KS3 Science

Working

Scientifically

Home learningName : _____________________________________

Class : ______________________________________

Teacher : ___________________________________

In this topic you will learn about:• The basics of planning, conducting and analysing

experiments in a safe and scientific way

Practical Skills:• How to use various different scientific equipment

• How to make measurements

• How to record your observations

This topic has links to:

Maths in science: • How to use units

• How to calculate a mean

• How to draw graphs

BBC bitesize → shorturl.at/nquwJ

Maths made easy → https://mathsmadeeasy.co.uk/ks3-revision/

1

Task 1 – Safety and equipment

In & On

Can you remember the name of each of these hazard symbols?

Date: / / .

2

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

Starter

Write down a safety rule for when you are:

1. In a science lab

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2. Conducting an experiment._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Safety taskUse your knowledge of the safety rules in science to highlight or underline what SpongeBob, Patrick and Gary are doing wrong!

3

Scientific equipmentUse information given about common pieces of scientific equipment to identify which pieces would be needed and the reasons why on the next page:

4

Name Picture Use

Beaker Pouring liquids

Bunsen burner Heating and burning

Gauze matPlaced on top of a tripod to support

beakers/conical flasks

Spatula Used for transferring powdered chemicals

PipetteUsed for measuring/transferring small

volumes of liquids

Heat proof

mat

Protects the desks from heat. Should be

placed underneath a Bunsen burner

Conical flaskUsed for mixing chemicals/conducting

reactions

Tripod Used for support objects over a Bunsen burner

Test/boiling

tubeUsed for mixing/heating chemicals

ThermometerUsed measuring the temperature

Measuring

cylinderUsed to measure out liquids

Experiment Equipment Reason for equipment

1. Mixing an acid

and an alkali

and checking

the temperature

change.

2. Heating 100ml

of water to 60°C

3. Separating salt

from a salt water

solution

4. Burning a

piece of

magnesium in a

Bunsen burner

5

Task 2 – Units and measurements

In & On

Rearrange the letters to find the key word

Date: / / .

6

Starter

Can you list the different things you will need to consider when

planning an experiment?

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

6

Units

Can you guess what the units for the following measurements are:

• Energy

• Force

• Time

• Area

• Electric current

• Power7

Measurement Equipment Challenge : Units

1. Mass of sugar

2. Length of desk

3. Volume of water

4. Temperature of a

room

For each measurement in the table suggest what equipment you woulduse. Think back to task 1 if you’re struggling.

Challenge

Do you know units you would use for each?

For each scenario write down what the measurement would be including the units.

1 2

3 4

65

Emily is making a cake. She poursflour on the scales. She adds sugar tothe flour. How much sugar has she

added?

Task 3 – Bunsen burners

In & On

Solve the puzzle

Tip – Each row and each column add up to the number at the end

Date: / / .

9

Robert Bunsen developed the Bunsen burner and has been placed

as a Google Doodle. _______________ is also observed as Bunsen

Burner Day.

Mr. Bunsen also discovered ________________ and rubidium with

Gustav Kirchhoff. He was one of the most successful chemists in

__________ during the 1800s.

With his laboratory assistant, ______________ Desaga, he developed

the Bunsen_________________an improvement on the laboratory

burners then in use.

A _________ burner produces a single open gas

__________which is used for heating, sterilization, and___________.

March 31st 2011 Peter Bunsen

Burner March 31st Germany

Combustion Flame Caesium

Use the words in the box below to fill

in the gaps:

Use the description below to help you label your Bunsen burner.

Chimney:

This is where the gas mixes with the air

before it is burnt.

Air Hole:

This controls the amount of air

that can mix with the gas.

Nozzle (or jet):

This releases the gas in a thin

stream, so that it can be burnt.

Collar:

This can be turned to control the type

of flame.

Base:

This wide to stop the burner falling

over.

Hose:

This pipe brings gas to the Bunsen

burner from the gas tap.

Use the description below to help you complete your table.

Roaring Flame:

•Air hole open, lots of air mixes with the gas

•Noisy, blue flame

•Very hot flame

•Used for heating things quickly

Blue Flame:

•Air hole half-open, so some air mixes with the gas

•Light blue flame, which is quieter than the roaring flame

•Flame is quite hot

•Used for heating liquids, especially if you are using a boiling tube.

Safety Flame:

•Air hole closed, so hardly any air mixes with the gas

•Quiet, bright yellow flame

•Flame is not as hot as the medium flame

•Not used for heating, because the flame leaves a layer of soot on things.

Label your Bunsen Burner

11

Challenge: Why is it important to keep the hose safely away

from the flame?

Include the name and a description of each component.. If

you are stuck collect a Hints and Tips sheet from the front.

12

Task 4 – Variables and Risk assessmentsDate: / / .

Hypotheses – Fill in the blanks

A ____________________ is a an ______________ or ___________________

which can be tested experimentally.

We use hypotheses help us plan ________________.

A hypothesis should include the _________________ of an experiment.

Variables idea explanation

hypothesis experiments

A variable is any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differingamounts or types.

An experiment usually has three kinds of variables:

•

•

•

The variable you change

to see what happens.

The factors that stay the

same in the experiment.

The variable you measure.

Independent variable

Dependent variable

Control variable

Match up the variables to their definitions

Variables - Dependent and independent

Hypothesis Independent variable Dependent variable

The height a ball is

dropped from

affects the height it

bounces?

The temperature of

water affects how

long it takes to

cook a piece of

potato?

The force applied

to a spring affect

the amount it

extends?

The temperature of

water affect how

much salt can

dissolve in it?

For each experiment work out the independent, dependent variables.

14

Variables - Controls

Hypothesis Control variableHow to keep it the

same

The height a ball is

dropped from

affects the height it

bounces?

The temperature of

water affects how

long it takes to

cook a piece of

potato?

The force applied

to a spring affect

the amount it

extends?

The temperature of

water affect how

much salt can

dissolve in it?

For each experiment work out the independent, dependent variables.

15

Risk assessments

The temperature of water affects how long it takes to cook a piece of potato?

Hazard Risk Control

The force applied to a spring affect the amount it extends?

Hazard Risk Control

Challenge

Can you complete a risk assessment for the lab?

Hazard Risk Control

When completing a risk assessment there are three things to consider:

• Hazards – these are what can cause harm

• Risks – these are how the hazards can cause harm

• Controls – these are how you stop/reduce the risks

Task 5 – Data and tables

In & On

Solve the maths puzzles

1.Marilou is thinking of a number x. The number is less than one hundred. If five sixths of the number is 60, what is two thirds of it?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________x =

2. A brick weighs one kilogram plus half of the brick. What is the weight of one brick?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Full brick =

Date: / / .

17

Types of data

Continuous – Has values that can be any number

Discontinuous – Has values that are words or discrete numbers

Organise these sets of data into continuous and discontinuous.

Data Continuous Discontinuous

Which town were you born in?

How tall are you?

What is your eye colour?

What is the weight of this cake?

What is the volume of water?

What is your hand span?

What is your favourite food?

How fast can you run 100m?

1. Does the height a ball is dropped from affects the height itbounces?

2. Does the force applied to a spring affect the amount it extends?

3. Does the temperature of water affect how much salt can dissolve in it?

Results tables

Results tables are essential for recording data from experiments.

In a results table we need to record what we change and what we measure. Therefore we must include:

• Independent variable – what we change

• Dependent variable – what we measure

Complete results table for the following experiments:

Means

To calculate a mean we add all the numbers in the set then divide the answer by how many numbers we had.

Find the mean from these numbers:

1. 5,3,4

Mean = .

2. 10, 11, 1, 7

Mean = .

3. 15, 8, 7, 10

Mean = .

4. 14, 2, 4, 1, 4

Mean = .

5. 7, 8, 5, 10, 4, 2

Mean = .

6. 24, 26, 32, 17, 1

Mean = .

7. 0.2, 0.1, 0.5, 0.3

Mean = .

8. 20, 9, 3, 8, 8, 8

Mean = .

9. 17, 18, 15, 10, 8, 2, 10

Mean = .

10. 0,0,0,0,0,18

Mean = .

Task 6 – Bar charts Date: / / .

What 4 mistakes can you spot on this graph?

Mistakes

•

•

•

•

Write the numbers 0-100 along the line at regular intervals

Find 20 , 70 and 65 on your scale, mark where they are

Write the numbers 0-10 along the line at regular intervals

Find 3 , 8 , and 0.5 on your scale, mark where they are

Write the numbers 0-1 along the line at regular intervals

Find 0.1 , 0.5 and 0.85 on your scale, mark where they are

Bar Charts

= 1 cm

Yr. 7 Working scientifically lesson 6

Drawing a bar chart

Eye ColourNumber of

Pupils

Blue 8

Brown 14

Green 3

Other 1

1. What is the independent variable?

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

2. What is the dependent variable?

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

3. Draw a bar chart for the class data on graph paper

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

4. What does the graph tell us?

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

Yr. 7 Working scientifically lesson 6

Interpreting bar charts

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Favourite Subjects in Years 5 & 6

1. Which is the most popular subject?

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

2. Which is the least popular subject?

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

3. How many are there children altogether in Years 5 & 6?

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

4. How many more children chose literacy as their favourite

subject than numeracy?

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

5. Which subjects did four children favour?

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

Task 7 – Line graphsDate: / / .

Force (N) Extension (mm)

0 0

1 25

2 45

3 70

4 90

5 115

6 140

7 160

8 185

The table shows how the

force applied to a spring

affects the extension of the

spring.

1. Plot a graph of Force vs

Extension

2. Work out the extension

of the spring if the force

applied is:

a) 5.5N

b) 7.8N

c) 9.0N

Time (mins) Temperature (ºC)

0 70

2 55

4 45

6 40

8 36

10 33

12 31

14 30

16 30

The table shows how a cup

of tea has cooled

1. Plot a graph of time vs

temperature

2. Work the temperature

of the tea at the times:

a) 1 min

b) 9mins

c) 18 mins

Task 8 – Conclusions

In and On

Write as many sentence connectives as you can think of.

Date: / / .

28

Number Statement

was the lowest temperature.

I had stated that that the hotter the water the more salt would dissolve

into it.

I have found that the most salt dissolved when the water was 90ºC

which…

my prediction was correct as

The least amount of salt dissolved at 20ºC which

The pattern showed that…

was the highest temperature

Arrange these statements in the correct order:

A conclusion is a decision made after looking at evidence – such as the results of an experiment.

A conclusion section in an investigation report must be organised to make it easy to follow.

Conclusions must:

Be valid – which means that it must be drawn from the results

Not say things that cannot be worked out from the results

Include data from your results

Link to your hypothesis

Use scientific words

ConclusionsMia burnt different types of wood and measure the

temperature increase of some water. She predicated that if

she burnt the same volume of wood, the temperature rise

would be the same.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Oak Maple Cedar Pine

Tem

pe

ratu

re in

cre

ase

of

wa

ter

/ ºC

Type of wood

Temperature increase of 300cm3 of water heated for 2 minutes by

burning 30cm3 of different types of wood.

Oak

Maple

Cedar

Pine

Write a conclusion for this experiment.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

29

Additional notes______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

30

ConclusionsTom poured boiling water into a two cans; one painted white

the other painted black. He predicated that the black can

would cool faster than the white can because it would give

off more heat in the same time.

Write a conclusion for this experiment.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

31

Additional notes______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

32

Answers

Task 1 – Safety and equipment

33

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8

harmful corrosive health risk Wear goggles

explosive toxic Radioactive flammable

Write down a safety rule for when you are:

1. In a science lab

1. You must not enter the lab without a teacher.

2. No eating or drinking – by anyone at any time.

3. Don’t touch any equipment unless instructed to do so.

2. Conducting an experiment.

1. Goggles must be worn at all times.

2. All chairs and bags must be tucked under the desks

3. Long hair must be tied back.

4. Don’t carry hazards around the room i.e dangerous chemicals, hot water, naked flames.

5. Ensure that there is always at least one person attending the experiment.

6. If anything breaks tell a teachers straight away!

Safety taskUse your knowledge of the safety rules in science to highlight or underline what SpongeBob, Patrick and Gary are doing wrong!

34

Experiment Equipment Reason for equipment

1. Mixing an acid

and an alkali

and checking

the temperature

change.

• Measuring cylinder to measure out each liquid

• Conical flask to mix the liquids

• Thermometer to measure the temperature

2. Heating 100ml

of water to 60°C

• Measuring cylinder to ensure you have the

correct amount

• Beaker/conical flask to heat the water in

• Thermometer to measure the temperature of

the water

• Bunsen burner to heat the water

• Tripod to hold the beaker above the Bunsen

• Gauze to support the beaker on the tripod

• Heat proof mat protect the desk

3. Separating salt

from a salt water

solution

• Evaporating dish to heat the solution in

• Bunsen burner to heat the solution

• Tripod to hold the dish above the Bunsen

• Clay triangle support the dish on the tripod

• Heat proof mat protect the desk

4. Burning a

piece of

magnesium in a

Bunsen burner

• Bunsen burner to heat the magnesium

• Tongs to hold the magnesium

• Filter to protect the eyes from UV

35

Task 2 – Units and measurements

In & On

Rearrange the letters to find the key word

Date: / / .

36

Starter

Can you list the different things you will need to consider when

planning an experiment?

36

A P P A R A T U S

➢ Safety

➢ What you’re going to change

➢ What you are going to measure

➢ What you will keep the same

➢ How you will measure all of the variables

➢ How you will record your results

Units

Can you guess what the units for the following measurements are:

• Energy

• Force

• Time

• Area

• Electric current

• Power37

Measurement Equipment Challenge : Units

1. Mass of sugar BalanceKilograms – kg

Grams - g

2. Length of desk Rule or tape measure

Millimetres (mm)

Centimetres (cm)

Metres (m)

3. Volume of water Measuring cylinder

Millilitres (ml)

Litres (l)

Centimetres cubed

(cm3)

4. Temperature of a

roomThermometer

Degrees Celsius (°C)

Kelvin (K)

For each measurement in the table suggest what equipment you woulduse. Think back to task 1 if you’re struggling.

Challenge

Do you know units you would use for each?

➢ Joules (J)

➢ Newton (N)

➢ Second (s)

➢ Metres squared (m2)

➢ Amps (A)

➢ Watt (W)

For each scenario write down what the measurement would be including the units.

1 2

3 4

65

Emily is making a cake. She poursflour on the scales. She adds sugar tothe flour. How much sugar has she

added?

750g 550g

3 kilograms 80g

24kg 150g

Task 3 – Bunsen burners

In & On

Solve the puzzle

Tip – Each row and each column add up to the number at the end

Date: / / .

39

Robert Bunsen developed the Bunsen burner and has been placed

as a Google Doodle. March 31st is also observed as Bunsen Burner

Day.

Mr. Bunsen also discovered Ceasium and rubidium with Gustav

Kirchhoff. He was one of the most successful chemists in Germany

during the 1800s.

With his laboratory assistant, Peter Desaga, he developed the

Bunsen Burner an improvement on the laboratory burners then in

use.

A Bunsen burner produces a single open gas

Flame which is used for heating, sterilization, and combustion.

March 31st 2011 Peter Bunsen

Burner March 31st Germany

Combustion Flame Caesium

Use the words in the box below to fill

in the gaps:

Label your Bunsen Burner

40

Challenge: Why is it important to keep the hose safely away

from the flame?

Include the name and a description of each component.. If

you are stuck collect a Hints and Tips sheet from the front.

Air Hole:

This controls the amount of

air that can mix with the

gas.

Collar:

This can be turned to

control the type of flame.Hose:

This pipe brings gas to

the Bunsen burner from

the gas tap.

Base:

This wide to stop the

burner falling over.

Nozzle (or jet):

This releases the gas in

a thin stream, so that it

can be burnt.

Chimney:

This is where the gas mixes

with the air before it is

burnt.

The hose is rubber and could catch fire. This could then

mean that the gas inside ignites which can be very

dangerous

41

Roaring Flame:

•Air hole open, lots of air mixes with the gas

•Noisy, blue flame

•Very hot flame

•Used for heating things quickly

Safety Flame:

•Air hole closed, so hardly any air mixes with the gas

•Quiet, bright yellow flame

•Flame is not as hot as the medium flame

•Not used for heating, because the flame leaves a layer of

soot on things.

Blue Flame:

•Air hole half-open, so some air mixes with the gas

•Light blue flame, which is quieter than the roaring

flame

•Flame is quite hot

•Used for heating liquids, especially if you are using a

boiling tube.

Task 4 – Variables and Risk assessmentsDate: / / .

Hypotheses – Fill in the blanks

A hypothesis is a an idea or explanation which can be tested

experimentally.

We use hypotheses help us plan experiments.

A hypothesis should include the variables of an experiment.

Variables idea explanation

hypothesis experiments

A variable is any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differingamounts or types.

An experiment usually has three kinds of variables:

• Dependent

• Independent

• Control

The variable you change

to see what happens.

The factors that stay the

same in the experiment.

The variable you measure.

Independent variable

Dependent variable

Control variable

Match up the variables to their definitions

Variables - Dependent and independent

Hypothesis Independent variable Dependent variable

The height a ball is

dropped from

affects the height it

bounces?

The temperature of

water affects how

long it takes to

cook a piece of

potato?

The force applied

to a spring affect

the amount it

extends?

The temperature of

water affect how

much salt can

dissolve in it?

For each experiment work out the independent, dependent variables.

43

The height the ball

is dropped from

The height the ball

bounces

The temperature of

waterThe time taken for

the potato to cook

The force applied

to a spring

The amount the

spring extends

The temperature of

water

The amount of salt

which can dissolve

before saturation

Variables - Controls

Hypothesis Control variable How to keep it the same

The height a ball is

dropped from

affects the height it

bounces?

The temperature of

water affects how

long it takes to

cook a piece of

potato?

The force applied

to a spring affect

the amount it

extends?

The temperature of

water affect how

much salt can

dissolve in it?

For each experiment work out the independent, dependent variables.

44

• The type of ball

• The surface the

ball dropped onto

• How the ball is

dropped

• Use the same ball

each time

• Drop the ball in the

same place each

time

• Ensure the ball is not

thrown

• The volume of

water

• The size & shape

of the potato

• The type of potato

• Measure out the water

using a measuring

cylinder

• Cut the potato the same

each time using a ruler

• Use the same potato for

the pieces

• The type of spring

• The points on the

spring which are

measured

• Use the same spring each

time

• Measure between the

same two points on the

spring each time

• The volume of

water

• The type of salt

• Measure out the water

using a measuring

cylinder

• Use the salt from the

same tub each time

Risk assessments

The temperature of water affects how long it takes to cook a piece of potato?

The force applied to a spring affect the amount it extends?

Challenge

Can you complete a risk assessment for the lab?

When completing a risk assessment there are three things to consider:

• Hazards – these are what can cause harm

• Risks – these are how the hazards can cause harm

• Controls – these are how you stop/reduce the risks

Task 5 – Data and tables

In & On

Solve the maths puzzles

1.Marilou is thinking of a number x. The number is less than one hundred. If five sixths of the number is 60, what is two thirds of it?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________x =

2. A brick weighs one kilogram plus half of the brick. What is the weight of one brick?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Full brick =

Date: / / .

46

Types of data

Continuous – Has values that can be any number

Discontinuous – Has values that are words or discrete numbers

Organise these sets of data into continuous and discontinuous.

Data Continuous Discontinuous

Which town were you born in?

How tall are you?

What is your eye colour?

What is the weight of this cake?

What is the volume of water?

What is your hand span?

What is your favourite food?

How fast can you run 100m?

𝟓

𝟔𝒙 = 𝟔𝟎 𝒙 =

𝟔

𝟓𝟔𝟎

𝒙 = 𝟕𝟐

𝑯𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒃𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒌 = 𝟏𝒌𝒈

𝑭𝒖𝒍𝒍 𝒃𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒌 = 𝟐𝒌𝒈

𝑯𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒃𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒌 + 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒇 𝒃𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒌= 𝟏𝒌𝒈 + 𝟏𝒌𝒈

1. Does the height a ball is dropped from affects the height itbounces?

Height dropped (cm) Height bounced (cm)

2. Does the force applied to a spring affect the amount it extends?

Temperature (ºC) Time (s)

3. Does the temperature of water affect how much salt can dissolve in it?

Force applied (N) Extension (mm)

Results tables

Results tables are essential for recording data from experiments.

In a results table we need to record what we change and what we measure. Therefore we must include:

• Independent variable – what we change

• Dependent variable – what we measure

Complete results table for the following experiments:

Means

To calculate a mean we add all the numbers in the set then divide the answer by how many numbers we had.

Find the mean from these numbers:

1. 5,3,45+3+4= 12 12/3 = 4Mean = 4 .

2. 10, 11, 1, 710+11+1+7 = 29 29/4 = 7.25Mean = 7.25 .

3. 15, 8, 7, 1015+8+7+10 = 40 40/4 = 10Mean = 10 .

4. 14, 2, 4, 1, 414+2+4+1+4 = 25 25/5 = 5Mean = 5 .

5. 7, 8, 5, 10, 4, 27+8+5+10+4+2 = 36 36/6 = 6Mean = 6 .

6. 24, 26, 32, 17, 124+26+32+17+1 = 100 100/5 = 20Mean = 20 .

7. 0.2, 0.1, 0.5, 0.30.2+0.1+0.5+0.3 = 1.1 1.1/4 = 0.28Mean = 0.28 .

8. 20, 9, 3, 8, 8, 820+9+3+8+8+8 = 56 56/6 = 9.33Mean = 9.33 .

9. 17, 18, 15, 10, 8, 2, 1017+18+15+10+8+2+10 = 80 80/7 = 11.43Mean = 11.43 .

10. 0,0,0,0,0,180+0+0+0+0+18 = 18 18/6 = 3Mean = 3 .

Task 6 – Bar charts Date: / / .

What 4 mistakes can you spot on this graph?

Mistakes

• Not drawn with a ruler

• Axis not scaled correctly

• Bars different widths

• Y-axis not labelled

Write the numbers 0-100 along the line at regular intervals

Find 20 , 70 and 65 on your scale, mark where they are

Write the numbers 0-10 along the line at regular intervals

Find 3 , 8 , and 0.5 on your scale, mark where they are

Write the numbers 0-1 along the line at regular intervals

Find 0.1 , 0.5 and 0.85 on your scale, mark where they are

Drawing a bar chart

Eye ColourNumber of

Pupils

Blue 8

Brown 14

Green 3

Other 1

1. What is the independent variable?

Eye colour

2. What is the dependent variable?

Number of pupils with that particular eye colour

3. Draw a bar chart for the class data on graph paper

4. What does the graph tell us?

Most students have brown eyes

Yr. 7 Working scientifically lesson 6

Interpreting bar charts

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Favourite Subjects in Years 5 & 6

1. Which is the most popular subject?

P.E

2. Which is the least popular subject?

Design and tech

3. How many are there children altogether in Years 5 & 6?

60

4. How many more children chose literacy as their favourite

subject than numeracy?

5

5. Which subjects did four children favour?

Geography and Music

Task 7 – Line graphsDate: / / .

Force (N) Extension (mm)

0 0

1 25

2 45

3 70

4 90

5 115

6 140

7 160

8 185

The table shows how the

force applied to a spring

affects the extension of the

spring.

1. Plot a graph of Force vs

Extension

2. Work out the extension

of the spring if the force

applied is:

a) 5.5N

b) 7.8N

c) 9.0N

Time (mins) Temperature (ºC)

0 70

2 55

4 45

6 40

8 36

10 33

12 31

14 30

16 30

The table shows how a cup

of tea has cooled

1. Plot a graph of time vs

temperature

2. Work the temperature

of the tea at the times:

a) 1 min

b) 9mins

c) 18 mins

53

54

Task 8 – Conclusions

In and On

Write as many sentence connectives as you can think of.

Date: / / .

55

Number Statement

4 was the lowest temperature.

7I had stated that that the hotter the water the more salt would dissolve

into it.

1I have found that the most salt dissolved when the water was 90ºC

which…

6 my prediction was correct as

3 The least amount of salt dissolved at 20ºC which

5 The pattern showed that…

2 was the highest temperature

Arrange these statements in the correct order:

A conclusion is a decision made after looking at evidence – such as the results of an experiment.

A conclusion section in an investigation report must be organised to make it easy to follow.

Conclusions must:

Be valid – which means that it must be drawn from the results

Not say things that cannot be worked out from the results

Include data from your results

Link to your hypothesis

Use scientific words

thatand

next

whilethereforemoreover

however

but if

whereas

becausein contrast

ConclusionsMia burnt different types of wood and measure the

temperature increase of some water. She predicated that if

she burnt the same volume of wood, the temperature rise

would be the same.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Oak Maple Cedar Pine

Tem

pe

ratu

re in

cre

ase

of

wa

ter

/ ºC

Type of wood

Temperature increase of 300cm3 of water heated for 2 minutes by

burning 30cm3 of different types of wood.

Oak

Maple

Cedar

Pine

Write a conclusion for this experiment.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

56

Marking points

• The temperature rise wasn’t the same for each wood

• The results show that maple rose by 40ºC while pine only rose 14ºC

• The finding disagree with Mia’s prediction

• Use of connectives to link the sentences

ConclusionsTom poured boiling water into a two cans; one painted white

the other painted black. He predicated that the black can

would cool faster than the white can because it would give

off more heat in the same time.

Write a conclusion for this experiment.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

57

Marking points

• The rate of cooling was greater for the black can however they both ended up at 30ºC after 55 minutes

• The results show that at 30 minutes the black can had cooled to 25ºC whereas the white can was still at 40ºC

• The results agreed with Toms prediction

• Use of connectives