Kuliah BBL-2 Mf
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Transcript of Kuliah BBL-2 Mf
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Perilaku
Bahan-Bahan ListrikKuliah
Bahan-Bahan Listrik
Elektro UNDIP
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2003 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning
is a trademark used herein under license.
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Illustration
(a) Charge carriers, such aselectrons, are deflected byatoms or defects and take anirregular path through aconductor. The average rateat which the carriers move isthe drift velocity v.
(b) Valence electrons in themetallic bond move easily.(c) Covalent bonds must bebroken in semiconductorsand insulators for anelectron to be able to move.
(d) Entire ions must diffuseto carry charge in manyionically bonded materials.
2003Brooks/Cole,adivisionofThomson
Learning,Inc.ThomsonLearningisatrademarkused
herein
underlicense.
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Mean free path
The average distance
that electrons can
move without being
scattered by other
atoms.
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.time
charge
I
.sec
coulomb1ampere1
A
IJ~
Current density
Current
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Current density
The current flowing
through per unit cross-
sectional area.
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AR
A
1R
Electrical resistance
where is the electrical conductivity
is the electrical resistivity
R
A
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VI
R
JV
E
V
I JAV
V
R
V A
1R
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Electric fieldThe voltage gradient or
volts per unit length.
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V
dx
dV
dx
dVE
Edx
dVV
E
J~
Electric field
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v E
v = E
Drift velocity
where is the mobility
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Drift velocity & Mobility
Drift velocity - The average rate
at which electrons or other
charge carriers move through a
material under the influence of anelectric or magnetic field.
Mobility - The ease with which a
charge carrier moves through a
material.
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Several Terms
Current density - The current flowing throughper unit cross-sectional area.
Electric field - The voltage gradient or volts per
unit length.
Drift velocity - The average rate at which
electrons or other charge carriers move througha material under the influence of an electric or
magnetic field.
Mobility - The ease with which a charge carrier
moves through a material.
Dielectric constant - The ratio of the permittivityof a material to the permittivity of a vacuum,
thus describing the relative ability of a material
to polarize and store a charge; the same as
relative permittivity.
IJA
Edx
dVV
v E
ro
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Several terms
Valence band - The energy levels filled byelectrons in their lowest energy states.
Conduction band - The unfilled energy levels
into which electrons can be excited to
provide conductivity.
Energy gap (Bandgap) - The energy between
the top of the valence band and the bottom of
the conduction band that a charge carriermust obtain before it can transfer a charge.
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