 Halogenated organic solventsY42 Organic solvents excluding halogenated solventsY43 Any congenor of polychlorinated dibenzo-furanY44 Any congenor of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxinY45 Organohalogen compounds other than substances referred to in this Annex

(e.g. Y39, Y41, Y42, Y43, Y44)

(a) To facilitate the application of this Convention, and subject to paragraphs (b), (c) and (d), wastes listed in Annex VIII are characterized as hazardous pursuant to Article 1, paragraph 1 (a), of this Convention, and wastes listed in Annex IX are not covered by Article 1, paragraph 1 (a), of this Convention.

(b) Designation of a waste on Annex VIII does not preclude, in a particular case,

the use of Annex III to demonstrate that a waste is not hazardous pursuant to Article 1, paragraph 1 (a), of this Convention.

(c) Designation of a waste on Annex IX does not preclude, in a particular case,

characterization of such a waste as hazardous pursuant to Article 1, paragraph 1 (a), of this Convention if it contains Annex I material to an extent causing it to exhibit an Annex III characteristic.

(d) Annexes VIII and IX do not affect the application of Article 1, paragraph 1

(a), of this Convention for the purpose of characterization of wastes3

CATEGORIES OF WASTES REQUIRING SPECIAL CONSIDERATION

Y46 Wastes collected from households Y47 Residues arising from the incineration of household wastes

LIST OF HAZARDOUS CHARACTERISTICS

UN Class Code Characteristics

1 H1 ExplosiveAn explosive substance or waste is a solid or liquid substance or waste (or mixture of substances or wastes) which is in itself capable by chemical reaction of producing gas at such a temperature and pressure and at such a speed as to cause damage to the surroundings.

http://www.basel.int/text/#p28f3


3 H3 Flammable liquidsThe word “flammable” has the same meaning as “inflammable”. Flammable liquids are liquids, or mixtures of liquids, or liquids containing solids in solution or suspension (for example, paints, varnishes, lacquers, etc., but not including substances or wastes otherwise classified on account of their dangerous characteristics) which give off a flammable vapour at temperatures of not more than 60.5ºC, closed-cup test, or not more than 65.6ºC, open-cup test. (Since the results of open-cup tests and of closed-cup tests are not strictly comparable and even individual results by the same test are often variable, regulations varying from the above figures to make allowance for such differences would be within the spirit of this definition.)

4.1 H 4.1 Flammable solidsSolids, or waste solids, other than those classed as explosives, which under conditions encountered in transport are readily combustible, or may cause or contribute to fire through friction.

4.2 H 4.2 Substances or wastes liable to spontaneous combustionSubstances or wastes which are liable to spontaneous heating under normal conditions encountered in transport, or to heating up on contact with air, and being then liable to catch fire.

4.3 H 4.3 Substances or wastes which, in contact with water emit flammable gasesSubstances or wastes which, by interaction with water, are liable to become spontaneously flammable or to give off flammable gases in dangerous quantities.

5.1 H 5.1 OxidizingSubstances or wastes which, while in themselves not necessarily combustible, may, generally by yielding oxygen cause, or contribute to, the combustion of other materials.

5.2 H 5.2 Organic PeroxidesOrganic substances or wastes which contain the bivalent-o-o-structure are thermally unstable substances which may undergo exothermic self-accelerating decomposition.

6.1 H 6.1 Poisonous (Acute)Substances or wastes liable either to cause death or serious injury or to harm health if swallowed or inhaled or by skin contact.

6.2 H 6.2 Infectious substancesSubstances or wastes containing viable micro organisms or their toxins which are known or suspected to cause disease in animals or humans.


8 H 8 CorrosivesSubstances or wastes which, by chemical action, will cause severe damage when in contact with living tissue, or, in the case of leakage, will materially damage, or even destroy, other goods or the means of transport; they may also cause other hazards.

9 H 10 Liberation of toxic gases in contact with air or waterSubstances or wastes which, by interaction with air or water, are liable to give off toxic gases in dangerous quantities.

9 H 11 Toxic (Delayed or chronic)Substances or wastes which, if they are inhaled or ingested or if they penetrate the skin, may involve delayed or chronic effects, including carcinogenicity.

9 H 12 EcotoxicSubstances or wastes which if released present or may present immediate or delayed adverse impacts to the environment by means of bioaccumulation and/or toxic effects upon biotic systems.

9 H 13 Capable, by any means, after disposal, of yielding another material, e.g., leachate, which possesses any of the characteristics listed above.

Tests

The potential hazards posed by certain types of wastes are not yet fully documented; tests to define quantitatively these hazards do not exist. Further research is necessary in order to develop means to characterize potential hazards posed to man and/or the environment by these wastes. Standardized tests have been derived with respect to pure substances and materials. Many countries have developed national tests which can be applied to materials listed in Annex I, in order to decide if these materials exhibit any of the characteristics listed in this Annex.


LIST A1

Wastes contained in this Annex are characterized as hazardous under Article 1, paragraph 1 (a), of this Convention and their designation on this Annex does not preclude the use of Annex III to demonstrate that a waste is not hazardous.

1.1.1. A1 Metal and metal-bearing wastes

A1010 Metal wastes and waste consisting of alloys of any of the following: Antimony Arsenic Beryllium Cadmium Lead Mercury Selenium Tellurium Thalliumbut excluding such wastes specifically listed on list B.

A1020 Waste having as constituents or contaminants, excluding metal waste in massive form, any of the following: Antimony; antimony compounds Beryllium; beryllium compounds Cadmium; cadmium compounds Lead; lead compounds Selenium; selenium compounds Tellurium; tellurium compounds

A1030 Wastes having as constituents or contaminants any of the following:Arsenic; arsenic compoundsMercury; mercury compoundsThallium; thallium compounds

A1160 Waste lead-acid batteries, whole or crushedA1170 Unsorted waste batteries excluding mixtures of only list B batteries. Waste

batteries not specified on list B containing Annex I constituents to an extent to render them hazardous

A1180 Waste electrical and electronic assemblies or scrap2 containing components such as accumulators and other batteries included on list A, mercury-switches, glass from cathode-ray tubes and other activated glass and PCB-capacitors, or contaminated with Annex I constituents (e.g., cadmium, mercury, lead, polychlorinated biphenyl) to an extent that they possess any of the characteristics contained in Annex III (note the related entry on list B B1110)3

1 These lists have been edited to include only those waste streams that are likely to be produced by oil industry operations.

2 This entry does not include scrap assemblies from electric power generation.

3 PCBs are at a concentration level of 50 mg/kg or more.

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A2 Wastes containing principally inorganic constituents, which may contain metals and organic materials

A2010 Glass waste from cathode-ray tubes and other activated glassesA2030 Waste catalysts but excluding such wastes specified on list BA2050 Waste asbestos (dusts and fibres)

A3 Wastes containing principally organic constituents, which may contain metals and inorganic materials

A3010 Waste from the production or processing of petroleum coke and bitumenA3020 Waste mineral oils unfit for their originally intended useA3030 Wastes that contain, consist of or are contaminated with leaded anti-knock

compound sludgesA3040 Waste thermal (heat transfer) fluidsA3060 Waste nitrocelluloseA3140 Waste non-halogenated organic solvents but excluding such wastes specified

on list BA3150 Waste halogenated organic solventsA3160 Waste halogenated or unhalogenated non-aqueous distillation residues arising

from organic solvent recovery operationsA3180 Wastes, substances and articles containing, consisting of or contaminated with

polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), polychlorinated terphenyl (PCT), polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) or polybrominated biphenyl (PBB), or any other polybrominated analogues of these compounds, at a concentration level of 50 mg/kg or more

A3190 Waste tarry residues (excluding asphalt cements) arising from refining, distillation and any pyrolitic treatment of organic materials

A3200 Bituminous material (asphalt waste) from road construction and maintenance, containing tar (note the related entry on list B, B2130)

A4 Wastes which may contain either inorganic or organic constituents

A4010 Wastes from the production, preparation and use of pharmaceutical products but excluding such wastes specified on list B

A4020 Clinical and related wastes; that is wastes arising from medical, nursing, dental, veterinary, or similar practices, and wastes generated in hospitals or other facilities during the investigation or treatment of patients, or research projects

A4030 Wastes from the production, formulation and use of biocides and phytopharmaceuticals, including waste pesticides and herbicides which are off-specification, outdated, or unfit for their originally intended use

A4040 Wastes from the manufacture, formulation and use of wood-preserving chemicals

A4050 Wastes that contain, consist of or are contaminated with any of the following: Inorganic cyanides, excepting precious-metal-bearing residues in solid

form containing traces of inorganic cyanides Organic cyanides

A4060 Waste oils/water, hydrocarbons/water mixtures, emulsions

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A4070 Wastes from the production, formulation and use of inks, dyes, pigments, paints, lacquers, varnish excluding any such waste specified on list B (note the related entry on list B B4010)

A4080 Wastes of an explosive nature (but excluding such wastes specified on list B)A4090 Waste acidic or basic solutions, other than those specified in the corresponding

entry on list B (note the related entry on list B B2120)A4100 Wastes from industrial pollution control devices for cleaning of industrial off-

gases but excluding such wastes specified on list BA4120 Wastes that contain, consist of or are contaminated with peroxides A4130 Waste packages and containers containing Annex I substances in

concentrations sufficient to exhibit Annex III hazard characteristicsA4140 Waste consisting of or containing off specification or outdated chemicals

corresponding to Annex I categories and exhibiting Annex III hazard characteristics11 Note that mirror entry on list B (B1160) does not specify exceptions.12 This entry does not include scrap assemblies from electric power generation.

13 PCBs are at a concentration level of 50 mg/kg or more.A4160 Spent activated carbon not included on list B (note the related entry on list B

B2060)

LIST B

Wastes contained in the Annex will not be wastes covered by Article 1, paragraph 1 (a), of this Convention unless they contain Annex I material to an extent causing them to exhibit an Annex III characteristic. B1 Metal and metal-bearing wastes

B1010 Metal and metal-alloy wastes in metallic, non-dispersible form: Precious metals (gold, silver, the platinum group, but not mercury) Iron and steel scrap Copper scrap Nickel scrap Aluminium scrap Zinc scrap Tin scrap

B1030 Refractory metals containing residuesB1040 Scrap assemblies from electrical power generation not contaminated with

lubricating oil, PCB or PCT to an extent to render them hazardousB1050 Mixed non-ferrous metal, heavy fraction scrap, not containing Annex I

materials in concentrations sufficient to exhibit Annex III characteristics 15 B1070 Waste of copper and copper alloys in dispersible form, unless they contain

Annex I constituents to an extent that they exhibit Annex III characteristicsB1090 Waste batteries conforming to a specification, excluding those made with lead,

cadmium or mercuryB1110 Electrical and electronic assemblies:

Electronic assemblies consisting only of metals or alloys

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Waste electrical and electronic assemblies or scrap (including printed circuit boards) not containing components such as accumulators and other batteries included on list A, mercury-switches, glass from cathode-ray tubes and other activated glass and PCB-capacitors, or not contaminated with Annex I constituents (e.g., cadmium, mercury, lead, polychlorinated biphenyl) or from which these have been removed, to an extent that they do not possess any of the characteristics contained in Annex III (note the related entry on list A A1180)

Electrical and electronic assemblies (including printed circuit boards, electronic components and wires) destined for direct reuse, and not for recycling or final disposal

B1120 Spent catalysts excluding liquids used as catalystsB1180 Waste photographic film containing silver halides and metallic silver B1190 Waste photographic paper containing silver halides and metallic silverB1250 Waste end-of-life motor vehicles, containing neither liquids nor hazardous

components

B2 Wastes containing principally inorganic constituents, which may contain metals and organic materials

B2020 Glass waste in non-dispersible form: Cullet and other waste and scrap of glass except for glass from cathode-ray

tubes and other activated glassesB2030 Ceramic wastes in non-dispersible form:

Cermet wastes and scrap (metal ceramic composites) Ceramic based fibres not elsewhere specified or included

B2040 Other wastes containing principally inorganic constituents: Waste gypsum wallboard or plasterboard arising from the demolition of

buildings Sulphur in solid form Sodium, potassium, calcium chlorides Carborundum (silicon carbide) Broken concrete

B2120 Waste acidic or basic solutions with a pH greater than 2 and less than 11.5, which are not corrosive or otherwise hazardous (note the related entry on list A A4090)

B2130 Bituminous material (asphalt waste) from road construction and maintenance, not containing tara (note the related entry on list A, A3200)

B3 Wastes containing principally organic constituents, which may contain metals and inorganic materials B3010 Solid plastic waste:

The following plastic or mixed plastic materials, provided they are not mixed with other wastes and are prepared to a specification:

Scrap plastic of non-halogenated polymers and co-polymers, Cured waste resins or condensation products

B3020 Paper, paperboard and paper product wastesThe following materials, provided they are not mixed with hazardous wastes:

Waste and scrap of paper or paperboard of:

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o unbleached paper or paperboard or of corrugated paper or paperboard

o other paper or paperboard, made mainly of bleached chemical pulp, not coloured in the mass

o paper or paperboard made mainly of mechanical pulp (for example, newspapers, journals and similar printed matter)

B3035 Waste textile floor coverings, carpetsB3040 Rubber wastes

The following materials, provided they are not mixed with other wastes: Waste and scrap of hard rubber (e.g., ebonite) Other rubber wastes (excluding such wastes specified elsewhere)

B3050 Untreated cork and wood waste:B3065 Waste edible fats and oils of animal or vegetable origin (e.g. frying oils),

provided they do not exhibit an Annex III characteristic3080 Waste parings and scrap of rubberB3090 Paring and other wastes of leather or of composition leather not suitable for

the manufacture of leather articles, excluding leather sludges, not containing hexavalent chromium compounds and biocides (note the related entry on list A A3100)

B3140 Waste pneumatic tyres, excluding those destined for Annex IVA operations

B4 Wastes which may contain either inorganic or organic constituents

B4010 Wastes consisting mainly of water-based/latex paints, inks and hardened varnishes not containing organic solvents, heavy metals or biocides to an extent to render them hazardous (note the related entry on list A A4070)

B4020 Wastes from production, formulation and use of resins, latex, plasticizers, glues/adhesives, not listed on list A, free of solvents and other contaminants to an extent that they do not exhibit Annex III characteristics, e.g., water-based, or glues based on casein starch, dextrin, cellulose ethers, polyvinyl alcohols (note the related entry on list A A3050)

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Appendix 2- KOC Monthly Waste Data Form

Asset/Group:…….……………

MONTH ………… YEAR ………

A: Waste Generation:

1. Site / Location of Generated Waste: __________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

2. Waste Generated by Contractor / Company: ___________________________ _______________________________________________________________

a) Name and contact number of Contractor: _____________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

3. Name of Contact Person from Team/Asset for Waste Handling: ___________ _______________________________________________________________Phone No: ________________ Fax No: _______________E-mail Address: __________________________________

B. Waste Treatment:

1. Any Treatment of Waste (Yes/No): ___________ 2. If yes, what type of treatment: ______________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

C. Waste Minimization (eg. Recycling/Reduction/Reuse):

1. Any action taken for Waste Minimization (Yes/No): ___________ 2. If yes, what type of action: _________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

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Name of Waste(e.g. Oil,

Chemical, Effluent- water,

Concrete, Metallic, etc)

Category of Waste(Hazardous / Non –hazardous

)

Nature of Waste

(Flammable, Toxic, Corrosive, Reactive)

Type of Waste(Solid / Liquid / Sludge)

Quantity of Waste(Metri

c Tons)

ActivitiesGenerating Waste (e.g.

Drilling, Maintenanc

e, etc)

Type of Container

(Size & Type- Glass, Plastic, Metal, Fiber,

etc)

Qquantity Recycled (Metric Tons)

Quantity Sent to Landfill (Metric Tons)

Waste Disposal/ Landfill

Site

*Waste quantities are to be calculated and expressed in Metric tons, as per KPC directives. The waste data form must be submitted to H&E team by the last day of each month.

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D. Waste Characterization


Appendix 3

MANAGEMENT OF SPECIFIC WASTE STREAMS

How to use this sectionFor each type of waste generated a table is set out giving key information. It is based on the recommended hierarchy of waste management:

1. Reduce the quantity of waste generated2. Reuse or recycle3. Treat the waste to convert into more benign form4. Dispose only if no other option is practicable

Waste type This describes the waste to be managed. Classification This states whether the waste is considered to be

Hazardous or Non-hazardous.

If hazardous it gives the code number(s) from the Basel Protocol and which are listed in the appendix to the EPA regulations.

Storage This is the recommended method of storing the waste. If the waste is hazardous this method will often be a legal requirement.

Reduction Priority should be given to reducing the quantity of waste generated. This section suggests methods of reducing or eliminating waste.*

Reuse/Recycle If the generation of waste is unavoidable, the next priority is to re-use or recycle it. This section suggests methods of doing this.*

Treatment This section gives information about waste treatment. Such treatment may be necessary before the waste can be disposed (e.g. neutralisation of acids and bases) or may be a means of disposal in itself (e.g. land farming).*

Disposal This lists disposal options. Disposal should only be carried out if all of the above options are not practicable.*

Monitoring/Recording This lists requirements in terms of monitoring (e.g. measurements of waste characteristics to provide assurance that it meets legal requirements) and recording (e.g. records of waste shipments and disposals).

Comments This section gives any other information that may be useful, e.g. recommend PPE.

* N/A in any of these sections indicates that this option is not applicable.

In many cases these tables should give all the information necessary to manage a particular waste stream in compliance with legal and KOC requirements. If methods of waste management, including storage, not shown on the tables are being considered, advice should be sought from the asset HSE Team or the corporate H&E Team.

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List of wastes

Absorbent materials Acid, spent Activated charcoal filter media Aerosol cans Asbestos-containing material Ballast Water Barite Batteries, lead acid Batteries, other Bentonite Biocides, pesticides, herbicides, insecticides Blasting sand/media Boiler Blowdown and Compressor Condensate Blow-out preventer test fluids Catalyst, spent Caustics, used Cement returns Chemicals, surplus or unusable Cleaning wastes Containers, empty Completion, workover, and well treatment fluids Construction/demolition debris Containers, empty Coolants: ethylene glycol or propylene glycol Copier toner, developer, solutions and cartridges Cylinders Debris contaminated by used chemicals Debris, oil contaminated Debris, uncontaminated Diesel, Contaminated Domestic refuse Domestic and sanitary wastewater Drill cuttings Drilling fluids and additives, used Drilling Mud, Water Based Drilling Mud Liquids, Oil or Synthetic Oil Based Drums/containers, containing unused chemicals or lube oil Drums/containers, empty Electrical equipment, Oil filled Filters, lube oil Filters, process Fire fighting agents Fluorescent tubes Food Fracturing fluids, unused Glass

- 9 -


Hydrocarbon liquids Hydrates Hydraulic fluids Hydrotest water Iron sponge and iron sulfide scale, spent Kitchen waste Laboratory samples Laboratory waste Lubricating oil Mercury, free Metals Methanol, used Medical waste Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) Oil, slop Oil, weathered Paint and paint wastes Pallets Paper/cardboard Paraffin PCB, oil Pipe dope, used Plastic Rags, oily Rigwash Ropes Rubber Scale, pipe and equipment Scrap metal, ferrous Scrap metals, other Sediment, Oil/Water Separator Sewage Skimmings, Oil/Water Separator Sludge, Sewage (Biological) Solvents, non-halogenated Solvents, halogenated Tank bottoms (basic sediment and water) Tank Water Draws Thread protectors Tyres Waste Oils Water, Chemically Contaminated Well completion, treatment, and stimulation fluids, unused Wood Wood (treated) Work over wastes

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Waste type Absorbent materials, usedClassification H 4.1 Storage In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous

waste storage area.If contaminated with oil they may be stored with other oily wastes, such as rags.

Reduction Prevent spills and leaks by practicing preventive maintenance and good housekeeping.

Reuse/Recycle Recover and contain used absorbent pads for recycling.Return used absorbent pads to vendor for recycling.

Treatment N/ADisposal Hazardous waste disposal facility.Monitoring/Recording Each use of absorbent should be recorded so that the

current stock is known.Disposal must be recorded using transfer notes.When absorbents are used for cleaning up oil spills the spills must be reported using the Oil Spill Contingency Plan reporting procedure and Incident Reporting Procedure.

Comments Use standard PPE (gloves, overalls) when handling.

Waste type Acid, spentClassification Y34, H 8, B2120Storage In sealed, labelled containers (preferably plastic) in

designated hazardous waste storage area. Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other means of secondary containment, to ensure that any leakage cannot reach the ground.Acids should be segregated from caustics and other materials with which they could react.

Reduction Micro-meter solutions to minimize unused acid (continuous mix versus batch mix).Plan drilling operation to minimize volume of fluid, thereby reducing acid requirements.Use inventory control; e.g., a surplus chemicals exchange network that offers unused chemicals to other company facilities in lieu of disposal.

Reuse/Recycle Use to neutralize excess caustics.Concentrated acids may be returned to the supplier or a commercial recycler for recycling.

Treatment If on site disposal is to be carried out, the acid must first be neutralised. If in doubt, expert advice should be sought.Concentrated acids should be diluted prior to neutralisation. This must be done by adding acid to water. Never add water to acid.

Disposal Inorganic acid wastes may be disposed, after neutralisation, down drains.Other acids may be disposed via a hazardous waste

- 11 -


disposal facility.Monitoring/Recording Check pH of neutralised acid prior to disposal. pH must be

between 6 and 9.Comments Great care should be taken in handling acids, including the

use of correct PPE (gloves, goggles, etc.)

Waste type Activated charcoal filter mediaClassification H 4.1Storage In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous

waste storage area.Reduction N/AReuse/Recycle Return to manufacturer.

Send to recycling facility.Treatment N/ADisposal Hazardous waste disposal facility.Monitoring/Recording Disposal must be recorded using transfer notes.Comments Beware of dust when handling. The wearing of masks may

be necessary.

Waste type Aerosol cansClassification Non-hazardous if empty.Storage Untreated cans should be segregated and may be stored in

any suitable, labelled container. Care should be taken that they are not subject to high temperatures, which can cause them to explode (i.e. do not leave them in sunlight during summer months).If empty they may be stored in skips dedicated to scrap metal.

Reduction Use non-aerosol containers whenever possible.Reuse/Recycle Recycle metal cans at appropriate recycling facility.Treatment Cans should be punctured, to ensure that they are empty

and crushed to reduce the volume.If cans are drained, care should be taken with the storage and disposal of the contents. In particular, incompatible liquids should not be mixed.

Disposal Dispose with scrap metal.Monitoring/Recording Disposal must be recorded using transfer notes.Comments Devices are commercially available for the puncture,

drainage and crushing of cans.

Waste type Asbestos-containing material Classification Y36, H11, A2050Storage Double bagged, in sealed, labelled containers in designated

hazardous waste storage area.Reduction Purchase asbestos-free products and equipment.

Maintain to keep friable (brittle) asbestos from becoming exposed (e.g., encapsulation). Mark materials which contain asbestos.

Reuse/Recycle N/A

- 12 -


Treatment N/ADisposal To hazardous waste disposal facilityMonitoring/Recording Consult H&E Team on requirements for environmental

and occupational hygiene monitoring.Disposal must be recorded using transfer notes.

Comments The H&E Team must be informed of all asbestos disposal operations.Suspected asbestos must not be disturbed.Removal of asbestos waste is a specialised job, which must be carried out by a licensed contractor.

Waste type Ballast WaterClassification N/AStorage N/AReduction N/AReuse/Recycle N/ATreatment On board treatment device (oil/water separator), if fitted.Disposal To sea.Monitoring/Recording Sampling should be carried out to ensure that ballast water

is within permitted limits.Records should be kept of all instances of taking on, discharging or exchanging ballast.

Comments

Waste type BariteClassification Non-hazardousStorage Obtain barite in bulk containers to minimise packaging.

If obtained in bags, excess may be stored in the bags that it was supplied in. Storage should be in a sheltered, dry area. Care should be taken to ensure powder is not blown around the site.

Reduction Plan well to match supply with demand.Use solids control to minimise loss of mud.

Reuse/Recycle Use any excess remaining from one well on subsequent wells.If no use within KOC can be found, return excess to supplier.

Treatment N/ADisposal Avoid disposal, if possible.

May be disposed as a non-hazardous waste in an approved landfill site.

Monitoring/Recording Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer notes.

Comments Care should be taken with supply contracts to ensure that barite is supplied in bulk and that obligations are placed on the supplier to take back excess materials.Ensure rig sites have enough space for the storage of bulk containers.If possible, source barite from supplies with low associated

- 13 -


heavy metal content.

Waste type Batteries, lead acid Classification A1160Storage Store indoors. Avoid stockpiling.

Place same-size batteries on pallets and separate layers with a shock-absorbing material. Shrink-wrap, band and properly label.Store batteries upright to protect against acid leaks through vent holes.Stack batteries pole side out to increase stack stability.Stack batteries in layers preferably three high and no more than five high.Place cracked or leaking batteries in an acid-resistant, leak-proof container such as a sturdy plastic tote.

Reduction Use other sources of electrical current whenever possible.Reuse/Recycle Trade in old batteries for new.

Return to vendor. When batteries are permanently taken out of service, send for recycling as soon as possible.Leaking batteries must be shipped in leak-proof containers, separately from intact batteries.

Treatment N/ADisposal AvoidMonitoring/Recording Shipment must be recorded using transfer notes.Comments Small acid spills should be contained and can be

neutralized using lime or bicarbonate soda.Internal liquid is poisonous and corrosive.Wear goggles and chemical resistant gloves when handling.

Waste type Batteries, otherIncludes nickel-cadmium, lithium alkali, and lead-acid

Classification A1170Storage Sealed drums, or other sealed container.Reduction Use other sources of electrical current whenever possible.

Purchase long-life batteries to decrease the number needed.Use rechargeable batteries.

Reuse/Recycle Return to vendor or manufacturer.When batteries are permanently taken out of service, send to recycler as soon as possible.

Treatment N/ADisposal Avoid, if possible.

Small quantities may be mixed with general waste.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer

notes.Comments

Waste type BentoniteClassification Non-hazardous

- 14 -


Storage Obtain in bulk containers to minimise packaging.If obtained in bags, excess may be stored in the bags that it was supplied in. Storage should be in a sheltered, dry area. Care should be taken to ensure powder is not blown around the site.

Reduction Plan well to match supply with demand.Use solids control to minimise loss of mud.

Reuse/Recycle Use any excess remaining from one well on subsequent wells.Return excess to supplier.

Treatment N/ADisposal Avoid disposal, if possible.

May be disposed as a non-hazardous waste in an approved landfill site.

Monitoring/Recording Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer notes.

Comments Care should be taken with supply contracts to ensure that bentonite is supplied in bulk and that obligations are placed on the supplier to take back excess materials.Ensure the rig is specified with enough space for the storage of bulk containers.

Waste type Biocides, pesticides, herbicides, insecticides (used for site or facility maintenance)

Classification Y4, H 11, H 12, A4030Storage Store in the containers in which they were supplied, in a

designated, segregated area of the hazardous waste storage area.Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other means of secondary containment, to ensure that any leakage cannot reach the ground.

Reduction Use a commercial application service.Properly store and label containers to prevent degradation and contamination.Use all contents/material and then triple rinse the container. Use rinsate as originally intended for the material.Practice good inventory control. Use excess at another facility.

Reuse/Recycle Return unused chemicals to vendor for recycling.Send unusable chemicals to a recycler.

Treatment N/ADisposal Hazardous waste facility.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer

notes.Comments Ensure correct PPE is used when handling.

Waste type Blasting sand/mediaClassification May be hazardous if contaminated with heavy metals (H

- 15 -


11, A1020, A1030), otherwise non-hazardousStorage Store in sheltered area to prevent wind blown dust.Reduction Use coatings that do not require sandblasting.

Use alternative methods to reduce unnecessary sandblasting (e.g., use a paint that does not require sandblast preparation, cathodic protection from corrosion rather than paint, use tanks constructed of materials that do not need to be painted).Brush-blast and paint instead of blasting to base metal.Reduce blasting/painting frequency.Substitute suitable wastes (e.g., copper slag) for virgin blast media.Use dry ice pellets or recyclable media for some applications.Use lead-free paint or paints with lower levels of other metals.Buy in bulk hoppers to minimize sacks and pallets.Insure that purchased sandblast grit does not contain metal or other contaminants.Do not allow contractors to conduct unnecessary sandblasting and painting of their equipment on site.

Reuse/Recycle If permissible, send to a cement kiln as a substitute for feedstock.Separate from blasted paint waste and reuse blast media.Use as aggregate in road mix, if permissible.If uncontaminated and permissible, use on site as a substitute for virgin fill material.

Treatment N/ADisposal Hazardous waste disposal site unless tests confirm that the

waste is non-hazardous.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer

notes.Comments Sand blasting should not normally be carried out on KOC

sites; alternative media should be used. The H&E Team must be informed of any blasting operations.

Waste type Boiler Blowdown and Compressor CondensateClassification May be hazardous (H 6.1, H 8, H 11, H 12), depending on

LC50 toxicity test.Storage Dedicated vessel or in sealed, labelled containers in

designated hazardous waste storage area.Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other means of secondary containment, to ensure that any leakage cannot reach the ground.

Reduction N/AReuse/Recycle Not suitable for recycling.Treatment Neutralization with acids may be necessary prior to

disposal.Disposal Boiler blowdown shall be discharged to the wastewater

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treatment facility.Monitoring/Recording Check for pH and oil content, if contamination is possible.Comments Waste is composed primarily of wastewater containing

water-softening chemicals and has a high pH; it is also likely to contain oil in emulsified form.Wear goggles and chemically resistant gloves when handling.

Waste type Blow-out preventer test fluidsClassification A3020Storage In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous

waste storage area.Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other means of secondary containment, to ensure that any leakage cannot reach the ground.

Reduction Collect leakage to avoid soil contamination.Reuse/Recycle Return test fluids to system if uncontaminated.Treatment Fluids are normally flared during the test procedure.Disposal Residual fluids should be drained and returned to the

hazardous waste disposal facility.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer

notes.Comments

Waste type Catalyst, spentClassification B1120Storage In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous

waste storage area.Reduction Substitute a less hazardous catalyst.

Use catalyst completely before removing from system.Operate the system to prevent contamination.

Reuse/Recycle Regenerate spent catalyst, if possible.Send to recycler for metals recovery.If uncontaminated and permissible, use on site as fill material.

Treatment N/ADisposal Hazardous waste disposal facility.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer

notes.Comments

Waste type Caustics, usedClassification Y35, H 8, B2120Storage In sealed, labelled containers (normally plastic) in

designated hazardous waste storage area, ensuring that they are segregated from acids and other incompatible wastes.If the caustic is liquid, the containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other means of secondary containment, to ensure that any leakage cannot reach the

- 17 -


ground.Reduction For gas treatment, consider alternate recyclable products.

Plan drilling operation to minimize volume of fluid, thereby reducing caustic requirements.Use inventory control; e.g., a surplus chemicals exchange network that offers unused chemicals to other company facilities in lieu of disposal.

Reuse/Recycle Return unused caustic to vendor.Reuse to neutralize excess acids.

Treatment Caustics should be neutralized before disposal.Disposal Neutralized solutions may be disposed to drains.

If solutions are not neutralized they must be disposed through the hazardous waste contractor.

Monitoring/Recording Neutralised solutions should be checked to ensure pH is between 6 and 9.

Comments If dilution is necessary it should always be done by adding the caustic to water, never water to caustic.

Waste type Cement returnsClassification Normally non-hazardousStorage Dedicated vessel.Reduction Calculate cement needs carefully to excess cement

mixture.Use cement in other projects, such as erosion prevention.Require vendors to use non-hazardous cement additives

Reuse/Recycle Return unused dry cement to vendor.Solid cement may be reclaimed if not contaminated.

Treatment N/ADisposal Approved non-hazardous landfill site.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer

notes.Comments Be aware of risk of solidification in storage vessels.

Waste type Chemicals, surplus or unusable(May be hazardous)

Classification Normally H 6.1 and/or H 11Storage Each chemical should be stored separately, preferably in

the container in which it was supplied.Storage should be in a dedicated hazardous waste storage area.Containers of liquids should stand in or above a drip tray, or other means of secondary containment, to ensure that any leakage cannot reach the ground. Incompatible chemicals should be stored apart.

Reduction Use inventory control; e.g., a surplus chemicals exchange network that offers unused chemicals to other company facilities in lieu of recycling, treatment or disposal. Label and store chemicals properly (e.g., protect containers from weather and keep covered).

- 18 -


Purchase chemicals in bulk with supplier retaining ownership of containers.Calculate chemical needs carefully to avoid surplus.Use all of the product. Transfer for use at other sites or find alternate uses.Use non-hazardous products whenever possible.Minimize the use and variety of similar-use chemicals when one chemical is suitable.

Reuse/Recycle Return surplus to vendor.Donate surplus laboratory chemicals to a school or college.Send to a recycler.

Treatment Dependent on chemical.Not normally applicable.

Disposal To approved hazardous waste disposal contractor.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer

notes.Comments Care should be taken with supply contracts to ensure that

chemicals are supplied in bulk whenever practicable and that obligations are placed on the supplier to take back excess materials.Ensure the rig is specified with enough space for the storage of bulk containers.

Waste type Cleaning wastesClassification May be H 6.1 and/or H 11Storage In sealed, labelled containers. If hazardous, these should

be stored in a dedicated hazardous wastes storage area segregated from incompatible wastes.If the waste is liquid, containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other means of secondary containment, to ensure that any leakage cannot reach the ground.

Reduction Minimize drips, leaks and spills by practicing good housekeeping.Wipe with recyclable rags rather than washing with cleanser or chemical.Use high pressure, low volume washing equipment.Avoid use of cleaning solvents whenever possible.

Reuse/Recycle Regenerate cleansers or cleaning solvents for reuse.Send to a recycler.

Treatment N/ADisposal To approved hazardous/non-hazardous waste disposal

facility.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer

notes.Comments

Waste type Completion, workover, and well treatment fluidsClassification May be hazardous, dependent on material involved.Storage In sealed, labelled containers or dedicated vessels in

- 19 -


designated hazardous waste storage area, if appropriate.Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other means of secondary containment, to ensure that any leakage cannot reach the ground.

Reduction Plan the job carefully to reduce excess fluids.Use less toxic substitutes for chemicals and products.Use improved acidizing technology and inhibition technology to decrease the frequency of well workovers and formation treatments.Use leftover, excess fluids on other jobs.

Reuse/Recycle Return all unused treatment fluids to the supplier.Treatment N/ADisposal Hazardous waste disposal facility unless confirmed as non-

hazardous.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer

notes.Comments Consult H&E Team if in doubt as to the hazardous nature

and disposal options for the material.

Waste type Construction/demolition debrisIncludes: Spoil, vegetation, wood

Classification Non-hazardousStorage In designated non-hazardous waste storage area.

Segregate metal waste and handle separately.Reduction Plan site to minimize size.

Minimize demolition requirements.Consider portable pads or skid-mounted equipment.Use high-density polyethylene liners rather than concrete.

Reuse/Recycle Crush uncontaminated concrete for use as aggregate.Compost vegetation and use as soil supplement. Chip uncontaminated wood to use as mulch.Sell for reuse.

Treatment N/ADisposal Approved non -hazardous landfill.Monitoring/Recording Disposal must be recorded in asset log or using transfer

notes.Comments

Waste type Containers, empty Classification Non-hazardous, if clean.Storage Containers shall be empty of all free liquids prior to

disposal.To be considered empty if: all hydrocarbon waste has been removed that can be

removed by mechanical means; there is < 1” residue or 3% by weight of the total capacity of the container (less than 110 gal) remains.

container held a corrosive, it shall be triple rinsed and the rinsate must be handled as a hazardous waste if it

- 20 -


exhibits the characteristics. container held an acute hazardous waste (other than

corrosive), container must be cleaned by another method before it can be considered empty.

Reduction Buy materials in bulk, whenever practicable.Reuse/Recycle Metal, plastic and glass containers should be recycled

whenever practicable.Treatment Containers will normally be crushed, to reduce volume,

prior to storage.If containers are drained, care should be taken with the storage and disposal of the contents. In particular, incompatible liquids should not be mixed.

Disposal Non hazardous landfill site.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer

notes.Comments

Waste type Coolants: ethylene glycol or propylene glycolClassification H 11Storage In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous


Reduction Use a less toxic substitute for ethylene glycol (e.g., propylene glycol).

Reuse/Recycle Regenerate on site by filtration (if not thermally degraded).Send to a recycler.

Treatment N/ADisposal Hazardous waste disposal facility.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer

notes.Comments Coolants are water-soluble and therefore not suitable for

discharge to an oil/water separator. They may also contain toxic compounds or impurities, so it shall not be allowed to enter storm drains, surface water, or an on-site septic tank system.

Waste type Copier toner, developer, solutions and cartridgesClassification Assume to be hazardous unless established otherwise.Storage In original packaging, if possible.

Take care to avoid spillage of fluids.Reduction Buy recycled cartridges.

Buy what you need and use what you buy.Reuse/Recycle Return empty containers and used components to the

supplier or manufacturer.Treatment N/ADisposal AvoidMonitoring/Recording Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer

- 21 -


notes.Comments Return of used materials to suppliers/manufacturer should

be co-ordinated centrally.

Waste type Debris contaminated by used chemicalsClassification May be hazardous (e.g. H 11, H 12), depending on type

and degree of contamination.Storage In dedicated waste storage areas, hazardous or non-

hazardous, as appropriate. Primary containment in skips or sealed containers may be necessary depending on nature of contamination.

Reduction Use proper containers, keep lids on containers and store properly to prevent overflow or spillage.Install containment to allow for better recovery of spills.

Reuse/Recycle N/ATreatment Contamination by organic materials, such as solvents, may

be reduced by landfarming.Disposal If hazardous disposal must be via a hazardous waste

disposal facility. Otherwise at an approved non-hazardous disposal site.

Monitoring/Recording Leachate test may be necessary to determine classification.All shipments and disposals must be recorded using waste transfer notes.

Comments Contact H&E Team for expert advice.

Waste type Debris, oil contaminatedClassification H 4.1Storage In sealed containers in hazardous waste storage area.Reduction Develop operational procedures that prevent contamination

with crude oil by keeping areas clear of debris.Use leak-proof storage containers.

Reuse/Recycle N/ATreatment Landfarming may be possible, depending on type of debris.Disposal Hazardous waste disposal facility.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and/or disposal must be recorded using transfer

notes.Comments

Waste type Debris, uncontaminatedClassification Normally non-hazardousStorage Store in labelled containers/skips.

Do not mix with material that is contaminated or may be hazardous.

ReductionReuse/Recycle Recycle paper, metal, cardboard, aluminium cans

whenever possible.TreatmentDisposal Approved non-hazardous waste disposal area.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors

- 22 -


must be recorded using transfer notes.Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.

Comments

Waste type Diesel, Contaminated Classification H 3Storage In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous


Reduction Ensure diesel storage vessels are well maintained and regularly inspected.

Reuse/Recycle Return to recycling facility or direct to refinery.Introduce into product stream.

Treatment N/ADisposal Avoid.

Use hazardous waste disposal facility only as a last resort.Monitoring/Recording Shipment must be recorded using transfer notes.Comments

Waste type Domestic refuseIncludes: Food waste, packaging material, paper, plastic, styrofoam, cooking oils and greases, and other trash

Classification Non-hazardousClassified as Y47 if collected from households.

Storage Segregate recyclable materials.Store in skips or drums.Do not mix household chemicals, e.g. vinegar and bleach.

Reduction Reduce packaging; buy in bulk.Purchase and prepare only what is needed; avoid surplus.Purchase higher quality materials with longer use cycles.Use washable mugs, cups, plates, and utensils.Prepare fewer fried foods.Copy on both sides of the paper (duplex copying).Purchase recycled/recyclable materials.Use microbes and enzymes to control grease in traps.

Reuse/Recycle Obtain agreements to send packaging waste back to the vendor for reuse or recycling.Set up recycle bins for wood, paper, newspapers, plastic, glass, cardboard, aluminium, and other metals (i.e., food cans).Reuse waste paper or styrofoam as packaging materials and fillers.Send used cooking oils, grease and fat to a rendering or reclamation facility for reuse.Compost food and other biodegradable waste to use as soil additive.

Treatment N/A

- 23 -


Disposal To approved waste disposal facility if waste contains putrifiable materials (e.g. food). If waste is inert, it may be disposed of on company approved disposal site.

Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors must be recorded using transfer notes.Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.

Comments

Waste type Domestic and sanitary wastewaterClassification H 6.2Storage N/AReduction Use low flow and low water use toilets, showers and

faucets.Repair or replace leaking equipment.

Reuse/Recycle Use treated water as facility washdown water or to water grasses, plants, etc.Use digested sewage sludge for agricultural purpose, if permissible.

Treatment On site biological treatment unit, if fittedDisposal Untreated effluent should be taken to a municipal sewage

treatment plant.Treated effluent may be discharged to drains or to sea.

Monitoring/Recording Samples of effluent may need to be taken to check compliance with regulatory requirements.Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors must be recorded using transfer notes.

Comments Detergents and cleaning agent must not interfere with the operation of the effluent plant. Chlorine bleaches should be avoided as should some enzyme containing cleaners.

Waste type Drill cuttingsClassification Hazardous (H 11, H 13) unless leach test proves otherwise.Storage Open top skip or other bulk storage container.Reduction Minimize hole size (if feasible) when drilling.

Drill horizontal holes if feasible to reduce number of wells required.Carefully design and monitor drilling mud programs to minimize caving, etc.Substitute organic additives, polymers, or biodegradable additives for oil-based mud to reduce costs associated with cleanup of oil-based drill cuttings.Optimise solids control to ensure that the amount of mud associated with the cuttings is minimised.

Reuse/Recycle Treated cuttings may be used as construction materials or for in-fill.

Treatment The following treatment options are not suitable if oil based muds are used:- Landfarming. Thermal desorption.

- 24 -


Disposal Re-inject if practicableIf cuttings are non-hazardous they may be disposed of at an approved KOC disposal site.If cuttings are hazardous they must be taken to a hazardous waste disposal facility.

Monitoring/Recording Leach tests may be required to determine whether the cuttings are considered to be hazardous.Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors must be recorded using transfer notes.Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.

Comments

Waste type Drilling fluids and additives, usedClassification Hazardous (H 11, H 13), unless toxicity test confirms

otherwiseStorage In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous


Reduction Use a closed-loop mud system whenever possible to reduce volumes of drilling fluid wastes.Use solids control technology (e.g., chemically enhanced centrifuge) to recover water from drilling mud and reserve pit.Optimize solids control (e.g., hydrocyclones or centrifuges) to minimize need to dilute mud.Use low solids, non-dispersed muds whenever drilling conditions allow it.Use an inside-diameter wiping tool for drill pipe to minimize loss of drilling fluid (can save approximately 0.4 barrels of drilling fluid per 1,000 feet of drill pipe).Use inventory control and careful planning to avoid unused materials.Use all of the product whenever possible.Transfer unused additives for use at other sites.Use products low in toxicity whenever possible.Carefully screen barite weighting agents for naturally occurring concentrations of heavy metals, particularly mercury and cadmium.Substitute organic additives, polymers, or biodegradable additives for oil-based mud to reduce toxicity.Use lubricants such as lubra beads and gilsonite-based additives for spotting fluids, rather than diesel oil.

Reuse/Recycle Have a drilling mud recycler pick up waste drilling mud for reconditioning and reuse.Condition mud for reuse in drilling next well.Reuse waste drilling mud for upcoming well spudding or plugging operations.Return surplus additives to vendor.

- 25 -


Return oil-based mud to vendor for recycling.Reuse water-based mud whenever possible.

Treatment N/ADisposal Certified hazardous waste disposal facility.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors or

suppliers must be recorded using transfer notes.Comments Care should be taken with supply contracts to ensure that

whenever possible materials are supplied in bulk and that obligations are placed on the supplier to take back excess.

Waste type Drilling Mud, Water BasedClassification Hazardous (H 11, H 12) unless toxicity test confirms

otherwiseStorage In bulk containers.Reduction Use a closed-loop mud system whenever possible to reduce

volumes of drilling fluid wastes.Use solids control technology (e.g., chemically enhanced centrifuge) to recover water from drilling mud and reserve pit.Optimize solids control (e.g., hydrocyclones or centrifuges) to minimize need to dilute mud.Use low solids, non-dispersed muds whenever drilling conditions allow it.Use an inside-diameter wiping tool for drill pipe to minimize loss of drilling fluid (can save approximately 0.4 barrels of drilling fluid per 1,000 feet of drill pipe).Use inventory control and careful planning to avoid unused materials.Use all of the product whenever possible.Transfer unused additives for use at other sites.Use products low in toxicity whenever possible.Carefully screen barite weighting agents for naturally occurring concentrations of heavy metals, particularly mercury and cadmium.

Reuse/Recycle Have a drilling mud recycler pick up waste drilling mud for reconditioning and reuse.Condition mud for reuse in drilling next well.Reuse waste drilling mud for upcoming well spudding or plugging operations.Return surplus additives to vendor.Reuse water-based mud whenever possible.



whenever possible materials are supplied in bulk and that obligations are placed on the supplier to take back excess.Ensure the rig is specified with enough space for the

- 26 -


storage of bulk containers.

Waste type Drilling Mud Liquids, Oil or Synthetic Oil BasedClassification Hazardous (H 11, H 12) unless toxicity test confirms

otherwiseStorage Store in bulk whenever practicable. If this is not possible

used mud should be stored in sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous waste storage area.Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other means of secondary containment, to ensure that any leakage cannot reach the ground.

Reduction Use a closed-loop mud system whenever possible to reduce volumes of drilling fluid wastes.Use solids control technology (e.g., chemically enhanced centrifuge) to recover water from drilling mud and reserve pit.Optimize solids control (e.g., hydrocyclones or centrifuges) to minimize need to dilute mud.Use low solids, non-dispersed muds whenever drilling conditions allow it.Use an inside-diameter wiping tool for drill pipe to minimize loss of drilling fluid (can save approximately 0.4 barrels of drilling fluid per 1,000 feet of drill pipe).Use inventory control and careful planning to avoid unused materials.Use all of the product whenever possible.Transfer unused additives for use at other sites.Use products low in toxicity whenever possible.Carefully screen barite weighting agents for naturally occurring concentrations of heavy metals, particularly mercury and cadmium.Substitute organic additives, polymers, or biodegradable additives for oil-based mud to reduce toxicity.Use lubricants such as lubra beads and gilsonite-based additives for spotting fluids, rather than diesel oil.

Reuse/Recycle Have a drilling mud recycler pick up waste drilling mud for reconditioning and reuse.Condition mud for reuse in drilling next well.Reuse waste drilling mud for upcoming well spudding or plugging operations.Return surplus additives to vendor.Return mud to vendor for recycling.



whenever possible materials are supplied in bulk and that obligations are placed on the supplier to take back excess.Ensure the rig is specified with enough space for the

- 27 -


storage of bulk containers.

Waste type Drums/containers, containing unused chemicals or lube oil

Classification Contents may be hazardous (refer to appropriate table)Storage If appropriate, store in designated hazardous waste storage

area.Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other means of secondary containment, to ensure that any leakage cannot reach the ground.

Reduction Use the remaining chemical or lube oil for its intended propose whenever possible before disposing of drum. (See Chemicals, surplus.)Switch to purchase of chemicals in bulk containers, reducing the amount of drums requiring handling. Added benefit: less drum handling results in fewer spills and releases requiring cleanup of contaminated soil or debris.

Reuse/Recycle Return unused chemical, in original drum/container (properly sealed and labelled), to vendor.Reuse cleaned drums for other purposes (e.g., storage and transfer of non-hazardous waste).If drum can be properly emptied: triple rinse, and recycle drum (add the rinse water to the chemical stream).Recycle empty drums/containers whenever possible.

Treatment If drums are not suitable for re-use they may be crushed to reduce their volume.

Disposal To certified hazardous waste disposal facility.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Comments

Waste type Drums/containers, emptyClassification Non-hazardous if cleanStorage If clean, may be stored in non-hazardous waste storage

area. Reduction Switch to purchase of materials and chemicals in bulk

containers, reducing the amount of drums requiring handling. Added benefit: less drum handling results in fewer spills and releases requiring cleanup (of contaminated soil).Purchase materials in returnable/recyclable drums and containers.

Reuse/Recycle Return undamaged drums/containers to vendor or send to a drum reconditioner/recycler.Reuse uncontaminated drums for other purposes (e.g., storage and transfer of nonhazardous waste).

Treatment Containers shall be empty of all free liquids prior to disposal.

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To be considered empty if: all hydrocarbon waste has been removed that can be

removed by mechanical means; there is < 1” residue or 3% by weight of the total capacity of the container (less than 110 gal) remains.

container held a corrosive, it shall be triple rinsed and the rinsate must be handled as a hazardous waste if it exhibits the characteristics.

container held an acute hazardous waste (other than corrosive), container must be cleaned by another method before it can be considered empty.If drums are not suitable for re-use they may be crushed to reduce their volume.

Disposal Approved KOC waste disposal site.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Comments

Waste type Electrical equipment, oil-filled (less than 50 parts per million polychlorinated biphenyl content) and out of serviceIncludes: Capacitors, transformers, switches, heat transfer fluids

Classification A1180Storage In skips, or other suitable containers, in designated

hazardous waste storage area. Sealed containers should be labelled.

Reduction If putting back into service, do not refill or service with oils containing more than 50 ppm PCBs.

Reuse/Recycle Refurbish and reuse or sell for reuse.Recycle oils into production stream.Send scrap equipment to a metal recycler.Burn oil for energy recovery if permissible (PCB content may prohibit this option; check appropriate regulations).

Treatment N/ADisposal Approved hazardous waste facility - only as a last option.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors

must be recorded using transfer notes.Comments

Waste type Filters, lube oilClassification H 11Storage In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous

waste storage area.Reduction When handling filters, take precautions to prevent oil

spillage and the contamination of soil, etc.Change filters only when necessary. Use differential pressure as an indicator of needed change.

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Use stainless steel, reusable filters.Evaluate applicability of filterless centrifugal oil cleaning. (Use "spinners" to replace or lengthen oil filter life.)Install lubricating oil purification equipment to reduce frequency of conventional filter replacement.

Reuse/Recycle Isolate all drained fluids in a resealable container for recycling. (See Oil, Lube.)Before recycling spent filters, drain all free liquids from the cartridge or filter media into a container. Oil filters should be punctured on the dome end and allowed to "hot-drain" for 12 to 24 hours. Hot draining is simply draining the filters immediately after taking them off a hot engine.Send to a recycling facility.

Treatment Drain—no free flowing liquids—prior to loading in the filter containerSpin-on, steel encased type filters: best procedure is to puncture the dome end of the warm filter, invert and drain for 8 hours or longer or until the filter stops dripping. If unable to puncture, drain upright for 24 or more hours. Cool filters require longer drain time.Exotics (filters with activated carbon, fiberglass, or ceramic clay filter elements) shall also be drained and will possibly need to be segregated from other filters if the event filters are recycled.

Disposal Crushing the filter after this process will remove even more oil. After draining, the filters should be stored in a sealed, labeled container. Many recycling operators will provide you with these storage containers. If recycling is not a viable option, drained filters may be landfilled as a nonhazardous waste.


Comments

Waste type Filters, processClassification May be hazardous, depending on usage.Storage In sealed, labelled containers in designated (hazardous)

waste storage area.Reduction Use or retrofit with stainless steel, reusable filters to reduce

the volume of filters requiring recycling or disposal.Change filters only when necessary. Use differential pressure as an indicator of needed change.Evaluate applicability of filterless centrifugal oil cleaning. (Use "spinners" to replace or lengthen oil filter life.)

Reuse/Recycle Before disposing of spent filters, drain all free liquids from the cartridge or filter media into a container. Recycle back through production stream, on the lease from which the filters are generated.

Treatment N/A

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Disposal Certified hazardous waste facility.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Waste type Fire fighting agentsClassification May be hazardous (H 12)Storage In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous

waste storage area, if appropriate.If the agents are liquid, the containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other means of secondary containment, to ensure that any leakage cannot reach the ground.

Reduction Convert to less toxic alternatives.Eliminate the use of halon extinguishers.Avoid the use of dry agents when water will suffice.

Reuse/Recycle Contact with vendor to maintain fire fighting equipment and take back all unused fire fighting agents.

Treatment N/ADisposal Return to supplier or send to certified hazardous waste

facility.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors

must be recorded using transfer notes.Comments Fluoroprotein and similar agents, although not toxic, are

potentially polluting to water courses due to their high BOD.

Waste type Fluorescent tubesClassification B2020Storage Tubes should normally be stored intact. Special containers

are commercially available for this purpose.ReductionReuse/Recycle Return to manufacturer or to specialist company for

recycling.Treatment Tubes may be crushed, in order to save space, but this is

not recommended unless specialist equipment is used.Disposal Certified hazardous waste disposal facility.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Comments Tubes contain mercury, which if released is a health hazard.

Waste type FoodClassification Non-hazardousStorage Avoid storage. Dispose as soon as practicable.Reduction Reduce packaging; buy in bulk.

Purchase and prepare only what is needed; avoid surplus.Prepare fewer fried foods.

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Use microbes and enzymes to control grease in traps.Reuse/Recycle Send used cooking oils, grease and fat to a rendering or

reclamation facility for reuse.Compost food and other biodegradable waste to use as soil additive.

Treatment N/ADisposal To certified disposal facility.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Waste type Fracturing fluids, unusedClassification H 11, A3020Storage In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous


Reduction Use "mix-on-the-fly" systems for frac fluids.Plan frac job carefully to avoid mixing unnecessary fluids.

Reuse/Recycle Recycle unused oil back into production stream.Treatment N/ADisposal Certified hazardous waste disposal facility.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Comments

Waste type GlassClassification B2020Storage If glass is to be recycled, it may be necessary to store clear

and coloured glass separately.Reduction Buy materials in bulk, to reduce the number of containers.Reuse/Recycle Return to recycling centreTreatment N/ADisposal May be landfilled, but only as a last resort.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Comments

Waste type Hydrocarbon liquidsClassification Y8 Storage In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous

waste storage area. Container may need to be fitted with a flame arrestor if the contents are highly flammable.Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other means of secondary containment, to ensure that any leakage cannot reach the ground.

- 32 -


ReductionReuse/Recycle Reclaim and manage as product.

Blend with product.Treatment N/ADisposal Hazardous waste facility.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Comments

Waste type Hydrates ClassificationStorage In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous


Reduction Inject methanol or glycol to inhibit hydrate formation.Melt in place.

Reuse/Recycle Return to water treating system to recover any contained hydrocarbons.

TreatmentDisposal Hazardous waste facility.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Comments

Waste type Hydraulic fluidsClassification Y8, A3020Storage In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous


Reduction Reduce risk of leaks by ensuring equipment is well maintained and hoses regularly inspected.

Reuse/Recycle Introduce into production stream at facility where generated.Recycle whenever possible.



Comments Consider use of biodegradable fluids, which are less harmful to the environment if spilt.

Waste type Hydrotest water

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Classification Non-hazardousStorage Not normally practical, although storage may be possible

in ponds.Reduction Conduct tests only when necessary. Use of "smart pigs" or

ultrasonic devices to test wall thickness or holidays may enable better targeting of pipeline sections requiring pressure testing or replacement.Efficiently pig and pre-clean pipelines prior to hydrotesting to reduce the toxicity of the hydrotest water.Use produced water for hydrotesting rather than fresh water (reduction in use of water).Avoid chemical treatments where possible.Select treatment chemicals with low toxicity.Hydrostatic tank tests shall be performed when possible following tank cleaning in order to minimize contamination.-

Reuse/Recycle Reuse hydrotest water in other tests.Treatment Neutralize, if necessary.Disposal To sea.Monitoring/Recording Conduct testing to ensure water meets water quality

standards.Comments Model at point of release to confirm that discharge is

adequately dispersed.

Waste type Iron sponge and iron sulfide scale, spentClassificationStorage In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous

waste storage area.Reduction Consider alternative methods of removing hydrogen

sulfide from gas stream.Treat production streams with biocide or scale inhibitor to reduce iron sulfide formation.

Reuse/RecycleTreatmentDisposal Hazardous waste facility.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Comments This is unlikely to be a significant problem as gas streams are low in H2S.

Waste type Laboratory samplesClassification Hazardous, unless it can be demonstrated otherwise.Storage It may be necessary to segregate wastes, either to prevent

reaction of incompatible wastes or when wastes have differing recycling, treatment or disposal requirements.Where appropriate, wastes may be aggregated into bulk containers, such as drums.

Reduction Collect only the amount necessary for analysis.

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Minimize testing; sample and analyze no more often than required.Use test methods /procedures which generate no or less waste (e.g., colorimetric testing).Use process knowledge instead of testing.

Reuse/Recycle Depends on nature of waste.TreatmentDisposal Hazardous waste facilityMonitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Comments

Waste type Laboratory wasteClassification Hazardous, unless it can be demonstrated otherwise.Storage It may be necessary to segregate wastes, either to prevent

reaction of incompatible wastes or when wastes have differing recycling, treatment or disposal requirements.Where appropriate, wastes may be aggregated into bulk containers, such as drums.

Reduction Segregate waste chemicals (i.e., keep hazardous and nonhazardous waste chemicals separate) to reduce the amount of hazardous waste for management.Buy only the amount and size necessary.Use test methods which generate less or no waste.

Reuse/Recycle Sell excess unused chemicals.Send laboratory wastes to a recycler.Provide excess laboratory chemicals to schools for their use.



Comments

Waste type Lubricating oilClassification Y8, A3020Storage In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous


Reduction Minimize the volume of lube oil by extending its use.Test oil and extend its use based on wear vs. accumulated operating hours. (Note: Many lubricating oil suppliers offer testing service at no charge.)Install lubricating oil purification equipment on engines to eliminate the need for lubricating oil changes.

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Practice preventative maintenance to reduce leaks and drips.Contract with service company to purify and regenerate oil for reuse rather than replacing with new lubricating oil.Consider use of synthetic oil.Use oil additives that improve engine and oil performance.

Reuse/Recycle Recycle back into production stream on facility where generated. (Note: Ensure that no conflict arises with purchaser or refiner.)Send to a recycling facility.

TreatmentDisposal Hazardous wastes facility.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Comments

Waste type Mercury, freeClassification Y29, H11, A1030Storage Metallic mercury and mercury compounds shall be

collected in thick-walled high-density polyethylene containers. These should be stored within a second container. Both containers should be kept closed, clearly labelled, and brought to the hazardous waste storage area for mercury contaminated waste in preparation for disposal.

Reduction Replace mercury manometers, level switches, flow meters and gas meters with electronic (digital) instruments.Do not use mercury in operations.

Reuse/Recycle Send to mercury recycler.Treatment N/ADisposal N/AMonitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Waste type Methanol, usedClassification H 3Storage In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous


Reduction Use all of the product whenever possible.Reuse/Recycle Send to a recycling facility.Treatment N\ADisposal Hazardous waste facility.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors

must be recorded using transfer notes.

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Disposal within KOC must be recorded in asset records.Comments Soluble in water. Do not allow to enter drains. Poisonous.

Wear goggles and chemical resistant gloves.

Waste type Medical wasteClassification Y1, H6.2, A4020Storage Collect in double bagged fiberboard boxes with the

biohazard label.Sharps should be collected in “Sharps” containers.Move to hazardous waste storage area in preparation for disposal.Avoid long storage periods.

Reduction N\AReuse/Recycle N\ATreatment N\ADisposal Local hospital or other facility that has a hazardous waste

incinerator.With agreement from the authorities (MoE), it may be acceptable to dispose of small quantities of medical waste in an on site incinerator.


Comments

Waste type Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM), NORM-containing materials

ClassificationStorage In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous

waste storage area.Reduction Periodic monitoring for accumulations of NORM may

minimize potential risks and liabilities.Use scale inhibitors where NORM scale accumulates. Circulate inhibitor in well or inject inhibitor into producing formation.Avoid mixing incompatible produced waters which will result in scale formation.Design facility to reduce locations prone to scale formation (e.g., large pressure drops and unnecessary pipe elbows).Do not mix NORM with other materials.Dually complete oil zone and water zone to allow water to be produced simultaneously but separately from oil and to allow control of water coning (research indicates that water production may be reduced by as much as half, thereby reducing exposure to NORM of production equipment carrying the oil stream).Use polymer injection to reduce permeability to water in the production zone, thereby reducing the volume of radionuclide-containing water produced.

- 37 -


Use rock plugging with gel slugs to block off water production in completions where there is a discernible separation of the oil and water zones.Carefully design gravel packs and other well screening procedures to reduce the volume of NORM-contaminated formation sand (coated by NORM scale) that is produced.Coat material surfaces with chemicals at critical points in the production system to reduce the availability of nucleation points for NORM-containing scale formation.Reinject NORM-containing produced water (containing scale inhibitors) for enhanced recovery, (preferably into the same zone from which it was produced), as soon as possible after initial production to increase the amount of NORM returned to the subsurface and decreasing thepotential for the precipitation of NORM-containing scale in surface equipment.Store NORM-contaminated waste in either tanks or lined pits which will accommodate the eventual recovery and proper disposal of the NORM-contaminated waste. The contamination of soils with NORM may be averted by not storing NORM containing produced water or other waste in earthen pits, thereby decreasing the volume of NORM-contaminated waste.Provide NORM management procedures training for employees involved with the operation and maintenance of affected production facilities.

Reuse/Recycle Clean NORM-contaminated scale from pipe and equipment to minimize the volume of NORM- contaminated waste requiring disposal and allow the recycling of the pipe and equipment. However, restrictions on the level of radioactivity of the NORM-contaminated waste may be imposed.Use of NORM-contaminated waste (metals) as feedstock at smelters may be a potential method of recycling. However, restrictions on the level of radioactivity of the NORM-contaminated waste may be imposed.



Comments

Waste type Oil, slopClassification H 3Storage In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous


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Reduction Install a mechanical stirrer inside slop oil tank to keep sediment in suspension.Implement the use of `canned submersible pumps' to replace conventional impeller type pumps used for fluid transfer service. Eliminates leaks from impeller pump seals and gear boxes.

Reuse/Recycle Recycle back into production stream.Send to refinery to be added to production stream.



Comments

Waste type Oil, weatheredClassification H 11Storage In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous


Reduction Pick up free liquids or solids spilled as soon as possible after the spill is contained. Recycle back into production stream.Prevent spills or waste whenever possible.

Reuse/Recycle N/ATreatment Landfarming.Disposal Hazardous waste facility.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Comments

Waste type Paint and paint wastesClassification Y12, B4010Storage Solid waste may be stored in open skips or drums.

Cans may be treated as metal waste and stored with other scrap metals.Liquids should be stored in sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous waste storage area.Containers containing liquids should stand in or above a drip tray, or other means of secondary containment, to ensure that any leakage cannot reach the ground.

Reduction Paint less frequently; only when necessary.Buy in bulk and only the volume needed. Use all of the product before it becomes unusable.Size paint batches systematically to specific jobs.Eliminate the use of lead paint; use waterbase, lead-free

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paint or high-solids coatings.Buy less toxic, less volatile paints and solvents. Purchase paints with greater durability.Paint contractor should be responsible for the proper management of unused paint, solvents, and empty containers.Reduce and control overspray. Use a brush for small jobs rather than spraying.Keep containers closed to reduce evaporation.Ensure paint containers are completely emptied and dried.Use separate solvents and/or containers for each paint color. When solvent is spent use it as a thinner for that particular color.

Reuse/Recycle Send used solvents to a recyclerRecycle containers as scrap metal.

Treatment N/ADisposal Hazardous waste disposal facility.

Old Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Comments

Waste type Pallets Classification Non-hazardousStorage Stack carefullyReduction Buy materials in skid-mounted bulk hoppers or containers.

Purchase recycled plastic pallets, which have a longer life than wooden pallets.

Reuse/Recycle Reuse pallets.Return pallets to the vendor.Send wooden pallets to a pallet or wood recycler.

Treatment N/ADisposal Broken pallets may be landfilled.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Comments

Waste type Paper/cardboardClassification Non-hazardous Storage Bale, or seal in labelled containers, and store in dry areaReduction Only print documents if essential.Reuse/Recycle Recycle if possible.Treatment N/ADisposal Approved landfill.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


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Comments

Waste type Paraffin Classification H 3Storage In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous


Reduction Investigate the feasibility of installing magnetic fluid conditioner(s) to prevent paraffin formation.Use paraffin inhibitor chemicals.

Reuse/Recycle Collect solidified paraffin in tanks, mix with paraffin solvent, and recycle back into production stream.Send mechanically removed paraffin to a recycler.Use hot-oil treatment to dissolve paraffin in well and flow lines; send to production.

Treatment N/ADisposal Certified hazardous waste facility.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors

must be recorded using transfer notes.Recycling within KOC must be recorded in asset records.

Comments

Waste type PCB, oilClassification Y10, H 11, H 12, A3180Storage In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous


Reduction Replace any electrical equipment that is determined to be PCB containing with non-PCB containing, electrical equipment.Note: Cleanup of PCB spills and contaminated soils is regulated by both RCRA and TSCA. Special Handling: Contact your Health and Safety Coordinator immediately!

Reuse/Recycle N/ATreatment N/ADisposal Hazardous waste facility.

Under no circumstances should PCBs be incinerated except at a specialised facility.

Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors must be recorded using transfer notes.

Comments

Waste type Pipe dope, usedClassification May be hazardous (H 11) depending on composition.Storage In sealed, labelled containers in designated storage area.

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Reduction Choose biodegradable, lead-free pipe dope.Use all of the product whenever possible.Minimize waste, conserve compound for use at the next job.All drilling, well servicing, pipeline, and other contractors should be responsible for unused and waste pipe dope and containers.

Reuse/Recycle N/ATreatment N/ADisposal Certified waste disposal facility.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Comments

Waste type PlasticClassification B3010 Storage If practicable segregate differing plastic types (especially

PVC). Store in sealed containers in designated storage area.

ReductionReuse/Recycle Plastics may be recycled, provided they have been

adequately segregated according to type.Treatment N/ADisposal Landfill at certified disposal facility.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Comments

Waste typeRags, oily

Classification H 4.1Storage Collect oily rags in open head metal container or drum

LabelStore in hazardous waste storage area in preparation for disposal.Note that oily rags can by pyrophoric and cause spontaneous combustion.

Reduction Maintain equipment and facilities to prevent drips, leaks, and spills which would require cleanup.Use drip pans or other containment devices to collect leaks, drips or accidental spills. Empty containment devices properly.

Reuse/Recycle Keep separate from other wastes and wash for reuse.Send to recycler.

Treatment N/ADisposal Certified hazardous waste disposal facilityMonitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors

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Comments

Waste type Rigwash Classification Non-hazardous Storage Not normally practicable.Reduction Prudent use of water in rig maintenance.

Use high-pressure, low-volume hose nozzles with automatic cutoffs.Set up a regular maintenance program for water systems to reduce leaks and drips.Remove paint solids from water arrestor holding tanks with a centrifuge or cyclone system.Reduce rigwash use by sweeping or other dry cleaning when feasible.Collect rigwash in tanks rather than earthen pits.

Reuse/Recycle Collect and reuse rigwash for subsequent rig washdowns or for first stage washing of equipment.Use as make-up water in drilling and completion operations.

Treatment N/ADisposal To effluent treatment facilityMonitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Comments

Waste type RubberClassification B3040Storage In designated storage area.ReductionReuse/Recycle N/ATreatment N/ADisposal Landfill at approved site.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Comments

Waste type Scale, pipe and equipmentClassification Scale may be classified as hazardousStorage Pipe and equipment may be stored in a laydown area.

Scale should be stored in sealed, labelled containers in a designated (hazardous) waste storage area.

Reduction Use scale inhibitors. Circulate inhibitor in well or inject inhibitor into producing formation.Avoid mixing incompatible produced waters which will result in scale formation.

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Design facility to reduce locations prone to scale formation (e.g., large pressure drops and unnecessary pipe elbows).Dually complete oil zone and water zone to allow water to be produced simultaneously but separately from oil and to allow control of water coning (research indicates that water production may be reduced by as much as half, thereby reducing scale formation in production equipment carrying the oil stream).Use polymer injection to reduce permeability to water in the production zone, thereby reducing the volume of water produced which is the source of scale.Use rock plugging with gel slugs to block off water production in completions where there is a discernible separation of the oil and water zones.Coat material surfaces with chemicals at critical points in the production system to reduce the availability of nucleation points for scale formation.

Reuse/Recycle Clean scale from pipe and equipment and recycle the pipe and equipment.

TreatmentDisposalMonitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Comments

Waste type Scrap metal, ferrousClassification Non-hazardous Storage In skips. In designated storage area.ReductionReuse/Recycle If clean, re-use for structural steel provided it has been

verified as being safe to do so.Send to scrap metal recycling centre.

Treatment N/ADisposal Avoid.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Comments

Waste type Scrap metals, other Classification B1050Storage In skips, segregating different metal types as appropriate.

In designated storage area.ReductionReuse/Recycle Send to scrap metal recycling centre.Treatment N/ADisposal Avoid.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors

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Comments

Waste type Sediment, Oil/Water Separator ClassificationStorage In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous


Reduction N/AReuse/Recycle N/ATreatment May be suitable for landfarming.Disposal If hazardous, sediment shall be disposed as specified for

hazardous waste.If non-hazardous, sediment can be landfilled or incinerated.


Comments Separator sediment may contain hydrocarbons and small amounts of heavy metals. Therefore, it must be tested in order to determine proper disposal.

Waste type Skimmings, Oil/Water Separator Classification Y9, H 3Storage In bulk container, if practicable. Otherwise in sealed,

labelled containers in designated (hazardous) waste storage area.Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other means of secondary containment, to ensure that any leakage cannot reach the ground.

Reduction N/AReuse/Recycle Return to process stream.Treatment N/ADisposal Hazardous wastes facility.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Comments

Waste type Sludge, Sewage (Biological)Classification H 6.2Storage If possible, uplift direct to disposal site using dedicated

transport. If this is not possible, it should be stored in sealed labelled, drums in hazardous waste storage area.

Reduction Ensure sewage treatment plant is working as designed through a program of inspections and monitoring.

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Reuse/Recycle N/ATreatment N/ADisposal With the agreement of the authorities it may be possible to

dispose of this material by landfarming. Otherwise, dispose at a sewage treatment works or a certified hazardous waste disposal site.


Comments EPA regulations appendices 11-11 to 11-16 stipulate maximum permitted concentrations of pollutants in sewage sludge that is used in agricultural and other purposes.

Waste type Solvents (organic solvents used in cleaning and degreasing equipment) - non-halogenated

Classification Y6, Y42, H 3, A3140Storage Collect in designated drums. Do NOT overfill.

When drum is full, label and move to designated hazardous waste storage area. . Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other means of secondary containment, to ensure that any leakage cannot reach the ground.It may be necessary to use containers fitted with flame arrestors if the solvent is highly flammable.

Reduction Use water-based solvents or soap cleaners that are biodegradable whenever possible.Substitute nonhazardous surfactants (soap) for hazardous solvents (mineral spirits) for equipment cleaning.Use up all solvent in container, ensuring no residue remains.Minimize amount of solvent being lost during cleaning or maintenance; for example, use drip pans to collect solvent for reuse.Use high-pressure water, steam or other non-toxic solvents to clean equipment.Keep solvent containers tightly covered when not in use to decrease loss due to vaporization.Use inventory control to minimize volume of unnecessary solvent stored.Use dirty solvent for initial cleaning and clean solvent for final cleaning.

Reuse/Recycle If enough of the same solvent is generated, it shall be collected and returned to the supplier or a commercial recycler for recycling.Send to a recycler.Filter/clean or regenerate solvents and reuse.Use spent solvent for paraffin removal.

TreatmentDisposal

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Comments

Waste type Solvents (organic solvents used in cleaning and degreasing equipment) - halogenated

Classification Y6, Y41, H3, A3150Storage Collect in designated drums. Do NOT overfill.

When drum is full, label and move to designated hazardous waste storage area. . Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other means of secondary containment, to ensure that any leakage cannot reach the ground.

Reduction Use water-based solvents or soap cleaners that are biodegradable whenever possible.Substitute nonhazardous surfactants (soap) for hazardous solvents (mineral spirits) for equipment cleaning.Use up all solvent in container, ensuring no residue remains.Minimize amount of solvent being lost during cleaning or maintenance; for example, use drip pans to collect solvent for reuse.Use high-pressure water, steam or other non-toxic solvents to clean equipment.Keep solvent containers tightly covered when not in use to decrease loss due to vaporization.Use inventory control to minimize volume of unnecessary solvent stored.Use dirty solvent for initial cleaning and clean solvent for final cleaning.

Reuse/Recycle If enough of the same solvent is generated, it shall be collected and returned to the supplier or a commercial recycler for recycling.Send to a recycler.Filter/clean or regenerate solvents and reuse.Use spent solvent for paraffin removal.

Treatment N/ADisposal Hazardous waste facility.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Comments

Waste type Tank bottoms (basic sediment and water)Classification Y9, Potentially hazardous (H 11, H 12)Storage In bulk container, if practicable. Otherwise in sealed,

labelled containers in designated (hazardous) waste storage area.

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Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other means of secondary containment, to ensure that any leakage cannot reach the ground.

Reduction Recycle back through treatment system, with no additional requirements.Keep turbulent flow in tank to prevent sedimentation whenever possible. The use of mechanical stirring devices in oil storage tanks will eliminate build-up of tank bottom sediments and reduce chemical storage.Add appropriate chemical agents to reduce tank bottom accumulation.Treat light oil tank bottoms with high temperature in heavy oil dehydration facilities.Recover product by recycling light oil tank bottoms through heavy oil dehydration facilities. Results: added revenue and substantial cost savings through reduction of waste disposal.Use cone bottom stock tanks and run bottoms through heater-treater more frequently than normal.Reduce the number of tanks by consolidating produced fluid storage facilities.Keep a gas blanket on tanks to reduce oxygen and formation of iron oxides. A gas blanket can also reduce risk of explosion and subsequent leakage due to lightning strikes.Identify and minimize the source of solids.

Reuse/Recycle Send tank bottoms to crude oil reclamation plants.Send to a refinery coker.

Treatment Use a centrifuge or filter press to recover oil and water from tank bottoms.If hazardous, treatment or stabilization is necessary prior to disposal

Disposal Hazardous waste facility.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Comments

Waste type Tank Water DrawsClassification Y9, Potentially hazardous (H 11, H 12)Storage In bulk container, if practicable. Otherwise in sealed,

labelled containers in designated (hazardous waste) storage area.Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other means of secondary containment, to ensure that any leakage cannot reach the ground.

ReductionReuse/Recycle Use oil/water separator to separate oil and water.

Return oil to product storage and discharge water to on-site wastewater treatment facility.

- 48 -




Comments Sources of tank water include entrainment in delivered product, condensate, and storm water intrusion.

Waste type Thread protectorsClassification Non-hazardousStorage Sealed containers in designated storage area.Reduction Avoid using excess pipe dope.

Return to vendor or send to recycler.Reuse/Recycle Reuse in operations or sell for re-use.

Send to a reclamation facility that removes pipe dope and markets for reuse.

Treatment Steam clean before sending for recycling.Disposal Avoid, if practicable.

Non-hazardous landfill.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Comments

Waste type TyresClassification B3140Storage In no-hazardous waste storage area.

Avoid storage of large quantities, due to fire risk.Reduction Rotate tyres and align regularly.

Maintain proper inflation pressure.Purchase tyres with greater road-wear abilities.

Reuse/Recycle Send to a tyre recycler.Purchase retreaded tyres if feasible.May be used as fenders.

Treatment N/ADisposal Avoid.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Comments During rainy season stored tyres can accumulate water, providing a breeding ground for mosquitoes.

Waste type Water, Chemically ContaminatedClassification Y9, Potentially hazardous (H 11, H 12)Storage In bulk container, if practicable. Otherwise in sealed,

labelled containers in designated (hazardous) waste storage area.Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other means of secondary containment, to ensure that any

- 49 -


leakage cannot reach the ground.ReductionReuse/Recycle Not normally applicable.

Could be used for irrigation if water meets EPA standards. Consult H&E Team for further advice.

Treatment Neutralize if pH is less than 6 or above 8 Conduct testing to ensure water meets water quality standards

Disposal Through waste water treatment facilities.Dispose to surface only if a permit is obtained from EPA.Ship to certified hazardous waste facility


Comments Hydrostatic tank tests shall be performed when possible following tank cleaning in order to minimize contamination.

Waste type Well completion, treatment, and stimulation fluids, unused

Classification Potentially hazardous (H 11, H 12)Storage In bulk container, if practicable. Otherwise in sealed,

labelled containers in designated (hazardous) waste storage area.Containers should stand in or above a drip tray, or other means of secondary containment, to ensure that any leakage cannot reach the ground.

Reduction Use all of the product whenever possible; e.g., use excess frac oil, acid, stimulation fluids, and xylene in other wells.Use inventory control; e.g., a surplus chemicals exchange network that offers unused chemicals to other company facilities in lieu of disposal.

Reuse/Recycle Recycle unused frac oil back into production stream.Return unused portion to vendor.

Treatment May require neutralization if pH less than 6 or greater than 8.

Disposal Avoid disposal, if practicable.Through waste water treatment facilities.Dispose to surface only if a permit is obtained from EPA.Ship to certified hazardous waste facility.


Comments

Waste type Wood:-Plywood top, pallets, general lumber (non-treated)

Classification Non-hazardousStorage No special requirements.

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ReductionReuse/Recycle Reuse within KOC is desirable, but only if it can be done

safely. e.g. wood reused for structural purposes must be inspected and approved as being sound and suitable for that purpose.

Treatment N/ADisposalMonitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Comments

Waste type Wood (treated)Classification Non-hazardousStorage Closed skips (or open skips if in covered area).Reduction Avoid the use of lumber in construction - prefer reusable

materials such as plastic.Careful planning to avoid general of excess material.Only treat wood if it is absolutely necessary.

Reuse/Recycle Treated lumber may be reused with care.Do not use treated wood under circumstances where the preservative may come in contact with food or animal feed, like food containers. Do not use treated wood for cutting-boards or countertops. Only treated wood that is visibly clean and free of surface residue should be used for patios, decks and walkways. Treated wood should not be used where it may come into direct or indirect contact with public drinking water, except for uses involving incidental contact such as docks and bridges. Additional considerations may apply depending on the precise treatment used.

Treatment N/ADisposal Designated disposal site.

Do not burn in open pits.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Comments

Waste type Workover wastesClassification Probably Hazardous (e.g. H 11), depending on exact nature

of wasteStorage In sealed, labelled containers in designated hazardous


Reduction Place into production stream whenever possible.

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Reuse/Recycle Recycle free liquids back into production stream.Treatment N/ADisposal Hazardous waste facility.Monitoring/Recording Shipment and disposal away from KOC by contractors


Comments

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Appendix 4

MANIFESTS FOR TRANSPORTATION AND DISPOSAL OF WASTES(Kuwait EPA)Manifest for Transportation, Disposal of Non-Hazardous Waste and Construction Waste

CC Public Authority for Environment Public Authority for Environment

CC Waste authority (source) Industrial Affairs Dept.Industrial Waste Control Division

CC Kuwait Municipality / Cleaning Dept.Kuwait Municipality / Environmental Affairs

Telephone : 4824285-9Ext.203 fax:4821724P.O.Box:24395 KuwaitSafat 13104

CC Transporter

(A) waste (source)authorityinformation

The wastes set forth under B, were collected from:And transferred to :______, at the recommendations of the Public Authority for environment

Name:_______Occupation:________: signature_____________Hour:________date:____________________________________Address:______telephone No.:________fax No.:_________

(B) waste description

1- waste general description :2- waste state: solid - semi solid - slime - fluid - other (specify)3- waste classification: oil waste - chemical materials - medicines - other (specify)4- waste details: waste weight (kg):_______ No.of cars: ______ load capacity: ______5- operations resulting in the waste:

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(C)

Transporter

I hereby declare have collected the wastes said under clause (B) and that the above details are correct.The above wastes were taken from : _______

Hour: _____

Name : ________________ Job: ____________: signature:

______

Hour : ________________ date : ________________

Address : _____________ phone No.: _________ fax No.:

________

(D)

Authority carrying the

Destruction

The waste mentioned under clause (B) were destroyed at the

location : _______________

Waste disposal method:

___ sanitary burial ___ spraying on ground - treatment then

burial-

evaporation ______other (specify) : ___________

site manager name : __________________ signature :

__________

in the presence of the Public Authority for Environment

Representative and representative of the waste source

authority.

The Public Authority for Environment hereby certify that the

wastes set forth under clause (B) pertaining to ________ has

been treated / destroyed.

Public Authority for Environment representative :

___________

Signature : __________________

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Glossary

Absorption Oil A hydrocarbon liquid used to absorb and recover components from natural gas as it is processed.

Acid Gas A gas that forms an acid when it is mixed with water. In petroleum production and processing, the most common acid gases are hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide.

Amine Any of several compounds such as, but not limited to, monoethanolamine (MEA), employed in treating natural gas. The amines are generally used in water solutions to remove hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from gas and liquid streams.

Asbestos A mineral fiber, used for insulation that can pollute air or water and cause cancer or asbestosis when inhaled. EPA and many other environmental agencies have banned or restricted its use in manufacturing and construction and regulate its disposal.

Basic Sediment and Water (BS&W)The water and other extraneous material present in crude oil bottoms 1. The liquids and residue, such as heavy hydrocarbons, solids, sands, and emulsions that collect in the bottom of treating vessel or remain in the bottom of storage tanks after a period of service.2. The residual fractions remaining in the bottom of a fractionating tower after lighter components have been distilled off as vapors.

Contaminant Any physical, chemical, biological, or radiological substance or matter that has an adverse affect on air, water, or soil, or A harmful, irritating, or nuisance material in concentrations exceeding those normally found in the ambient air, water, or soil.

Corrosion A complex chemical or electrochemical process by which metal is destroyed (e.g., between water and pipes that the water contacts, chemicals touching a metal surface, or contact between two metals).

Emulsion The dispersion of fine particles of an immiscible liquid and/or solids with another liquid in which the particles are suspended. A mixture of crude oil and formation water commonly creates an emulsion. It generally requires time, heat, and in some cases, chemicals to separate water and oil emulsions.

Enhanced Recovery Efforts to increase ultimate production of oil and gas from a reservoir. This term will be considered to encompass other nomenclature in common usage such as pressure maintenance, secondary recovery, and tertiary recovery. All enhanced recovery techniques include methods for supplementing natural reservoir forces and energy, or otherwise increasing ultimate recovery. Such techniques include water injection, gas injection, gas cycling, and miscible chemicals and thermal processes.

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Filtration A treatment process for removing solid (particulate) matter from a fluid by passing the fluid through porous media such as sand or a man-made filter.

Fracturing Fluid Materials used in formation fracturing well stimulation process.

Glycol A group of compounds used to dehydrate gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons or to inhibit the formation of hydrates. Commonly used glycols are ethylene glycol (EG), diethylene glycol (DEG), and triethylene glycol (TEG).

Groundwater The water found under the surface of the earth in aquifers. Ground water is used for supplying wells and feeds springs.

Hazardous MaterialsAny substance exposures to which results or may result in adverse affects on the health and safety. of employees.

Hazardous Waste A solid waste that may pose a substantial or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly managed. It possesses at least one of four characteristics (ignitability, Corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity).

Hydrate A solid material resulting from the combination of a hydrocarbon with water under pressure.

Ignitable As a measure characterizing hazardous waste, ignitability applies to a liquid having a flash point less than 140OF.

Landfarming A process in which waste deposited on or in the soil is naturally degraded by microbes.

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Information required under the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) on the identity of hazardous chemicals, health and physical hazards, exposure limits, and precautions.

Mud The liquid circulated through the well bore during rotary drilling and Workover operations. In addition to its function of bringing cuttings to the surface, drilling mud cools and lubricates the bit and drill stem, protects against blowouts by holding back subsurface pressures, and deposits a mud cake on the wall of the borehole to prevent loss of fluids to the formation. Originally a suspension of clays in water, the mud used in modern drilling is a more complex mixture of liquids, reactive solids, and inert solids.

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Neutralization Decreasing the acidity or alkalinity of a substance by adding alkaline or acidic materials to it.

Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM)Elements that are radioactive in their natural physical states (i.e., not man-made) but do not include source or special nuclear material. NORM can be associated with oil and gas production and includes the elements uranium, thorium, radium, and radon and their daughter products. NORM has been found in downhole tubing scale, in above-ground processing equipment, salt water disposal/injection wells and associated equipment, and in soils contaminated by well workovers, tank cleaning, salt water leaks, pipe cleaning, and other associated operations.

pH A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a liquid or solid material.

Pig A scraping tool forced through a pipeline or flowline to clean out accumulations of water, wax, rust, scale, and/or debris from the walls of the pipe.

Pigging Waste water, wax, rust, scale, and/or debris removed from the walls of pipelines after cleaning with a pig or scraper.

Pollutant Any chemical or waste product that contributes to pollution.

Pollution The alteration of the physical, thermal, chemical, or biological quality of, or the contamination of land, air, or water that renders it harmful, detrimental, or injurious to humans, animal life, vegetation, or property, or to public health, safety or welfare, or impairs the usefulness or the public enjoyment of the land, air, or water for any lawful or reasonable purpose.

Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB)A group of toxic, pathogenic, teratogenic, and persistent chemicals used in transformers and capacitors (and other oil-filled electrical equipment) for insulating purposes and in gas pipeline systems as a lubricant. PCBs may accumulate in human or animal tissue. PCBs were banned by law for sale.

Produced Water The water (brine) brought up from the hydrocarbon bearing strata during the extraction of oil and gas. It may include formation water, water that has been injected into the formation and any chemicals added down-hole or during the oil/water separation process.

Recycle To reclaim the useful constituents of a waste for reuse, or to use or reuse a waste as a substitute for a commercial product, or as a feedstock in an industrial process.

Reserve Pit

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Pit used to store additional drilling fluids for use in drilling operations and/or dispose of wastes generated by drilling operations and initial completion procedures. Usually an excavated, earthen-walled pit, typically temporary in nature, that receives natural rock cuttings, drilling fluids, and water runoff from around the drilling rig.

Rigwash Waters used to wash down the rig floor, including rainwater. Its primary component is fresh water, sometimes containing minor amounts of household type detergents.

Scale A deposit formed in place by chemical action or temperature and pressure changes on surfaces in contact with water; e.g., calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium sulfate.

Scrubber A vessel through which a gas or fluid is passed to remove liquid and foreign matter.

Sump A pit or tank that catches liquid runoff for drainage or disposal. Also, a low place in a vessel or tank for accumulating settlings that are later removed through an opening in the bottom of the vessel.

Surface Water All water naturally open to the atmosphere, and all springs, wells, or other collectors directly influenced by surface water.

Surfactant A substance, such as detergent or soap, that affects the properties of the surface of a liquid or solid by concentrating in the surface layer (e.g., assists in the cleaning of oily materials).

Vapor Recovery System Any combination of hoods or ventilation systems that captures or contains organic vapors and directs them to an abatement or recovery device.

Volatile Description of any substance that evaporates easily (the tendency of a liquid to assume the gaseous state).

Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)A highly evaporative organic material. Workover The performance of one or more of a variety of remedial operations on a producing well to try to increase production. Examples of workover operations are deepening, plugging back, pulling and resetting liners, repairing mechanical equipment failures, squeeze cementing, or other work involved in changing the producing interval in a well.

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Acronyms

API .............................American Petroleum InstituteBS&W ........................Basic Sediment and WaterCO2 ............................Carbon DioxideCOS............................ Carbonyl SulfideEIA…………………..Environment Impact AssessmentEPA………………….Environment Public Authority (Kuwait)E&P............................ Exploration and ProductionH2S..............................Hydrogen SulfideMOE…………………Ministry of Energy (Kuwait)MSDS...........................Material Safety Data SheetNGL........................….Natural Gas LiquidNORM ....................…Naturally Occurring Radioactive MaterialOSHA .....................…The United States Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationPCB........................…..Polychlorinated biphenylpH..........................…...Potential of hydrogen, measure of acidityppm........................…..Parts Per MillionSO2.........................….Sulfur DioxideUSEPA……………....United States Environment Public Authority

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References

1 API Environmental Guidance Document; Onshore Solid Waste Management in Exploration and Production Operations, 1st Ed., American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC (1989).

2 Developing Area-Specific Waste Management Plans for E&P Operations, 1st Ed., American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC (1991).

3 Stilwell, C.T., "Area Waste-Management Plans for Drilling and ProductionOperations," Journal of Petroleum Technology 67-71 (Jan. 1991).

4 "Guidance to Hazardous Waste Generators on the Elements of a WasteMinimization Program," 58 Federal Register 31114-31120 (May 28, 1993).

5 Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1980, Section 3001(b)(2)(A); an amendment of RCRA of 1976.

6 "Regulatory Determination for Oil and Gas and Geothermal Exploration andProduction Wastes," 53 Federal Register 25446-25459 (July 6, 1988).

7 "Clarification of the Regulatory Determination for Wastes from the Exploration,Development and Production of Crude Oil, Natural Gas and Geothermal Energy," 58 Federal Register 15284-15287 (Mar. 22, 1993).

8 "Generic Hazardous Chemical Category List and Inventory for the Oil and GasExploration and Production Industry," American Petroleum Institute and theIndependent Petroleum Association of America (November 1988).

9 Principles of Drilling Fluid Control, 12th Ed., Petroleum Extension Service,University of Texas at Austin (1969).

10 Kuwait Oil Company, Health & Environment Guidelines, Asbestos KOC 1130. November 1999.

11. Kuwait Oil Company, Health & Environmnt Guidelines, Waste Handling KOC 2120. November 1999.

12. Guidelines for Chemical Characterization of Produced Water," The Norwegian Oil Industry Assn. (OLF), Stavanger (1999).

12. Water--A Preliminary Study. Produced Water Technological/Environmental Issues and Solutions, J.P. Ray and F.R. Engelhardt (eds.), Plenum Press, New York (1992) 245.

13. "Produced Water Discharges to the North Sea--Fate and Effects in the Water Column," summary report, The Norwegian Oil Industry Assn. (OLF), Stavanger (1998).

14. "Aromatics in Produced Water: Occurrence, Fate and Effects, and Treatment," Intl. Assn. of Oil and Gas Producers (OGP), Report No. 1.20/324 (January 2002).

15. Survey and Assessment of Ambient Air Quality in the KOC Oil Fields, KOC Project 11644, Second Progress Report ( January - June, 2002). July 2002

16. Waste Management Procedure (Draft Oct 2005) Graham Johnson, BP Advisor 17. Waste Management Guideline (Draft 2005) Graham Johnson, BP Advisor KOC

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