Kuliah PSB 02

Sipil Itenas 2013 Page 1

SI-224

PERANCANGAN

STRUKTUR BAWAH

DOSEN:

Dr. techn. INDRA NOER HAMDHAN,

ST., MT.

JURUSAN TEKNIK SIPIL

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI NASIONAL

BANDUNG 2013

Review of Geotechnical

Investigation


Review of Geotechnical Investigation

Standard penetration test (SPT) required

for the information on the consistency or

density of the soil. Standard penetration

test should be carried out in accordance

with the ASTM D1586-67/84. The method

of sampling soil described herein consist

of driving a split-barrel sampler to obtain a

representative, disturb sample and to

simultaneously obtain a measure of the

resistance of the subsoil to penetration of

a standard sampler.

Standard Penetration Test (SPT)

INSITU TESTING



This test method supplies data on selected

engineering properties of soil intended to

help with design constructions of earthworks

and the foundations for structures. This test

method tests the soil in place and does not

obtain soil samples. The interpretation of the

result from this test method requires

knowledge of the types of soil penetrated.

Engineers often correlate the results of test

by this test method with laboratory or order

types of field test or directly with

performance.

Cone Penetration Test (CPT)

INSITU TESTING



The physical properties of soils are usually

determined by carrying out tests on

samples of soils in a laboratory. These test

can be divided into two main categories:

1) Classification test, which indicate the

general type of soil and the

engineering category to which it

belongs.

2) Tests for the assessment of

engineering properties, such as

shear strength, compressibility, and

permeability.

LABORATORY TESTING



Moisture or water content (w) of a soil has

previously been defined as the ratio of the

weight of water in the pores of a soil to the

weight of solids. The moisture content can be

measured in the laboratory by conducting a

moisture content test ASTM D2216.

The unit weight () of undisturbed soil samples can be determined in the

laboratory by measuring their physical dimension and weighting them (PB-

0204-76/SK SNI M-07-1993-03).

The specific gravity of soil (Gs) is the ratio of unit weight of soil to the unit

weight of water (ASTM D-854-91). Result of many specific gravity

determination on large numbers of soils indicate that values of 2.55 to 2.80

will bracket nearly all soils, with values for most soils being between 2.60

and 2.75.

LABORATORY TESTING

Moisture Content

Unit Weight

Specific Gravity


LABORATORY TESTING

Sieve Analysis

A sieve analysis is a laboratory test that

measures the grain size distribution of a soil by

passing it trough a series of sieves. The larger

sieves are identified by their opening size. The

table presents opening sizes according with

ASTM D422.

Sieve

Identification

Opening Size

(mm)

#4 4.75

#8 2.36

#10 2.00

#16 1.18

#20 0.850

#30 0.600

#40 0.425

#50 0.300

#60 0.250

#100 0.150

#140 0.106

#200 0.075


Hydrometer

Analysis

Hydrometer analysis

used to determine

the total amount of

fines particles

(ASTM D422).


LABORATORY TESTING


The Atterberg Limits consist of three separate

tests: the liquid limit test, the plastic limit test,

and the shrinkage limit test (ASTM D427 and

D4318).

Atterberg Limits


LABORATORY TESTING


The consolidation test is used for the determination of the consolidation

characteristic of soils of low permeability. The two parameters normally

acquired are:

1) The compressibility of the soil

(coefficient of volume compressi-

bility, Cc), which is a measure of the

amount by which the soil will

compress when loaded and allowed

to consolidate.

2) The time related parameter

(coefficient of consolidation, Cv),

which indicates the rates of

compression and hence the time

period over which consolidation

settlement will take place.

Consolidation


LABORATORY TESTING


The direct shear test (ASTM D3080) is used

for the determination of strength parameter of

soil. The two parameters acquired are

cohesion (c) and internal angle friction ().

The unconfined compression test (ASTM D2166), uses a

tall, cylindrical sample of cohesive soil subjected to an

axial load. This load applied quickly to maintain undrained

condition. The test result are often expressed in terms of

the compressive strength (qu).

Direct Shear Test

Unconfined Compression Test


LABORATORY TESTING


The triaxial compression test (ASTM

D2850) is used for the determination

of strength parameter of soil. The

two parameters acquired are

cohesion (c) and internal angle

friction ().

Triaxial Compression Test

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