Kunlun Mts. Himalayan Mts. Gobi Desert Huang He (Yellow) River Yangtze River Physical Features.
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Transcript of Kunlun Mts. Himalayan Mts. Gobi Desert Huang He (Yellow) River Yangtze River Physical Features.
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Kunlun Mts. Himalayan Mts.
Gobi Desert
Huang He (Yellow) RiverYangtze River
Physical Features
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•Mountains & Deserts in the north & west & Pacific in the east isolated China from outsiders
•Ethnocentrism-China was the center of the world
•All foreigners were Barbarians
•Lacked interest in foreign cultures
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Founded by Confucius 6th Century B.C.
Texts – Analects/ writings of Confucius
•Filial Piety Respect for elders
•5 relationships Father/son, Ruler/subject, husband/wife, older brother/ younger brother, friend/friend
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Founded by Lao-tzu 3rd century BC
•Tao- “The Way” of the universe
•Live in Harmony with nature
•Balance between Ying & Yang
•Rejected government
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•Highly powerful government is the key to social order
•Punishment for offenses should be severe
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Siddartha Gautama5th Century BC
•Eightfold Path, ethical behavior & good deeds (Meditation)
•Ultimate goal is Nirvana
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•Rise, decline, and replacement of dynasties
•Mandate of Heaven- Rule by divine right.
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•210BC-220 AD
•Legalism/confucianism
•Centralized government
•Civil Service Exam
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•221BC-210BC
•Legalism/ unified China
•Shi Huangdi
•Burned rival books/regulated coinage
•Unified Great Wall of China
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•618-907 AD
•Revived Confucianism
•Expanded Trade (Silk Road) connected china to the Middle East
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•Ruled China from 1279-1368AD
•Mongols- Invaders from the north
•Led by Genghis Khan
•China first experienced foreign rule under Kublai Khan
•Opened China to foreign contacts (Marco Polo)
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•Conflict between England & China over Opium Trade
•Chinese easily defeated & forced to sign Treaty of Nanking
•Gave Britain Island of Hong Kong & extraterritoriality
•Right to live under own laws
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•Sun Yixian establishes republic of China 1911
•3 Principles Nationalism, Democracy, livelihood
•Chiang Kai Shek takes over leadership of Kuomintang (Nationalists) 1925
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Civil War between Nationalists & Communists
Mao Zedong & Communist defeat Nationalists under Chiang Kai Shek (Taiwan)
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Great Leap Forward- Program to increase industrial & Agricultural Output (Collectivization)
Cultural Revolution- Renewal of Loyalty to Communism & purge China of non revolutionary forces
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•Leaders after Mao are more moderate
•UN membership in 1971
•President Nixon visits China in 1972
•US Recognizes China in 1979
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•Leader: Deng Xiaoping promoted foreign trade and contact with western World•4 modernizations: Industry,Farming, Science & technology, Defense.•Eliminated communes
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•Economic Reform: supported capitalist ideas but remained strongly Communist
•Tiananmen Square- 1989 student uprising in May 1989 1000’s killed or wounded. 10,000 arrested
Human rights violations still a huge issue
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Leader Jiang Zemin (1997-today)
•Economically open/ politically closed
•Transfer of Hong Kong (1997) from British control
•Agreed not to change Hong Kong’s political or economic system for 50 years