Kuliah Embryology Jantung-dr Dyah

8/13/2019 Kuliah Embryology Jantung-dr Dyah

1/41

SPECIAL EMBRYOLOGY

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

DYAH PURNANING

MEDICAL FACULTY MATARAM UNIVERSITY


2/41


3/41

HEART DEVELOPMENT


4/41

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE

CARDIOGENIC FIELD

The vascular system appears in the

middle of the third week, when the

embryo is no longer able to satisfy its

nutritional requirements by diffusion alone.

The first indication of any cardiovascular

development occurs on approximately

day 18 or 19


5/41

ESTABLISHMENT OF THE

CARDIOGENIC FIELD, cont

At around day 18-19, clusters of

angiogenetic cells migrate from both sides

of the embryo medially towards the area of

the oropharyngeal membrane to form ahorse-shoe shaped plexus of vessels.

However, as the embryonic folding

progresses, it causes the developing

cardiogenic area (cardiogenic field).


6/41

Endothelial/ cardiac

tube


7/41

Hr 18 Hr 20


8/41

FORMATION AND POSITION OF THE

HEART TUBE

Lateral folding of the germ disc will cause

the two endothelial cardiac tubes to

approximate each other in the midline, and

eventually fuse together to form a single

endothelial cardiac tube. While the

excessive growth of the neural tubecauses the developing heart to acquire a

more ventral position.


9/41


10/41

FORMATION OF THE CARDIAC LOOP

The heart starts to beat on day 22

The heart tube continues to elongate and

bend on day 23.

The circulation does not start until days

2729

This bending, which may be due to cellshape changes, creates the cardiac loop

and it is complete by day 28.


11/41


12/41

PRIMITIVE HEART TUBE


13/41

Let`s see

-the ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CARDIOGENICFIELD- the FORMATION AND POSITION OF THEHEART TUBE- the FORMATION OF THE CARDIAC LOOP

EARLY HEART DEVELOPMENT.movEARLY HEART DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW.mov
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/EARLY%20HEART%20DEVELOPMENT.movhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/EARLY%20HEART%20DEVELOPMENT%20OVERVIEW.movhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/EARLY%20HEART%20DEVELOPMENT%20OVERVIEW.movhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/EARLY%20HEART%20DEVELOPMENT.mov


14/41

DEVELOPMENT OF

THE SINUS VENOSUS

In the middle of the fourth week, the sinus

venosus receives venous blood from the right

and left sinus horns

Each horn receives blood from three important

veins:

(a) the vitelline or omphalomesenteric vein(b) the umbilical vein

(c) the common cardinal vein.


15/41

- The entrance of the sinus shifts to the right.

- With obliteration of the left umbilical vein and the left vitelline vein

during the fifth week, the left sinus horn rapidly loses its importance


16/41

When the left common cardinal vein is obliteratedat 10 weeks, all that remains of the left sinus horn isthe oblique vein of the left atriumand the coronary

sinus


17/41

FORMATION OF THE

CARDIAC SEPTA

The major septa of the heart are formedbetween the 27th and 37th days ofdevelopment, when the embryo grows in lengthfrom 5 mm to approximately 16 to 17 mm.

One method by which a septum may be formedinvolves two actively growing masses oftissue that approach each other until they fuse,

dividing the lumen into two separate canals

The masses, known as endocardial cushions,


18/41

endocardial cushions develops in theatrioventricular and conotruncalregions.

In these locations they assist in formationof the atrial and ventricular

(membranous portion) septa, theatrioventricular canals and valves, andthe aortic and pulmonary channels.

FORMATION OF THE

CARDIAC SEPTA


19/41

Let`s seeFORMATION OF THE CARDIAC SEPTA- SEPTUM FORMATION IN THE COMMON ATRIUM

- SEPTUM FORMATION IN THE ATRIOVENTRICULAR CANAL- SEPTUM FORMATION IN THE TRUNCUS ARTERIOSUS AND CONUS CORDIS

- SEPTUM FORMATION IN THE VENTRICLE

INTERATRIAL SEPTUM DEVELOPMENT.movATRIOVENTRICULER CANAL.movAORTA PULMONARY TRUNK ANDINTERVENTRICULER SEPTUM.mov
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/INTERATRIAL%20SEPTUM%20DEVELOPMENT.movhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/ATRIOVENTRICULER%20CANAL.movhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/AORTA%20PULMONARY%20TRUNK%20AND%20INTERVENTRICULER%20SEPTUM.movhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/AORTA%20PULMONARY%20TRUNK%20AND%20INTERVENTRICULER%20SEPTUM.movhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/AORTA%20PULMONARY%20TRUNK%20AND%20INTERVENTRICULER%20SEPTUM.movhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/AORTA%20PULMONARY%20TRUNK%20AND%20INTERVENTRICULER%20SEPTUM.movhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/ATRIOVENTRICULER%20CANAL.movhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2/INTERATRIAL%20SEPTUM%20DEVELOPMENT.mov


20/41

CLINICAL CORRELATES

Endocardial Cushions and Heart Defects

Because of their key location, abnormalities

in endocardial cushion formation contribute

to many cardiac malformations, including

atrial and ventricular septal defects and

defects involving the great vessels (i.e.,

transposition of the great vessels andtetralogy of Fallot)


21/41

ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES

After the atrioventricular endocardial cushions fuse,each atrioventricular orifice is surrounded by localproliferations of mesenchymal tissue (Fig. 11.18A ).When the bloodstream hollows out and thins tissue onthe ventricular surface of these proliferations, valvesform and remain attached to the ventricular wall bymuscular cords (Fig. 11.18B).


22/41

FORMATION OF THE

CONDUCTING SYSTEM OF THE HEART

Initially the pacemaker for the heart lies in the caudalpart of the left cardiac tube. Later the sinus venosusassumes this function, and as the sinus is incorporatedinto the right atrium, pacemaker tissue lies near theopening of the superior vena cava. Thus, the sinuatrial

node is formed.

The atrioventricular node and bundle (bundle of His)are derived from two sources:

(a) cells in the left wall of the sinus venosus

(b) cells from the atrioventricular canal. Once the sinusvenosus is incorporated into the right atrium, these cellslie in their final position at the base of the interatrialseptum.


23/41

VASCULAR

DEVELOPMENT


24/41

ARTERIAL SYSTEM

aortic arches, arise from the aortic sac, themost distal part of the truncus arteriosus.

The aortic sac contributes a branch to each newarch as it forms, giving rise to a total of five pairsof arteries.

the five arches are numbered I, II, III, IV, and VI[Fig. 11.34].), some becomes modified, andsome vessels regress completely.


25/41


26/41

Hr 27 Hr 29


27/41

By day 27, most of the first aortic arch hasdisappeared (Fig. 11.34), although a small portionpersists to form the maxillary artery.

second aortic arch soon disappears. The remainingportions of this arch are the hyoid and stapedial

arteries. The third arch is large; the fourth and sixth arches are in

the process of formation. Even though the sixth arch isnot completed, the primitive pulmonary artery isalready present as a major branch (Fig. 11.34A).

In a 29-day embryo, the first and second aortic archeshave disappeared (Fig. 11.34B). The third, fourth, andsixth arches are large. The truncoaortic sac has dividedso that the sixth arches are now continuous with thepulmonary trunk.

ARTERIAL SYSTEM


28/41

ARTERIAL SYSTEM


29/41

The third aortic arch forms the common carotid arteryand the first part of the internal carotid artery. Theremainder of the internal carotid is formed by the cranialportion of the dorsal aorta. The external carotid artery

is a sprout of the third aortic arch.

The fourth aortic arch persists on both sides. On theleft it forms part of the arch of the aorta, between theleft common carotid and the left subclavian arteries. On

the right it forms the most proximal segment of the rightsubclavian artery, the distal part of which is formed bya portion of the right dorsal aorta and the seventhintersegmental artery (Fig. 11.35B).

ARTERIAL SYSTEM


30/41

The fifth aortic arch either never forms or

forms incompletely and then regresses.

The sixth aortic arch, also known as the

pulmonary arch, gives off an important

branch that grows toward the developing

lung bud

ARTERIAL SYSTEM


31/41

Lebih lengkap cek di

http://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/cva

nim/aarch/aarch.html

(animasi pembentukan sistem arteri)
http://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/cvanim/aarch/aarch.htmlhttp://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/cvanim/aarch/aarch.htmlhttp://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/cvanim/aarch/aarch.htmlhttp://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/cvanim/aarch/aarch.html


32/41

Vitelline and Umbilical Arteries

The vitelline arteries In the adult they are

represented by the celiac, superior

mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric arteries.

The umbilical arteries,After birth the proximal

portions persist as the internal iliac andsuperior vesical arteries, and the distal parts

are obliterated to form the medial umbilical

ligaments.

ARTERIAL SYSTEM


33/41

A patent ductus arteriosus, one of the most frequently

occurring abnormalities of the great vessels (8/10,000births), especially in premature infants, either may be anisolated abnormality or may accompany other heart

defects

coarctation of the aorta (Fig. 11.37,A and B), whichoccurs in 3.2/10,000 births, the aortic lumen below theorigin of the left subclavian artery is significantly

narrowed.two types, preductal and postductal. Thecause of aortic narrowing is primarily an abnormality inthe media of the aorta, followed by intima proliferations.

Abnormal origin of the right subclavian artery

ARTERIAL SYSTEM DEFECTS


34/41

Co AAbnormal origin of the

right subclavian artery

ARTERIAL SYSTEM DEFECTS


35/41

VENOUS SYSTEM

In the fifthweek, three pairs of major veins can bedistinguished:

(a) the vitelline veins, or omphalomesentericveins, carrying blood from the yolk sac to the

sinus venosus(b) the umbilical veins, originating in the chorionic

villi and carrying oxygenated blood to theembryo After birth the left umbilical vein

obliterated and form the ligamentum tereshepatis

(c) the cardinal veins, draining the body of theembryo proper (Fig. 11.41).


36/41


37/41


38/41

VENOUS

SYSTEM

DEFECTS


39/41

Cek prenatal and postnatalcirculation di

http://www.indiana.edu/~anat5

50/cvanim/fetcirc/fetcirc.html
http://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/cvanim/fetcirc/fetcirc.htmlhttp://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/cvanim/fetcirc/fetcirc.htmlhttp://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/cvanim/fetcirc/fetcirc.htmlhttp://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/cvanim/fetcirc/fetcirc.html


40/41

THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

The lymphatic system begins its

development later than the cardiovascular

system, not appearing until the fifth week

of gestation. The origin of lymphaticvessels is not clear, but they may form

from mesenchyme in situ or may arise as

saclike outgrowths from the endotheliumof veins


41/41

Cek lebih lengkapnya dihttp://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/cvanim/http://www.med.yale.edu/intmed/cardio/chd/contents/index.htmlYale atlas of CHD)http://pediatriccardiology.uchicago.edu/MP/embryology/embryology.htmlhttp://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/cardiovascular/animations.html

TERIMAKASIH
http://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/cvanim/http://www.med.yale.edu/intmed/cardio/chd/contents/index.htmlhttp://pediatriccardiology.uchicago.edu/MP/embryology/embryology.htmlhttp://pediatriccardiology.uchicago.edu/MP/embryology/embryology.htmlhttp://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/cardiovascular/animations.htmlhttp://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/cardiovascular/animations.htmlhttp://pediatriccardiology.uchicago.edu/MP/embryology/embryology.htmlhttp://pediatriccardiology.uchicago.edu/MP/embryology/embryology.htmlhttp://www.med.yale.edu/intmed/cardio/chd/contents/index.htmlhttp://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/cvanim/

Kuliah Embryology Jantung-dr Dyah

Documents

Transcript of Kuliah Embryology Jantung-dr Dyah