Three Aspects of the Law of the Sea, Islands, Delimitation and Dispute Settlement
Kuril Islands dispute between Russia and Japan
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Transcript of Kuril Islands dispute between Russia and Japan
Kuril Islands dispute between Russia and Japan
• Kuril Islands dispute is the main diplomatic agenda since 1945.
• Today, the window of opportunity seems to be open.
• There is no peace treaty.
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Views of Japan’s Influence, 2012
Views of Russia’s Influence, 2012
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China
Russia
North Korea
South Korea
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Kuril Islands dispute between Russia and Japan
• Kuril Islands dispute is the main diplomatic agenda since 1945.
• Today, the window of opportunity seems to be open.
• There is no peace treaty.
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Why there is no peace treaty between Russia and Japan?
• Mainly because, the Soviet Union did not sign San Francisco Peace Treaty in 1951.
• In 1956, Japan and the Soviet Union tried to make a peace treaty, but failed mainly because of Kuril Islands dispute.
←After San Francisco Peace Conference,Yoshida and Acheson shake hands. 6
1941 1943 1945
December Pearl Harbor
Teheran ConferenceNovember 28, 1943 to December 1
Yalta conferenceFebruary 4–11, 1945
Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact 1941 April
What is the relationship between Japan and the Soviet Union in WW2?
August 8The Soviet Union unilaterally renounced the treaty.
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The End of WW2
Bombing of TokyoNovember 17, 1944 to August 15 1945, the day Japan surrendered.
8.6Hiroshima
8.8 Soviet declared war on Japan
8.9Nagasaki
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August 11
August 18-21 August 18-21
Invasion and Disarmament August 21 –September 4
The Invasion of the Kuril Islands(Kuril Islands Landing Operation)
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By the end of World War II there were from 560,000 to 760,000 Japanese POWs in the Soviet Union and Mongolia interned to work in labor camps. About 10% of them died, mostly during the winter of 1945–1946.
Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet UnionSiberian Internment (the Japanese term)
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The Japanese representativesThe Surrender of Japan on September 2, 1945
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The Constitution of Japan enacted on May 3, 1947
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September 8, 1951 The San Francisco Peace Treaty
Shigeru YoshidaPrime Minister1946 to 1947 1948 to 1954.
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September 8, 1951 The San Francisco Peace Treaty
Under the treaty, Japan ceded southern Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, but the beneficiary was not indicated in the treaty. Nor were the Kuril Islands defined and specifically listed.
Under the treaty, Japan ceded southern Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, but the beneficiary was not indicated in the treaty. Nor were the Kuril Islands defined and specifically listed.
Articles 2 of the San Francisco Peace Treaty (1951)(c) Japan renounces all right, title and claim to the Kurile Islands…
Articles 2 of the San Francisco Peace Treaty (1951)(c) Japan renounces all right, title and claim to the Kurile Islands…
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Andrei Andreevich GromykoMinister of F.A. of the Soviet Union1957 to 1985
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Security Treaty Between the United States and Japan September 8, 1951
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Dec. 1954 – Dec. 1956
Remained Problems 1955-1956
Ichiro Hatoyama
1. Japan could not join United Nations, mainly because of Veto by the Soviet Union.
2. Japanese POWs in the Soviet Union and Mongolia interned to work in labor camps. Siberian Internment. (the Japanese term)3. Kuril Issues.
4. Fishing Rights around Kuril Islands.
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Mamoru ShigemitsuAmbassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Yakov Alexandrovich Malik
Separate Negotiation between 1955-1956
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1972Okinawa
Kuril IslandsKuril Islands
August 1956, Dulles’s threat
John Foster DullesSecretary of State1953-1959
By July 1956, Foreign Minister Mamoru Shigemitsu, suggested during a visit to Moscow that he would accept a peace treaty following the return of only two of the disputed islands, the Habomais and Shikotan. Tokyo, however, rejected this notion… In August 1956, in the midst of Soviet-Japanese negotiations in London, Secretary of State Dulles informed Foreign Minister Shigemitsu that if Japan gave up its claim to the southern Kuril islands, then the United States might feel obliged to retain Okinawa in perpetuity. News of this exchange soon fed rumors in both Moscow and Tokyo that Dulles was attempting to derail the Soviet-Japanese talks.“A Historical Reevaluation of America's Role in the Kuril Islands Dispute Bruce A. Elleman”
By July 1956, Foreign Minister Mamoru Shigemitsu, suggested during a visit to Moscow that he would accept a peace treaty following the return of only two of the disputed islands, the Habomais and Shikotan. Tokyo, however, rejected this notion… In August 1956, in the midst of Soviet-Japanese negotiations in London, Secretary of State Dulles informed Foreign Minister Shigemitsu that if Japan gave up its claim to the southern Kuril islands, then the United States might feel obliged to retain Okinawa in perpetuity. News of this exchange soon fed rumors in both Moscow and Tokyo that Dulles was attempting to derail the Soviet-Japanese talks.“A Historical Reevaluation of America's Role in the Kuril Islands Dispute Bruce A. Elleman”20