Mathematics Department KS3 Mathematics (Year 7) Scheme of ...
KS3 Science tests Mark scheme for Papers 1 and 2
60
3 K E Y S T A G E K E Y S T A G E 3 K E Y S T A G E 3 K E Y S T A G E Science tests Mark scheme for Papers 1 and 2 2003 3 3–7 KEY STAGE LEVELS Sc 2003
Transcript of KS3 Science tests Mark scheme for Papers 1 and 2
3KEY STAGE
KEY STAGE
3KEY STAGE
3KEY STAGE
Science tests
Mark scheme forPapers 1 and 22003
3
3–7
KEY STAGE
LEVELS
Sc20
03
2
2003 KS3 Science Mark Scheme Tiers 3–6 and 5–7 Introduction
Tier Q No 1/2k use observations, measurements and other data to draw Tier Q No3–6 12 conclusions 3–6 125–7 2 2/2i the role of lung structure in gas exchange, including the effect of 5–7 2
smoking3/2i about possible effects of burning fossil fuels on the environment,
for example, production of acid rain, carbon dioxide and solidparticles, and how these effects can be minimised
Part Mark Answer Accept Additional guidance
(a) (i) answers may be in eitherorder
1 *Amy and Kisham both answers are requiredfor the mark
(ii) 1 any one from*traffic pollution or air 'pollution' is insufficientpollution
*passive smoking*faulty gas fires or faulty gasheaters
Introduction
The test papers will be marked by external markers. The markers will follow the mark
scheme in this booklet, which is provided here to inform teachers.
This booklet includes the mark scheme for paper 1 and paper 2 in both tiers.
The structure of the mark scheme for tiers 3–6 and 5–7
The mark scheme for each question shows:
■ the teaching points from the key stage 3 programme of study;
■ the marks available for each part of the question;
■ the total marks available for the question;
■ the answer or answers expected, indicated by an asterisk;
■ acceptable alternatives to the given answer;
■ additional guidance to assist markers in making professional judgements.
When a question appears in an identical form in both tiers, the answers to the question
are given only once in the mark scheme. For clarity, both question numbers are given.
The following example, from tier 3–6 paper 1 question 12 and from tier 5–7 paper 1
question 2, illustrates this.
Where more than one answer is acceptable, this is indicated in the mark scheme by
‘any one from’. Each possible correct answer is marked with an asterisk. In some cases,
alternative answers are indicated by ‘or’.
3
2003 KS3 Science Mark Scheme Tiers 3–6 and 5–7 Introduction
In the following example from part (b) of tier 3–6 paper 2 question 8, an answer giving
‘water’ and ‘minerals’ will be awarded two marks. However, an answer which gives
‘minerals’ and ‘nitrates’ will be given only one mark, as both points are correct
answers for the same mark.
In the ‘Accept’ column there may be:
■ examples of answers which are acceptable, although they do not correspond exactly
to the expected answers;
■ some examples of higher level answers, which could be given by higher attaining
pupils answering questions on the lower levels in the tier.
In the ‘Additional guidance’ column there may be:
■ examples of answers which are not acceptable;
Part Mark Answer Accept Additional guidance
(b) 2 any two from*oxygen*water*minerals or nutrients accept a named mineral such
as 'nitrate'accept two named mineralssuch as 'nitrates' and'phosphates' for two marks
Part Mark Answer Accept Additional guidance
(b) 1 any one from the answer must include* how many seeds accept 'which seeds grow at both a dependent and an
germinated at different different temperatures?' independent variabletemperatures?
* how many seeds grew or award one mark forstarted to grow at different identifying temperature astemperatures? the independent variable
*how long does it take seeds accept 'how does and either the number ofto grow or germinate at temperature affect seeds germinating or thedifferent temperatures? germination?' time taken to germinate as
accept 'which is the best the dependent variabletemperature for seeds to grow?'
accept statements which are do not accept a conclusionnot framed as questions such such as 'more seeds grew atas 'the number of seeds higher temperatures'germinating at different do not accept 'how long doestemperatures' it take for lettuce seeds to
germinate?' as there is noreference to temperature
In the following example, from part (b) of tier 3–6 paper 1 question 2, the statement in
bold type in the ‘Additional guidance’ column is given in order to indicate the general
requirements of that part of the question.
4
2003 KS3 Science Mark Scheme Tiers 3–6 and 5–7 Introduction
■ a reminder, in questions involving calculations, that consequential marking may
be used;
■ instructions on action in the event of consequential marking (see below);
■ guidance to markers where pupils have not followed the instructions on the question.
Marking
The number of marks available for each part of a question and the maximum number
of marks for the question as a whole are shown on the test paper. Every part of a
question which has been attempted by a pupil will be marked and an indication given
where every mark has been awarded. Half marks will not be given in any question.
The total number of marks awarded for all the parts of questions on a double page will
be written in the box at the bottom of the right-hand page. This is the only number that
markers will write on a pair of facing pages. In many instances, this will be the sum
of marks awarded for two questions. The total number of marks obtained on the paper
will be recorded on the front of the test paper.
The total number of marks available is 180 in tier 3–6 and 150 in tier 5–7.
Using professional judgement in marking
The instructions given in the mark scheme will enable the markers to decide whether
pupils have correctly answered a particular question. However, there will be instances
where an answer given by a pupil does not correspond to any of the possible responses
shown in the mark scheme. In such cases, markers will apply their professional
judgement to decide if credit should be given. They will consider whether the response:
■ is equivalent to those listed;
■ conveys the ideas underlying the question as outlined in the statement in the
‘Additional guidance’ column in the mark scheme, if one is given.
If any doubt persists, markers will consult with their supervisors for guidance.
Marking misspellings of words
If a pupil misspells a word, markers will apply the following procedures:
■ if it is clear that the pupil has made a simple error, eg ‘tow’ for ‘two’ or ‘Son’ for
‘Sun’, then the incorrect spelling will be accepted and the mark awarded;
■ if a pupil misspells a word copied from the text of the question or from a selection
given, and the new word does not have any inappropriate meaning, the incorrect
spelling will be accepted and the mark awarded;
■ if specific scientific vocabulary is required in the answer, a creditworthy misspelling
must be a phonetic equivalent of the required word, with the major syllables of the
correct word represented in the answer.
5
2003 KS3 Science Mark Scheme Tiers 3–6 and 5–7 Introduction
Marking lists of alternative answers
In some instances, pupils give more than one answer to a single question. If any of the
answers given is incorrect, the mark will not be awarded, irrespective of the order in
which the answers are given. In some cases, a correct answer is given alongside other
answers which, while correct, would be insufficient for the mark. In these cases, the
mark will be given for the correct answer.
Marking questions containing calculations
Some questions require pupils to perform calculations. Where two marks are available,
they are advised to show their working. Pupils who do not show their working but give
the correct answer will be awarded full marks.
The result of one calculation may be required in order to carry out further calculations.
In such instances:
■ the term 'consequential marking' appears in the ‘Additional guidance’ column;
■ a pupil's result for the first calculation is treated as the starting point for the
second;
■ the pupil is awarded full credit for the second calculation if it is carried out
correctly, even if the result of the first calculation was wrong.
Marking answers given in the wrong place
In some cases, pupils may write correct answers in the wrong part of the question.
Markers will use professional judgement to decide whether a pupil has correctly
understood the question and simply written the answer in the wrong place. Similarly, if
pupils identify an answer by a cross or other indication when a tick is required, they will
be given credit for their responses.
Awarding levels
The sum of the marks gained on both papers determines the level awarded. A copy of
the level threshold tables which show the mark ranges for the award of different levels
will be sent to each school by QCA in July 2003.
Schools will be notified of pupils’ results by means of a marksheet, which will be
returned to schools by the External Marking Agency with the pupils’ marked scripts.
The marksheet will include pupils’ scores on the test papers and the levels awarded.
The 2003 key stage 3 science tests and mark schemes were developed by the
University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate and the Centre for Research
into Primary Science and Technology (CRIPSAT) on behalf of QCA.
6
2003 KS3 Science Mark Scheme Tiers 3–6 and 5–7 Introduction
Q
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Total
Sc1 Sc2 Sc3 Sc4
4
4
6
4
2 2
7
3 3
5
5
1 4
5
6
5
1 4
4
6
5
4
20 24 17 29
TIER 3–6 Paper 2
Q
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Total
TIER 3–6 Paper 1
38 49 46 47
180
TotalP1 + 2
Overall
Sc1 Sc2 Sc3 Sc4
6
4
4
5
6
1 3 1
1 2
4
3 1
4
6
1 2 1
7
6
7
1 4
6
4
18 25 29 18
Mark Allocation Grid: Tier 3–6
7
2003 KS3 Science Mark Scheme Tiers 3–6 and 5–7 Introduction
The requirements of the Introduction to the Programme of Study apply across Sc1, Sc2, Sc3 and Sc4.
The Mark Allocation Grids on this pair of pages show the context of these questions in relation to Sc1, Sc2, Sc3 and Sc4.
Sc1 Sc2 Sc3 Sc4
6
1 2 1
7
6
7
1 4
6
4
5
4
2 4
5
2 4
4
9 24 24 18
TIER 5–7 Paper 1
Sc1 Sc2 Sc3 Sc4
1 4
5
6
5 4
1 4
4
6
5
4
5
5
4
6
6
4
24 17 14 20
TIER 5–7 Paper 2
33 41 38 38
150
TotalP1 + 2
Overall
Q
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Total
Q
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Total
Mark Allocation Grid: Tier 5–7
2003
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3 S
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3 S
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acce
pt
'hyd
roge
n o
ret
hano
lor
alco
hol d
oes
not
caus
e ac
id r
ain'
Q N
o6
Tie
r3–
61/
2jus
e d
iagr
ams,
tab
les,
cha
rts
and
gra
phs
, inc
lud
ing
lines
of b
est
fit, t
o id
entif
y an
d d
escr
ibe
pat
tern
s or
rel
atio
nshi
ps
in d
ata
3/1b
how
the
par
ticle
the
ory
of m
atte
r ca
n b
e us
ed t
o ex
pla
in t
he p
rop
ertie
s of
sol
ids,
liq
uid
s an
d g
ases
, inc
lud
ing
chan
ges
ofst
ate,
gas
pre
ssur
e an
d d
iffus
ion
3/1e
how
ele
men
ts c
omb
ine
thro
ugh
chem
ical
rea
ctio
ns t
o fo
rm c
omp
ound
s, fo
r ex
amp
le, w
ater
, car
bon
dio
xid
e, m
agne
sium
oxid
e, s
odiu
m c
hlor
ide,
mos
t m
iner
als,
with
a d
efini
te c
omp
ositi
on3/
2iab
out
pos
sib
le e
ffect
s of
bur
ning
foss
il fu
els
on t
he e
nviro
nmen
t, fo
r ex
amp
le, p
rod
uctio
n of
aci
d r
ain,
car
bon
dio
xid
e an
dso
lid p
artic
les,
and
how
the
se e
ffect
s ca
n b
e m
inim
ised
4/5a
abou
t th
e va
riety
of e
nerg
y re
sour
ces,
incl
udin
g oi
l, ga
s, c
oal,
bio
mas
s, fo
od, w
ind
, wav
es a
nd b
atte
ries,
and
the
dis
tinct
ion
bet
wee
n re
new
able
and
non
-ren
ewab
le r
esou
rces
Q N
o6
Tie
r3–
6
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 3
–6 P
aper
One
14
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
1*
The
Moo
n is
nea
rer
to t
he E
arth
th
an t
he S
un is
.✓
(b)
(i)1
*11
.16
(ii)
1*
it d
ecre
ased
or
wen
t d
own
bec
ause
the
Moo
n b
lock
ed t
he S
un's
hea
t o
rra
yso
rra
dia
tion
Tota
l3
bo
thth
e an
swer
and
the
rea
son
are
req
uire
d fo
rth
e m
ark
do
not
acce
pt
'it b
lock
ed t
he S
un's
ligh
t'
acce
pt
any
num
ber
from
11.
15 t
o 11
.17
acce
pt
'the
re w
as n
o su
nlig
ht t
o gi
ve h
eat'
acce
pt
'the
re w
as n
o S
un t
o m
ake
it w
arm
'ac
cep
t 't
here
was
no
heat
from
the
Sun
'ac
cep
t 't
here
was
no
Sun
'
if m
ore
than
one
box
is t
icke
d, a
war
d n
o m
ark
Q N
o7
Tie
r3–
61/
2kus
e ob
serv
atio
ns, m
easu
rem
ents
and
oth
er d
ata
to d
raw
con
clus
ions
4/4b
the
rela
tive
pos
ition
s of
the
Ear
th, S
un a
nd p
lane
ts in
the
sol
ar s
yste
m4/
5gth
at a
lthou
gh e
nerg
y is
alw
ays
cons
erve
d, i
t m
ay b
e d
issi
pat
ed, r
educ
ing
its a
vaila
bili
ty a
s a
reso
urce
Q N
o7
Tie
r3–
6
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 3
–6 P
aper
One
15
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
1*
rule
r✓
if m
ore
than
one
box
is t
icke
d, a
war
d n
o m
ark
(b)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
tub
es h
ad d
iffer
ent
wid
ths
*th
e tu
bes
had
diff
eren
t b
ores
*he
ble
w in
diff
eren
t w
ays
*d
iffer
ent
thic
knes
s of
pap
er*
diff
eren
t p
aper
(c)
1*
the
long
er t
ube
will
mak
e a
low
er s
ound
✓if
mor
e th
an o
ne b
ox is
tic
ked
, aw
ard
no
mar
k
(d)
1*
5
Tota
l4
do
not
acce
pt
'diff
eren
t le
ngth
s'ac
cep
t 't
ubes
had
diff
eren
t sh
apes
'
acce
pt
'tub
es w
ere
diff
eren
t si
zes'
acce
pt
'tub
es a
re o
ne b
ig, o
ne m
ediu
m, o
ne li
ttle
'
Q N
o8
Tie
r3–
61/
2cca
rry
out
pre
limin
ary
wor
k an
d t
o m
ake
pre
dic
tions
, whe
re a
pp
rop
riate
1/2d
cons
ider
key
fact
ors
that
nee
d t
o b
e ta
ken
into
acc
ount
whe
n co
llect
ing
evid
ence
, and
how
evi
den
ce m
ay b
e co
llect
ed in
cont
exts
,for
exa
mp
le, fi
eld
wor
k, s
urve
ys, i
n w
hich
the
var
iab
les
cann
ot r
ead
ily b
e co
ntro
lled
1/2e
dec
ide
the
exte
nt a
nd r
ange
of d
ata
to b
e co
llect
ed a
nd t
he t
echn
ique
s, e
qui
pm
ent
and
mat
eria
ls t
o us
e, fo
r ex
amp
le,
app
rop
riate
sam
ple
siz
e fo
r b
iolo
gica
l wor
k1/
2kus
e ob
serv
atio
ns, m
easu
rem
ents
and
oth
er d
ata
to d
raw
con
clus
ions
Q N
o8
Tie
r3–
6
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 3
–6 P
aper
One
16
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
light
tra
vels
fast
er t
han
soun
d*
soun
d t
rave
ls m
ore
slow
ly t
han
light
(b)
(i)1
*a
bar
hal
fway
bet
wee
n 8
and
10
seco
nds
(ii)
1*
C
(iii)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
the
stor
m b
ecam
e cl
oser
the
n m
oved
furt
her
away
*to
war
ds
then
aw
ay fr
om O
mar
*th
e d
ista
nce
dec
reas
ed t
hen
incr
ease
d
Tota
l4
the
top
of t
he b
ar m
ust
be
in t
he m
idd
le t
hird
bet
wee
n 8
and
10
acce
pt
'3.0
'
acce
pt
'the
sto
rm p
asse
d o
ver'
or
'it p
asse
d b
y'
acce
pt
'at
flash
A O
mar
was
clo
ser
and
at
flash
FO
mar
was
furt
her'
acce
pt
'it in
crea
sed
'ac
cep
t 'it
wen
t fu
rthe
r aw
ay'
do
not
acce
pt
'ligh
t tr
avel
s fa
st' o
r 's
ound
tra
vels
slow
'd
on
otac
cep
t'li
ght
trav
els
bef
ore
soun
d'
acce
pt
'ligh
t tr
avel
s fa
ster
'ac
cep
t 's
ound
tra
vels
slo
wer
'ac
cep
t 'li
ght
is fa
ster
tha
n so
und
'
Q N
o9
Tie
r3–
61/
2ius
e a
wid
e ra
nge
of m
etho
ds,
incl
udin
g d
iagr
ams,
tab
les,
cha
rts,
gra
phs
and
ICT,
to
rep
rese
nt a
nd c
omm
unic
ate
qua
litat
ive
and
qua
ntita
tive
dat
a1/
2jus
e d
iagr
ams,
tab
les,
cha
rts
and
gra
phs
, inc
lud
ing
lines
of b
est
fit, t
o id
entif
y an
d d
escr
ibe
pat
tern
s or
rel
atio
nshi
ps
in d
ata
1/2k
use
obse
rvat
ions
, mea
sure
men
ts a
nd o
ther
dat
a to
dra
w c
oncl
usio
ns4/
3ith
at li
ght
can
trav
el t
hrou
gh a
vac
uum
but
sou
nd c
anno
t, a
nd t
hat
light
tra
vels
muc
h fa
ster
tha
n so
und
Q N
o9
Tie
r3–
6
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 3
–6 P
aper
One
17
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
if m
ore
than
one
line
is d
raw
n fr
om e
ither
m
etho
d, a
war
d n
o m
ark
for
that
met
hod
1*
1*
(b)
(i)1
*no
ligh
tac
cep
t 'n
o ra
ys fr
om t
he S
un'
do
not
acce
pt
'no
heat
from
the
Sun
'ac
cep
t 'n
o su
nshi
ne'
acce
pt
'not
eno
ugh
light
'ac
cep
t 'it
is d
ark'
acce
pt
'the
y ca
nnot
col
lect
the
Sun
's e
nerg
y at
ni
ght'
acce
pt
'bec
ause
the
y ne
ed li
ght
to w
ork'
acce
pt
'no
Sun
'
(ii)
1*
it m
ight
not
be
win
dy
acce
pt
'no
win
d'
*th
e w
ind
mig
ht n
ot b
e st
rong
eno
ugh
acce
pt
'nee
ds
air
mov
emen
t' o
r'w
ind
'ac
cep
t 's
omet
imes
the
win
d is
wea
k'
acce
pt
'som
etim
es t
he w
ind
is s
tron
ger'
Tota
l4
Q N
o10
Tie
r3–
64/
5aab
out
the
varie
ty o
f ene
rgy
reso
urce
s, in
clud
ing
oil,
gas,
coa
l, b
iom
ass,
food
, win
d, w
aves
and
bat
terie
s, a
nd t
he d
istin
ctio
nb
etw
een
rene
wab
le a
nd n
on-r
enew
able
res
ourc
es4/
5cth
at e
lect
ricity
is g
ener
ated
by
mea
ns o
f a v
arie
ty o
f ene
rgy
reso
urce
s
Q N
o10
Tie
r3–
6
air
mov
emen
t
chem
ical
s
sunl
ight
heat
sola
r ce
lls
pet
rol g
ener
ator
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 3
–6 a
nd 5
–7 P
aper
One
18
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
1*
vert
ebra
tes
(b)
3*
(i)*
(ii)
*(ii
i)
(c)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
pad
dle
sha
ped
*fin
-lik
e*
wid
e b
ones
*st
ream
lined
(d)
1*
they
are
ligh
tac
cep
t 't
hey
mak
e th
e b
ird li
ghte
r'
Tota
l6
do
not
acce
pt
'it is
big
' or
'it is
str
ong'
do
not
acce
pt
'it c
an p
add
le in
wat
er'
'it is
flex
ible
' is
insu
ffici
ent
acce
pt
'larg
e su
rfac
e'ac
cep
t 'it
is t
hick
'ac
cep
t 'it
is a
big
fin'
acce
pt
'big
bon
es'
awar
d o
ne m
ark
for
each
cor
rect
lab
el
do
not
acce
pt
'war
m b
lood
ed'
acce
pt
'ani
mal
s w
ith b
ackb
ones
'
Q N
o11 1
Tie
r3–
65–
7
1/2j
use
dia
gram
s, t
able
s, c
hart
s an
d g
rap
hs, i
nclu
din
g lin
es o
f bes
t fit
, to
iden
tify
and
des
crib
e p
atte
rns
or r
elat
ions
hip
s in
dat
a2/
2eth
e ro
le o
f the
ske
leto
n an
d jo
ints
and
the
prin
cip
le o
f ant
agon
istic
mus
cle
pai
rs, f
or e
xam
ple
,bic
eps
and
tric
eps,
inm
ovem
ent
2/4b
to c
lass
ify li
ving
thi
ngs
into
the
maj
or t
axon
omic
gro
ups
2/5c
how
som
e or
gani
sms
are
adap
ted
to
surv
ive
dai
ly a
nd s
easo
nal c
hang
es in
the
ir ha
bita
ts
Q N
o11 1
Tie
r3–
65–
7
ulna
rad
ius
hum
erus
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 3
–6 a
nd 5
–7 P
aper
One
19
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
(i)1
*A
my
and
Kis
ham
(ii)
1an
yo
nefr
om
*tr
affic
pol
lutio
n o
rai
r p
ollu
tion
*p
assi
ve s
mok
ing
*fa
ulty
gas
fire
s o
rfa
ulty
gas
hea
ters
(b)
2an
y tw
ofr
om*
smok
ers
have
a h
ighe
r co
ncen
trat
ion
of c
arb
on
mon
oxid
e in
the
blo
od
*th
e b
lood
of s
mok
ers
cont
ains
or
tran
spor
tsle
ss o
xyge
n*
smok
ers
bre
athe
mor
e q
uick
ly t
otr
y to
get
en
ough
oxy
gen
or
air
Tota
l4
do
not
acce
pt
'sto
ps
the
blo
od t
akin
g up
oxy
gen'
do
not
acce
pt
'less
oxy
gen
gets
into
the
lung
s'
acce
pt
'the
y ha
ve a
lot
of c
arb
on m
onox
ide
inth
eir
blo
od'
acce
pt
'not
eno
ugh
oxyg
en g
ets
to t
he m
uscl
eso
rto
oth
er p
arts
of t
he b
ody
or
to t
he o
ther
cel
ls'
acce
pt
'sm
oke
cont
ains
car
bon
mon
oxid
e'o
rac
cep
t 's
mok
ers
bre
athe
in m
ore
carb
onm
onox
ide'
'pol
lutio
n' is
insu
ffici
ent
answ
ers
may
be
in e
ither
ord
er
bo
than
swer
s ar
e re
qui
red
for
the
mar
k
Q N
o12 2
Tie
r3–
65–
7
1/2k
use
obse
rvat
ions
, mea
sure
men
ts a
nd o
ther
dat
a to
dra
w c
oncl
usio
ns2/
2ith
e ro
le o
f lun
g st
ruct
ure
in g
as e
xcha
nge,
incl
udin
g th
e ef
fect
of s
mok
ing
3/2i
abou
t p
ossi
ble
effe
cts
of b
urni
ng fo
ssil
fuel
s on
the
env
ironm
ent,
for
exam
ple
, pro
duc
tion
of a
cid
rai
n, c
arb
on d
ioxi
de
and
solid
par
ticle
s, a
nd h
ow t
hese
effe
cts
can
be
min
imis
ed
Q N
o12 2
Tie
r3–
65–
7
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 3
–6 a
nd 5
–7 P
aper
One
20
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
(i)1
*ce
ll m
emb
rane
1*
cyto
pla
sm
(ii)
2an
y tw
ofr
om*
cell
wal
l*
chlo
rop
last
*la
rge
vacu
ole
(b)
1*
1*
1*
Tota
l7
if m
ore
than
one
line
is d
raw
n fr
om a
ny c
ell o
rfu
nctio
n, a
war
d n
o m
ark
for
thos
e lin
kage
sab
sorb
s lig
htw
hite
blo
od c
ell
to p
reve
ntd
isea
se
leaf
cel
ltr
ansp
ort
so
xyg
ento
dig
est f
ood
cell
in th
ein
test
ine
trap
sm
icro
-org
anis
ms
for
resp
iratio
n
red
blo
od c
ell
prod
uces
enz
ymes
for
pho
tosy
nthe
sis
answ
ers
mus
t b
e in
the
cor
rect
ord
erac
cep
t 'm
emb
rane
'
acce
pt
'chl
orop
hyll'
acce
pt
'vac
uole
'
Q N
o13 3
Tie
r3–
65–
7
2/1b
the
func
tions
of c
hlor
opla
sts
and
cel
l wal
ls in
pla
nt c
ells
and
the
func
tions
of t
he c
ell m
emb
rane
, cyt
opla
sm a
nd n
ucle
us in
bot
h p
lant
and
ani
mal
cel
ls2/
1eto
rel
ate
cells
and
cel
l fun
ctio
ns t
o lif
e p
roce
sses
in a
var
iety
of o
rgan
ism
s
Q N
o13 3
Tie
r3–
65–
7
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 3
–6 a
nd 5
–7 P
aper
One
21
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
(i)2
mag
nesi
um+
* o
xyge
n →
* m
agne
sium
oxi
de
(ii)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
the
oxyg
en h
ad m
ass
*ox
ygen
was
ad
ded
to
the
mag
nesi
um*
the
mag
nesi
um h
as r
eact
ed w
ithox
ygen
(b)
1*
oxyg
enac
cep
t 'O
2'
(c)
1*
zinc
oxi
de
acce
pt
'ZnO
'
(d)
1*
Tota
l6
all t
hree
tick
s ar
e re
qui
red
for
the
mar
kch
emic
alch
ang
ep
hysi
cal
chan
ge
A✓
B✓
C✓
acce
pt
'mag
nesi
um h
as g
aine
d a
n el
emen
t'ac
cep
t 'm
agne
sium
is n
ow p
art
of a
com
pou
nd'
do
not
acce
pt
form
ulae
do
not
acce
pt
'air'
for
oxyg
en
Q N
o14 4
Tie
r3–
65–
7
3/1e
how
ele
men
ts c
omb
ine
thro
ugh
chem
ical
rea
ctio
ns t
o fo
rm c
omp
ound
s, fo
r ex
amp
le, w
ater
, car
bon
dio
xid
e, m
agne
sium
oxid
e, s
odiu
m c
hlor
ide,
mos
t m
iner
als,
with
a d
efini
te c
omp
ositi
on3/
2ath
at w
hen
phy
sica
l cha
nges
, for
exa
mp
le, c
hang
es o
f sta
te, f
orm
atio
n of
sol
utio
ns, t
ake
pla
ce, m
ass
is c
onse
rved
3/2g
how
mas
s is
con
serv
ed w
hen
chem
ical
rea
ctio
ns t
ake
pla
ce b
ecau
se t
he s
ame
atom
s ar
e p
rese
nt, a
lthou
gh c
omb
ined
ind
iffer
ent
way
s3/
3aho
w m
etal
s re
act
with
oxy
gen,
wat
er, a
cid
s an
d o
xid
es o
f oth
er m
etal
s, a
nd w
hat
the
pro
duc
ts o
fthe
se r
eact
ions
are
Q N
o14 4
Tie
r3–
65–
7
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 3
–6 a
nd 5
–7 P
aper
One
22
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
(i)1
*
(ii)
1*
evap
orat
ion:
P1
*m
eltin
g:R
(b)
(i)1
*liq
uid
(ii)
1*
carb
on1
*hy
dro
gen
(iii)
1*
carb
on d
ioxi
de
Tota
l7
acce
pt
'CO
2'ac
cep
t 'c
arb
on m
onox
ide'
or
'CO
'ac
cep
t 'c
arb
on' o
r's
oot'
answ
ers
mus
t b
e in
the
cor
rect
ord
er
all t
hree
lines
mus
t b
e co
rrec
t fo
r th
e m
ark
PQ
RS
Q N
o15 5
Tie
r3–
65–
7
3/1a
how
mat
eria
ls c
an b
e ch
arac
teris
ed b
y m
eltin
g p
oint
, boi
ling
poi
nt a
nd d
ensi
ty3/
1bho
w t
he p
artic
le t
heor
y of
mat
ter
can
be
used
to
exp
lain
the
pro
per
ties
of s
olid
s, li
qui
ds
and
gas
es, i
nclu
din
g ch
ange
s of
stat
e, g
as p
ress
ure
and
diff
usio
n3/
1cth
at t
he e
lem
ents
are
sho
wn
in t
he p
erio
dic
tab
le a
nd c
onsi
st o
f ato
ms,
whi
ch c
an b
e re
pre
sent
ed b
y sy
mb
ols
3/2c
to r
elat
e ch
ange
s of
sta
te t
o en
ergy
tra
nsfe
rs3/
2iab
out
pos
sib
le e
ffect
s of
bur
ning
foss
il fu
els
on t
he e
nviro
nmen
t, fo
r ex
amp
le, p
rod
uctio
n of
aci
d r
ain,
car
bon
dio
xid
e an
dso
lid p
artic
les,
and
how
the
se e
ffect
s ca
n b
e m
inim
ised
Q N
o15 5
Tie
r3–
65–
7
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 3
–6 a
nd 5
–7 P
aper
One
23
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
(i)1
*ci
rcui
t A
:se
ries
circ
uit
B:
par
alle
l
(b)
(i)1
*th
e ci
rcui
t o
rhe
atin
g el
emen
t w
ill s
top
wor
king
(ii)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
the
circ
uit
or
elem
ent
will
con
tinue
to
wor
k*
one
wire
will
not
hea
t th
e w
ind
ow
(c)
(i)1
*th
erm
al
acce
pt
'hea
t'
(ii)
1*
from
solid
toliq
uid
toga
s
Tota
l5
all t
hree
stat
es a
re r
equi
red
for
the
mar
kac
cep
t ' fr
omso
lidto
liqui
dto
vap
our
or
stea
m'
acce
pt
'from
ice
tow
ater
tova
pou
ro
rga
s'
do
not
acce
pt
'it b
reak
s th
e he
ater
or
elem
ent
or
it'
'not
hing
'or
'it w
ill n
ot b
e af
fect
ed' a
re in
suffi
cien
t
do
not
acce
pt'
it b
ecom
es c
oole
r'd
on
otac
cep
t'it
doe
s no
t wor
k p
rop
erly
'
acce
pt
'it w
ill n
ot w
ork'
or
'it w
ill b
e of
f'ac
cep
t 't
he w
hole
circ
uit
has
no c
urre
ntth
roug
hit'
acce
pt
'it b
ecom
es c
oole
r'
acce
pt
'the
bot
tom
one
has
no
curr
ent
thro
ugh
it'ac
cep
t 'it
will
wor
k le
ss w
ell'
acce
pt
'the
bot
tom
wire
bec
omes
coo
ler'
bo
than
swer
s ar
e re
qui
red
for
the
mar
k
Q N
o16 6
Tie
r3–
65–
7
3/1b
how
the
par
ticle
the
ory
of m
atte
r ca
n b
e us
ed t
o ex
pla
in t
he p
rop
ertie
s of
sol
ids,
liq
uid
s an
d g
ases
, inc
lud
ing
chan
ges
ofst
ate,
gas
pre
ssur
e an
d d
iffus
ion
4/1a
how
to
des
ign
and
con
stru
ct s
erie
s an
d p
aral
lel c
ircui
ts, a
nd h
ow t
o m
easu
re c
urre
nt a
nd v
olta
ge4/
1bth
at t
he c
urre
nt in
a s
erie
s ci
rcui
t d
epen
ds
on t
he n
umb
er o
f cel
ls a
nd t
he n
umb
er a
nd n
atur
e of
oth
er c
omp
onen
ts a
nd t
hat
curr
ent
is n
ot 'u
sed
up
' by
com
pon
ents
4/5e
way
s in
whi
ch e
nerg
y ca
n b
e us
eful
ly t
rans
ferr
ed a
nd s
tore
d
Q N
o16 6
Tie
r3–
65–
7
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 3
–6 a
nd 5
–7 P
aper
One
24
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
1*
grav
itatio
nal p
ull o
f the
Sun
o
rth
e S
un's
gra
vity
(b)
2an
y tw
ofr
om*
its a
vera
ge s
pee
d is
low
er
*fo
r m
ost
of it
s or
bit
the
Sun
's g
ravi
ty is
less
*its
orb
it is
long
er
*fo
r m
ost
of it
s or
bit
it is
furt
her
from
the
Sun
(c)
(i)1
*lig
ht fr
om t
he S
un1
*re
flect
s of
f Plu
to a
nd N
eptu
ne o
rth
e p
lane
ts
or
them
(ii)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
it is
sm
alle
r*
it re
flect
s le
ss li
ght
*it
abso
rbs
mor
e lig
ht
Tota
l6
awar
d t
he s
econ
d m
ark
only
for
'the
Sun
refl
ects
off t
he p
lane
ts'
do
not
acce
pt
'it is
furt
her
away
(fro
m t
he E
arth
)'o
r'it
is fu
rthe
r fr
om t
he S
un'
do
not
acce
pt
'it is
dar
ker'
acce
pt fo
r tw
o m
arks
'sun
light
refle
cts
offt
hem
'
acce
pt 'i
t is
smal
l'
acce
pt 'i
t is
dark
er a
nd s
mal
ler'
acce
pt 'i
ts s
peed
is s
low
er' o
r'it
trav
els
mor
esl
owly
'ac
cep
t 't
he p
ull o
f the
Sun
is w
eake
r' o
r'g
ravi
tyis
less
'ac
cep
t 'it
tra
vels
furt
her'
or
'the
orb
it is
big
ger'
acce
pt
'it is
furt
her
from
the
Sun
' or
'furt
her
away
'
acce
pt
'gra
vity
' ac
cep
t 'w
eigh
t'
Q N
o17 7
Tie
r3–
65–
7
4/4c
abou
t th
e m
ovem
ents
of p
lane
ts a
roun
d t
he S
un a
nd t
o re
late
the
se t
o gr
avita
tiona
l for
ces
4/4d
that
the
Sun
and
oth
er s
tars
are
ligh
t so
urce
s an
d t
hat
the
pla
nets
and
oth
er b
odie
s ar
e se
en b
yre
flect
ed li
ght
Q N
o17 7
Tie
r3–
65–
7
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 3
–6 a
nd 5
–7 P
aper
One
25
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
answ
ers
may
be
in e
ither
ord
er
(a)
1*
A a
ndB
bo
than
swer
s ar
e re
qui
red
for
the
mar
k
(b)
(i)1
any
one
from
*th
e lo
nger
the
str
ing,
the
long
er it
take
s*
the
long
er t
he s
trin
g th
e m
ore
time
it ta
kes
(ii)
1*
A a
ndC
and
D
(c)
1*
E:
10.0
acce
pt
'10'
F: f
rom
18
to 2
5
Tota
l4
bo
than
swer
s ar
e re
qui
red
for
the
mar
k
refe
renc
es t
o b
oth
leng
th a
nd t
ime
are
req
uire
dfo
r th
e m
ark
answ
ers
may
be
in a
ny o
rder
all t
hree
answ
ers
are
req
uire
d fo
r th
e m
ark
acce
pt th
e co
nver
se
acce
pt 'B
and
Can
dD
' if p
art (
a) is
cor
rect
Q N
o18 8
Tie
r3–
65–
7
1/2k
use
obse
rvat
ions
, mea
sure
men
ts a
nd o
ther
dat
a to
dra
w c
oncl
usio
ns1/
2ld
ecid
e to
wha
t ex
tent
the
se c
oncl
usio
ns s
upp
ort
a p
red
ictio
n or
ena
ble
furt
her
pre
dic
tions
to
be
mad
e 1/
2oco
nsid
er w
heth
er t
he e
vid
ence
is s
uffic
ient
to
sup
por
t an
y co
nclu
sion
s or
inte
rpre
tatio
ns m
ade
Q N
o18 8
Tie
r3–
65–
7
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 5–
7 P
aper
One
26
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
1an
y o
ne fr
om
*fo
r tr
ansp
ort
or
for
blo
od o
rp
lasm
a*
it is
nee
ded
for
swea
t o
rfo
r co
olin
g
*fo
r te
ars
*it
is a
sol
vent
*fo
r ge
ttin
g rid
of w
aste
*it
is n
eed
ed fo
r ga
s ex
chan
ge*
it is
a lu
bric
ant
*it
is p
art
of t
he c
ytop
lasm
(b)
2an
y tw
ofr
om*
whi
te b
lood
cel
ls*
(pro
duc
e) a
ntib
odie
s o
ran
titox
ins
*p
reve
nt fu
rthe
r in
fect
ions
or
des
troy
the
tox
ino
rp
oiso
n
(c)
(i)1
any
one
from
*so
tha
t th
e p
atie
nt d
oes
not
get
chol
era
*so
the
poi
son
doe
s no
t p
reve
nt t
he la
rge
inte
stin
efr
om a
bso
rbin
gw
ater
(ii)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
no n
eed
for
inje
ctio
ns*
som
e p
eop
le a
re a
frai
d o
f nee
dle
s*
less
or
no r
isk
of in
fect
ion
Tota
l5
do
not
acce
pt
'sm
all i
ntes
tine'
do
not
acce
pt
'so
they
can
be
vacc
inat
ed a
gain
stse
vera
l dis
ease
s'
acce
pt 't
he p
erso
n m
ight
die
'ac
cept
'int
estin
e' fo
r la
rge
inte
stin
e
acce
pt 'i
t doe
s no
t hur
t'
acce
pt 'd
estr
oy o
rki
ll th
e ba
cter
ia'
'it s
top
s th
e b
ody
bec
omin
g d
ehyd
rate
d' o
r'it
keep
s us
hyd
rate
d' a
re in
suffi
cien
tac
cep
t 'it
sto
ps
cells
bec
omin
g d
ehyd
rate
d'
acce
pt
'allo
ws
chem
ical
rea
ctio
ns t
o ta
ke p
lace
'ac
cep
t 'fo
r d
iges
tion'
Q N
o9
Tie
r5–
72/
2dth
at fo
od is
use
d a
s a
fuel
dur
ing
resp
iratio
n to
mai
ntai
n th
e b
ody'
s ac
tivity
and
as
a ra
w m
ater
ial f
or g
row
th a
nd r
epai
r2/
2nho
w t
he g
row
th a
nd r
epro
duc
tion
of b
acte
ria a
nd t
he r
eplic
atio
n of
viru
ses
can
affe
ct h
ealth
, and
how
the
bod
y's
natu
ral
def
ence
s m
ay b
e en
hanc
ed b
y im
mun
isat
ion
and
med
icin
es
Q N
o9
Tie
r5–
7
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 5–
7 P
aper
One
27
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
in t
he e
ggs
and
sp
erm
*on
chr
omos
omes
(b)
3an
y th
ree
from
*ch
oose
zeb
ras
whi
ch lo
ok m
ost
like
qua
ggas
*
bre
ed fr
om t
hem
or
cros
s th
em*
choo
se t
he m
ost
qua
gga-
like
offs
prin
g *
bre
ed fr
om t
he o
ffsp
ring
*re
pea
t th
e p
roce
ss
Tota
l4
acce
pt fo
r tw
o m
arks
'mat
e th
e ze
bras
with
mos
tqu
agga
gen
es'
answ
ers
mus
t re
fer
to b
oth
eggs
and
sper
m
'by
sexu
al r
epro
duc
tion'
isin
suffi
cien
t
acce
pt 'g
amet
es' o
r's
ex c
ells
'ac
cept
'DN
A'
acce
pt 'a
t fer
tilis
atio
n'
Q N
o10
Tie
r5–
72/
4aab
out
envi
ronm
enta
l and
inhe
rited
cau
ses
of v
aria
tion
with
in a
sp
ecie
s2/
4cth
at s
elec
tive
bre
edin
g ca
n le
ad t
o ne
w v
arie
ties
Q N
o10
Tie
r5–
7
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 5–
7 P
aper
One
28
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
1*
calc
ium
chl
orid
e d
on
otac
cep
tth
e fo
rmul
a
(b)
(i)1
any
one
from
*a
gas
or
carb
on d
ioxi
de
or
CO
2w
as g
iven
off
*w
ater
or
H2O
was
form
ed a
nd d
rain
ed a
way
or
evap
orat
ed
(ii)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
the
soils
at
B a
nd C
con
tain
no
acid
or
are
not
acid
ic*
soil
B is
neu
tral
and
soi
l C is
alk
alin
e*
the
pH
is h
ighe
r o
rto
o hi
gh
(iii)
1*
acid
rai
n
(c)
(i)1
*an
y va
lue
grea
ter
than
960
but
sm
alle
r th
an 9
84
(ii)
1an
y o
nefr
om
*ca
nnot
con
trol
the
env
ironm
enta
l var
iab
les
invo
lved
*p
H o
f soi
l may
var
y*
cann
ot p
red
ict
rain
fall
dur
ing
this
tim
e *
cann
ot p
red
ict
tem
per
atur
e d
urin
gth
is t
ime
Tota
l6
acce
pt 'd
ata
in th
e ta
ble
coul
d be
unr
elia
ble'
do
not
acce
pt
'che
mic
al w
eath
erin
g'ac
cept
'the
che
mic
als
form
ed a
re w
ashe
d aw
ay'
acce
pt 'c
alci
um c
hlor
ide
is m
ore
solu
ble
than
calc
ium
car
bona
te'
acce
pt a
reco
gnis
able
met
hod
of lo
wer
ing
the
pHof
the
soil
Q N
o11
Tie
r5–
71/
2dco
nsid
er k
ey fa
ctor
s th
at n
eed
to
be
take
n in
to a
ccou
nt w
hen
colle
ctin
g ev
iden
ce, a
nd h
ow e
vid
ence
may
be
colle
cted
inco
ntex
ts,f
or e
xam
ple
, fiel
dw
ork,
sur
veys
, in
whi
ch t
he v
aria
ble
s ca
nnot
rea
dily
be
cont
rolle
d1/
2kus
e ob
serv
atio
ns, m
easu
rem
ents
and
oth
er d
ata
to d
raw
con
clus
ions
3/2g
how
mas
s is
con
serv
ed w
hen
chem
ical
rea
ctio
ns t
ake
pla
ce b
ecau
se t
he s
ame
atom
s ar
e p
rese
nt, a
lthou
gh c
omb
ined
ind
iffer
ent
way
s3/
3eho
w m
etal
s an
d b
ases
, inc
lud
ing
carb
onat
es, r
eact
with
aci
ds,
and
wha
t th
e p
rod
ucts
of t
hese
rea
ctio
ns a
re3/
3gho
w a
cid
s in
the
env
ironm
ent
can
lead
to
corr
osio
n of
som
e m
etal
s an
d c
hem
ical
wea
ther
ing
of r
ock,
for
exam
ple
, lim
esto
ne
Q N
o11
Tie
r5–
7
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 5–
7 P
aper
One
29
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
2*
zinc
lead
cop
per
silv
er
(b)
1*
zinc
(c)
1*
no bec
ause
zin
c is
mor
e re
activ
e th
an s
ilver
or
zinc
is a
bov
e si
lver
in t
he r
eact
ivity
ser
ies
(d)
1*
bel
ow s
ilver
or
at t
he b
otto
mb
ecau
se g
old
is t
he le
ast
reac
tive
or
gold
doe
s no
t re
act
Tota
l5
bo
thth
e an
swer
and
the
rea
son
are
req
uire
d fo
rth
e m
ark
bo
thth
e an
swer
and
the
rea
son
are
req
uire
d fo
rth
e m
ark
acce
pt th
e co
nver
se
awar
d t
wo
mar
ks if
all
four
met
als
are
in t
heco
rrec
t or
der
awar
d o
ne m
ark
for
zinc
at
the
top
and
silv
er a
tth
e b
otto
m o
f the
list
awar
d o
ne m
ark
for
lead
and
cop
per
in t
heco
rrec
t or
der
Q N
o12
Tie
r5–
73/
3cho
w a
rea
ctiv
ity s
erie
s of
met
als
can
be
det
erm
ined
by
cons
ider
ing
thes
e re
actio
ns, a
nd u
sed
to
mak
e p
red
ictio
ns a
bou
tot
her
reac
tions
Q N
o12
Tie
r5–
7
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 5–
7 P
aper
One
30
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
(i)1
*co
nsta
nt s
pee
d o
rst
ead
y sp
eed
(ii)
1*
stat
iona
ry o
rno
t m
ovin
g o
rst
opp
ed
(b)
1*
1.8
1*
m/s
(c)
(i)1
*Th
e fo
rwar
d fo
rce
was
zer
o an
d fr
ictio
n w
asgr
eate
r th
an z
ero.
✓
(ii)
1*
6
Tota
l6
if m
ore
than
one
box
is t
icke
d, a
war
d n
o m
ark
acce
pt a
nsw
ers
from
5.8
to6.
2
do
not
acce
pt
'mp
s'
18ac
cept
'10
'
acce
pt 'm
etre
s pe
r se
cond
' or
'ms
-1'
do
not
acce
pt
'it h
as a
ste
ady
spee
d'
acce
pt 'n
ot a
ccel
erat
ing'
acce
pt 's
tead
y sp
eed
of z
ero'
Q N
o13
Tie
r5–
71/
2jus
e d
iagr
ams,
tab
les,
cha
rts
and
gra
phs
, inc
lud
ing
lines
of b
est
fit, t
o id
entif
y an
d d
escr
ibe
pat
tern
s or
rel
atio
nshi
ps
in d
ata
4/2a
how
to
det
erm
ine
the
spee
d o
f a m
ovin
g ob
ject
and
to
use
the
qua
ntita
tive
rela
tions
hip
bet
wee
n sp
eed
, dis
tanc
e an
d t
ime
4/2c
that
unb
alan
ced
forc
es c
hang
e th
e sp
eed
or
dire
ctio
n of
mov
emen
t of
ob
ject
s an
d t
hat
bal
ance
d fo
rces
pro
duc
e no
cha
nge
in t
he m
ovem
ent
of a
n ob
ject
Q N
o13
Tie
r5–
7
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 5–
7 P
aper
One
31
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
1*
0.96
1*
Ncm
(b)
(i)1
any
one
from
*0.
96 N
cm*
the
sam
e as
the
car
bon
dio
xid
e b
allo
on
(ii)
1*
0.02
Tota
l4
cons
eque
ntia
l mar
king
ap
plie
sac
cep
t nu
mer
ical
ans
wer
to
(b) (
i)÷
48
acce
pt
the
sam
e nu
mer
ical
ans
wer
give
nin
(a) (
the
unit
is n
ot r
equi
red
)ac
cep
t 't
he s
ame'
do
not
acce
pt
low
er c
ase
n fo
r N
the
mar
k fo
r th
e un
it m
ay b
e gi
ven
in (b
)(i)
pro
vid
ed it
is n
ot c
ontr
adic
ted
in p
art
(a)
acce
pt
'0.0
6 ✕
16'
acce
pt
'cm
N'
acce
pt
for
bot
h m
arks
'0.0
096
Nm
'
Q N
o14
Tie
r5–
74/
2eth
at fo
rces
can
cau
se o
bje
cts
to t
urn
abou
t a
piv
ot4/
2fth
e p
rinci
ple
of m
omen
ts a
nd it
s ap
plic
atio
n to
situ
atio
ns in
volv
ing
one
piv
otQ
No
14T
ier
5–7
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
32
[Bla
nk p
age]
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
33
PAP
ER
2
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 3–
6 P
aper
Tw
o
34
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
1*
dow
n
(b)
1 *
Elli
e an
d M
aggy
(c)
1*
AB
(d)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
Ros
ie
* Ja
ck*
Ros
ie o
r Ja
ck
Tota
l4
do
not
acce
pt
'490
'd
on
otac
cep
t'5
10'
do
not
acce
pt
'490
or
510'
do
not
acce
pt
'Ros
ie a
nd J
ack'
dow
nup
awar
d t
he m
ark
if on
ly o
ne o
f the
se c
orre
ctre
spon
ses
is g
iven
pro
vid
ed a
n in
corr
ect
resp
onse
is n
ot w
ritte
n in
the
oth
er b
ox
nam
es m
ay b
e in
eith
er o
rder
bo
thna
mes
are
req
uire
d fo
r th
e m
ark
do
not
acce
pt
'540
and
540
'th
is r
ules
out
the
sam
e p
erso
n b
eing
use
d t
wic
eQ N
o1
Tie
r3–
64/
2eth
at fo
rces
can
cau
se o
bje
cts
to t
urn
abou
t a
piv
ot4/
2fth
e p
rinci
ple
of m
omen
ts a
nd it
s ap
plic
atio
n to
situ
atio
ns in
volv
ing
one
piv
otQ
No
1T
ier
3–6
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 3–
6 P
aper
Tw
o
35
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
(i)1
*fo
ur a
rrow
s, a
ll to
war
ds
the
cent
re o
f the
Ear
th
(ii)
1*
bal
l han
ging
tow
ard
s th
e ce
ntre
of t
he E
arth
at
B, C
and
D
(b)(
i)1
* 36
5 d
ays
acce
pt
'365
'
(ii)
1*
24 h
ours
acce
pt
'24'
Tota
l4
all t
hree
pos
ition
s, B
, C a
nd D
, are
req
uire
d fo
rth
e m
ark
hea
rt
inte
stin
e
lun
g
bo
nes
too
muc
h fa
t
no
ten
ough
fib
re
no
ten
ough
cal
cium
all f
our
arr
ows,
cor
rect
ly d
raw
n, a
re r
equi
red
for
the
mar
k th
e ar
row
s m
ay b
e d
raw
n ou
tsid
e th
eE
arth
Q N
o2
Tie
r3–
64/
2bth
at t
he w
eigh
t of
an
obje
ct o
n E
arth
is t
he r
esul
t of
the
gra
vita
tiona
l att
ract
ion
bet
wee
n its
mas
s an
d t
hat
of t
he E
arth
4/4a
how
the
mov
emen
t of
the
Ear
th c
ause
s th
e ap
par
ent
dai
ly a
nd a
nnua
l mov
emen
t of
the
Sun
and
oth
er s
tars
Q N
o2
Tie
r3–
6
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 3–
6 P
aper
Tw
o
36
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
1*
oil
1*
natu
ral g
as
acce
pt
'gas
'
(b)
(i)2
any
two
from
*
win
d*
sola
r*
tidal
* b
iom
ass
* ge
othe
rmal
(ii)
2*
___C
__
___E
__
___A
__
___B
__
___D
__
Tota
l6
if al
l thr
ee le
tter
s ar
e co
rrec
t, a
war
d t
wo
mar
ksif
one
lett
er is
cor
rect
, aw
ard
one
mar
k
answ
ers
may
be
in e
ither
ord
er
answ
ers
may
be
in e
ither
ord
er
Q N
o3
Tie
r3
–64/
5aab
out
the
varie
ty o
f ene
rgy
reso
urce
s, in
clud
ing
oil,
gas,
coa
l, b
iom
ass,
food
, win
d, w
aves
and
bat
terie
s, a
nd t
he d
istin
ctio
nb
etw
een
rene
wab
le a
nd n
on-r
enew
able
res
ourc
es4/
5cth
at e
lect
ricity
is g
ener
ated
by
mea
ns o
f a v
arie
ty o
f ene
rgy
reso
urce
s
Q N
o3
Tie
r3
–6
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 3–
6 P
aper
Tw
o
37
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
1*
Glo
ssy
or
it w
ould
hav
e m
ore
or
high
er
acce
pt
'mor
e b
ubb
les'
do
not
acce
pt
'lots
of b
ubb
les'
bub
ble
s th
an t
he o
ther
s
(b)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
to m
ake
the
test
fair
acce
pt
'it is
a c
ontr
olle
d e
xper
imen
t'*
if th
ey u
se d
iffer
ent
amou
nts
it w
ill b
e un
fair
(c)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
they
cou
ld n
ot c
omp
are
the
amou
nts
of b
ubb
les
*th
ey c
ould
not
com
par
e th
em*
they
cou
ld n
ot t
ell w
hich
was
bet
ter
*th
ey c
ould
not
tel
l the
diff
eren
ce
*th
ey c
ould
not
kno
w w
hich
mad
e th
e m
ost
bub
ble
s
(d)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
Shi
ne w
ill h
ave
mos
t b
ubb
les
*S
hine
will
mak
e m
ost
frot
h
Tota
l4
acce
pt
'Shi
ne m
ade
the
mos
t b
ubb
les'
acce
pt
'Shi
ne w
ould
pro
duc
e m
ore
bub
ble
s th
angl
ossy
'
do
not
acce
pt
'the
bub
ble
s al
l wen
t to
the
top
'd
on
otac
cep
t't
hey
coul
d n
ot s
ee h
ow m
any
bub
ble
s th
ere
wer
e'
acce
pt
'the
y w
ere
all t
he s
ame'
acce
pt
an a
pp
rop
riate
pra
ctic
al p
rob
lem
whi
chw
ould
pre
vent
the
col
lect
ion
of v
alid
res
ults
suc
has
'the
bun
g st
ops
the
bub
ble
s' o
r't
he t
est-
tub
esar
e no
t lo
ng e
noug
h' o
r't
hey
used
too
muc
hw
ashi
ng-u
p li
qui
d'
Q N
o4
Tie
r3
–61/
1bth
at it
is im
por
tant
to
test
exp
lana
tions
by
usin
g th
em t
o m
ake
pre
dic
tions
and
by
seei
ng if
evi
den
ce m
atch
es t
he p
red
ictio
ns1/
2aus
e sc
ient
ific
know
led
ge a
nd u
nder
stan
din
g to
tur
n id
eas
into
a fo
rm t
hat
can
be
inve
stig
ated
, and
to
dec
ide
on a
n ap
pro
pria
te a
pp
roac
h1/
2cca
rry
out
pre
limin
ary
wor
k an
d t
o m
ake
pre
dic
tions
, whe
re a
pp
rop
riate
1/
2dco
nsid
er k
ey fa
ctor
s th
at n
eed
to
be
take
n in
to a
ccou
nt w
hen
colle
ctin
g ev
iden
ce, a
nd h
ow e
vid
ence
may
be
colle
cted
inco
ntex
ts,f
or e
xam
ple
, fiel
dw
ork,
surv
eys,
in w
hich
the
var
iab
les
cann
ot r
ead
ily b
e co
ntro
lled
Q N
o4
Tie
r3
–6
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 3–
6 P
aper
Tw
o
38
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
(i)1
*7
(ii)
1*
it w
as n
eutr
al
✓
(b)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
it d
ecre
ased
or
wen
t d
own
*it
bec
ame
acid
ic o
rm
ore
acid
ic
(c)
1*
an a
lkal
i ✓
Tota
l4
if m
ore
than
one
box
is t
icke
d, a
war
d n
om
ark
acce
pt
'it d
rop
ped
to
5'
do
not
acce
pt
'neu
tral
'
if m
ore
than
one
box
is t
icke
d, a
war
d n
om
ark
cons
eque
ntia
l mar
king
ap
plie
sac
cep
t 'it
was
aci
dic
' if t
he a
nsw
er t
o p
art
(i) w
asle
ss t
han
7ac
cep
t 'it
was
alk
alin
e' if
the
ans
wer
to
par
t (i)
was
gre
ater
tha
n 7
and
up
to
14
Q N
o5
Tie
r3
–61/
2jus
e d
iagr
ams,
tab
les,
cha
rts
and
gra
phs
, inc
lud
ing
lines
of b
est
fit, t
o id
entif
y an
d d
escr
ibe
pat
tern
s or
rel
atio
nshi
ps
in d
ata
3/3d
to u
se in
dic
ator
s to
cla
ssify
sol
utio
ns a
s ac
idic
, neu
tral
or
alka
line,
and
to
use
the
pH
sca
le a
s a
mea
sure
of t
he a
cid
ity o
f aso
lutio
n
Q N
o5
Tie
r3
–6
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 3–
6 P
aper
Tw
o
39
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
(i)1
* C
(ii)
1*
A
(iii)
1*
D
(b)
1*
igne
ous
rock
✓
(c)
1*
wat
er is
hea
ted
to
form
wat
er v
apou
r✓
(d)
(i)1
* sk
elet
on o
rb
ones
(ii)
1*
foss
ils
Tota
l7
acce
pt
'sp
ine'
or
'bac
kbon
e'o
r'r
ibs'
or
'sku
ll'ac
cep
t 's
cale
s'
if m
ore
than
one
box
is t
icke
d, a
war
d n
o m
ark
if m
ore
than
one
box
is t
icke
d, a
war
d n
o m
ark
Q N
o6
Tie
r3
–63/
2cto
rel
ate
chan
ges
of s
tate
to
ener
gy t
rans
fers
3/2e
abou
t th
e fo
rmat
ion
of r
ocks
by
pro
cess
es t
hat
take
pla
ce o
ver
diff
eren
t tim
esca
les,
and
tha
t th
e m
ode
of fo
rmat
ion
det
erm
ines
the
ir te
xtur
e an
d t
he m
iner
als
they
con
tain
3/2f
how
igne
ous
rock
s ar
e fo
rmed
by
the
cool
ing
of m
agm
a, s
edim
enta
ry r
ocks
by
pro
cess
es in
clud
ing
the
dep
ositi
on o
f roc
kfr
agm
ents
or
orga
nic
mat
eria
l, or
as
a re
sult
of e
vap
orat
ion,
and
met
amor
phi
c ro
cks
by
the
actio
n of
hea
t an
d p
ress
ure
onex
istin
g ro
cks
3/2h
that
virt
ually
all
mat
eria
ls, i
nclu
din
g th
ose
in li
ving
sys
tem
s, a
rem
ade
thro
ugh
chem
ical
rea
ctio
ns, a
nd t
o re
cogn
ise
the
imp
orta
nce
of c
hem
ical
cha
nge
in e
very
day
situ
atio
ns,f
or e
xam
ple
, rip
enin
g fr
uit,
set
ting
sup
ergl
ue, c
ooki
ng fo
od
Q N
o6
Tie
r3
–6
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 3–
6 P
aper
Tw
o
40
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
(i)1
*w
ater
(ii)
1*
skin
or
pee
l
(b)
1*
18 28
(c)
1*
1*
1*
Tota
l6
he
art
inte
stin
e
lun
g
bo
ne
s
too
mu
ch f
at
no
ten
ou
gh
fib
re
no
ten
oug
h ca
lciu
m
if m
ore
than
one
line
is d
raw
n fr
om a
ny fa
ctab
out
the
die
t, a
war
d n
o m
ark
for
that
fact
answ
ers
mus
t b
e in
the
cor
rect
ord
erb
oth
answ
ers
are
req
uire
d fo
r th
e m
ark
Q N
o7
Tie
r3
–61/
2jus
e d
iagr
ams,
tab
les,
cha
rts
and
gra
phs
, inc
lud
ing
lines
of b
est
fit, t
o id
entif
y an
d d
escr
ibe
pat
tern
s or
rel
atio
nshi
ps
in d
ata
1/2k
use
obse
rvat
ions
, mea
sure
men
ts a
nd o
ther
dat
a to
dra
w c
oncl
usio
ns2/
2dth
at fo
od is
use
d a
s a
fuel
dur
ing
resp
iratio
n to
mai
ntai
n th
e b
ody'
s ac
tivity
and
as
a ra
w m
ater
ial f
or g
row
th a
nd r
epai
r
Q N
o7
Tie
r3
–6
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 3–
6 P
aper
Tw
o
41
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
(i)1
any
one
from
*to
mak
e fo
od o
rgl
ucos
eo
rsu
gar
or
star
ch*
pho
tosy
nthe
sis
(ii)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
ther
e is
not
eno
ugh
light
*th
ere
is le
ss li
ght
(b)
2an
y tw
ofr
om*
oxyg
en*
wat
er*
min
eral
so
rnu
trie
nts
(c)
1*
B
✓
Tota
l 5
if m
ore
than
one
box
is t
icke
d, a
war
d n
o m
ark
acce
pt
a na
med
min
eral
suc
h as
'nitr
ate'
acce
pt
for
two
mar
ks t
wo
nam
ed m
iner
als
such
as 'n
itrat
es' a
nd 'p
hosp
hate
s'
do
not
acce
pt
'bec
ause
pla
nts
need
ligh
t'
acce
pt
'for
grow
th'
acce
pt
'no
light
' or
'no
Sun
'ac
cep
t 'li
ght
cann
ot r
each
the
m'
Q N
o8
Tie
r3–
62/
3ath
at p
lant
s ne
ed c
arb
on d
ioxi
de,
wat
er a
nd li
ght
for
pho
tosy
nthe
sis,
and
pro
duc
e b
iom
ass
and
oxy
gen
2/3d
the
role
of r
oot
hairs
in a
bso
rbin
g w
ater
and
min
eral
s fr
om t
he s
oil
Q N
o8
Tie
r3–
6
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 3–
6 P
aper
Tw
o
42
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
(i)1
*p
rod
ucer
(ii)
1*
pre
dat
or
(iii)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
pre
y*
herb
ivor
e
(b)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
they
had
less
food
*th
ey w
ould
dec
reas
e
(c)
1*
rep
tiles
✓
Tota
l5
if m
ore
than
one
box
is t
icke
d, a
war
d n
o m
ark
acce
pt
'no
food
' or
'the
y d
ied
out
' or
'the
y d
ied
'
Q N
o9
Tie
r3
–62/
4bto
cla
ssify
livi
ng t
hing
s in
to t
he m
ajor
tax
onom
ic g
roup
s2/
5bth
at h
abita
ts s
upp
ort
a d
iver
sity
of p
lant
s an
d a
nim
als
that
are
inte
rdep
end
ent
2/5e
abou
t fo
od w
ebs
com
pos
ed o
f sev
eral
food
cha
ins,
and
how
food
cha
ins
can
be
qua
ntifi
ed u
sing
pyr
amid
s of
num
ber
s
Q N
o9
Tie
r3
–6
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
rs 3
–6 a
nd 5
–7 P
aper
Tw
o
43
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
1*
B
✓if
mor
e th
an o
ne b
ox is
tic
ked
, aw
ard
no
mar
k
(b)(
i)
1*
a co
ntin
uous
str
aigh
t lin
e fr
om J
oan'
s m
otor
b
ike
to t
he g
lass
, and
the
n fr
om t
he g
lass
to
Nad
ia's
hea
d1
*an
gle
of in
cid
ence
mus
t b
e ap
pro
xim
atel
y eq
ual
to t
he a
ngle
of r
eflec
tion
1*
an a
rrow
poi
ntin
g aw
ay fr
om J
oan'
s m
otor
bik
e on
eith
er s
ectio
n of
the
ray
(ii)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
traf
fic c
omin
g ro
und
the
ben
d o
rat
the
junc
tion
will
be
seen
*
Nad
iao
rJo
ano
ryo
u ca
n se
e ro
und
the
ben
d
Tota
l5
the
inci
den
t ra
y an
d t
he r
eflec
ted
ray
mus
t to
uch
the
glas
s at
the
sam
e p
oint
the
inci
den
t ra
y m
ust
hit
the
mirr
or w
ithin
the
tole
ranc
e sh
own
shop
win
dow
s m
ade
of g
lass
Q N
o10 1
Tie
r3
–6 5–7
4/3a
that
ligh
t tr
avel
s in
a s
trai
ght
line
at a
fini
te s
pee
d in
a u
nifo
rm m
ediu
m4/
3cho
w li
ght
is r
eflec
ted
at
pla
ne s
urfa
ces
BS
/1a
a ra
nge
of d
omes
tic, i
ndus
tria
l and
env
ironm
enta
l con
text
s
Q N
o10 1
Tie
r3
–6 5–7
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
rs 3
–6 a
nd 5
–7 P
aper
Tw
o
44
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
(i)1
*el
ectr
ical
to
chem
ical
✓
(ii)
1*
chem
ical
to
elec
tric
al t
o so
und
✓
(b)
1*
Q1
*R
1*
P
Tota
l5
if m
ore
than
one
box
is t
icke
d, a
war
d n
o m
ark
if m
ore
than
one
box
is t
icke
d, a
war
d n
o m
ark
Q N
o11 2
Tie
r3
–6 5–7
4/3k
the
rela
tions
hip
bet
wee
n th
e p
itch
of a
sou
nd a
nd t
he fr
eque
ncy
of t
he v
ibra
tion
caus
ing
it4/
5ew
ays
in w
hich
ene
rgy
can
be
usef
ully
tra
nsfe
rred
and
sto
red
Q N
o11 2
Tie
r3
–6 5–7
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
rs 3
–6 a
nd 5
–7 P
aper
Tw
o
45
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
(i)2
any
two
from
*gr
avity
or
wei
ght
*fr
ictio
n*
reac
tion
*ai
r re
sist
ance
(ii)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
cons
tant
sp
eed
*st
ead
y sp
eed
*it
stay
s th
e sa
me
(b)
1*
fric
tion
is le
ss
(c)
1*
it in
crea
ses
1*
bec
ause
the
re is
less
air
resi
stan
ce o
rfr
ictio
n
Tota
l6
acce
pt
'he
goes
mor
e q
uick
ly'
acce
pt
'he
is s
trea
mlin
ed o
rae
rod
ynam
ic'
'it is
sm
ooth
er' o
r'it
is s
lipp
ery'
are
insu
ffici
ent
do
not
acce
pt
'cen
trifu
gal f
orce
' or
'cen
trip
etal
forc
e' o
r'g
-for
ce'
acce
pt
'up
thru
st'
acce
pt
'dra
g'
acce
pt
'it is
the
sam
e' o
r'it
doe
s no
t ch
ange
'
Q N
o12 3
Tie
r3
–6 5–7
4/2c
that
unb
alan
ced
forc
es c
hang
e th
e sp
eed
or
dire
ctio
n of
mov
emen
t of
ob
ject
s an
d t
hat
bal
ance
d fo
rces
pro
duc
e no
cha
nge
in t
he m
ovem
ent
of a
n ob
ject
4/2d
way
s in
whi
ch fr
ictio
nal f
orce
s, in
clud
ing
air
resi
stan
ce, a
ffect
mot
ion,
for
exam
ple
, str
eam
linin
g ca
rs, f
rictio
n b
etw
een
tyre
an
d r
oad
Q N
o12 3
Tie
r3
–6 5–7
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
rs 3
–6 a
nd 5
–7 P
aper
Tw
o
46
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
1*
No
✓an
dan
yo
nefr
om*
sulp
huric
aci
d d
id n
ot c
ure
scur
vy*
not
all t
he s
ailo
rs r
ecov
ered
*on
ly t
wo
pai
rs r
ecov
ered
*on
ly t
hose
tha
t ha
d fr
uit-
rela
ted
ad
diti
ons
reco
vere
d*
som
e w
ith a
cid
faile
d t
o re
cove
r
*a
wee
k is
not
long
eno
ugh
to s
how
the
effe
ct
(b)
(i)1
any
one
from
*ad
diti
on t
o th
eir
die
t*
food
or
drin
k su
pp
lem
ents
*ty
pe
of a
cid
(ii)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
whe
ther
the
y re
cove
red
*
retu
rn t
o he
alth
*re
cove
ry fr
om s
curv
y*
effe
ct a
fter
one
wee
k
do
not
acce
pt
'typ
e of
food
or
drin
k'd
on
otac
cep
t 'k
ind
of m
eal'
do
not
acce
pt
conc
lusi
ons
such
as
'4 o
ut o
f 6p
airs
of s
ailo
rs h
ad s
curv
y'
do
not
acce
pt
'tim
e to
rec
over
'
acce
pt
'the
aci
d'
acce
pt
'am
ount
of a
cid
'
acce
pt
'scu
rvy
is c
ured
'
if m
ore
than
one
box
is t
icke
d, a
war
d n
o m
ark
bo
thth
e an
swer
and
the
exp
lana
tion
are
req
uire
d fo
r th
e m
ark
'onl
y th
ose
who
rec
eive
d v
itam
in C
rec
over
ed' i
sin
suffi
cien
t
acce
pt
'som
e ac
ids
did
not
cur
e sc
urvy
'ac
cep
t 'o
nly
pai
r 5
tota
lly r
ecov
ered
'
acce
pt
'a w
eek
is n
ot lo
ng e
noug
h'
Q N
o13 4
Tie
r3
–6 5–7
1/1a
abou
t th
e in
terp
lay
bet
wee
n em
piri
cal q
uest
ions
, evi
den
ce a
nd s
cien
tific
exp
lana
tions
usi
ng h
isto
rical
and
con
tem
por
ary
exam
ple
s,fo
r ex
amp
le, L
avoi
sier
's w
ork
on b
urni
ng, t
he p
ossi
ble
cau
ses
of g
lob
al w
arm
ing
1/1b
that
it is
imp
orta
nt t
o te
st e
xpla
natio
ns b
y us
ing
them
to
mak
e p
red
ictio
ns a
nd b
y se
eing
if e
vid
ence
mat
ches
the
pre
dic
tions
1/2d
cons
ider
key
fact
ors
that
nee
d t
o b
e ta
ken
into
acc
ount
whe
n co
llect
ing
evid
ence
, and
how
evi
den
ce m
ay b
e co
llect
ed in
cont
exts
,for
exa
mp
le, fi
eld
wor
k, s
urve
ys, i
n w
hich
the
var
iab
les
cann
ot r
ead
ily b
e co
ntro
lled
1/2e
dec
ide
the
exte
nt a
nd r
ange
of d
ata
to b
e co
llect
ed a
nd t
he t
echn
ique
s, e
qui
pm
ent
and
mat
eria
ls t
o us
e, fo
r ex
amp
le,
app
rop
riate
sam
ple
siz
e fo
r b
iolo
gica
l wor
k
Q N
o13 4
Tie
r3
–6 5–7
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
rs 3
–6 a
nd 5
–7 P
aper
Tw
o
47
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(c)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
ther
e m
ust
be
a d
iffer
ent
sub
stan
ce o
rso
met
hing
pre
sent
infr
uits
tha
t cu
res
scur
vy
(d)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
effe
cts
due
to
die
t m
ay t
ake
mor
eth
an a
wee
k to
rev
eal t
hem
selv
es*
the
bod
y ta
kes
time
to a
dju
st t
oth
e d
iet
*tim
e is
nee
ded
for
the
resu
lts t
ore
veal
th
emse
lves
*th
e ef
fect
s d
o no
t ta
ke p
lace
bef
ore
a w
eek
*th
e lo
nger
the
tim
e th
e m
ore
relia
ble
the
res
ults
Tota
l 5
acce
pt
'one
wee
k is
too
sho
rt' o
r'y
ou n
eed
to
see
long
ter
m e
ffect
s'
acce
pt
'ora
nges
or
lem
ons
mig
ht b
e a
shor
t te
rmcu
re'
'the
aci
ds
in o
rang
es a
nd le
mon
s cu
re s
curv
y' is
insu
ffici
ent
'ora
nges
and
lem
ons
will
cur
e sc
urvy
' is
insu
ffici
ent
acce
pt
'frui
ts w
ill c
ure
scur
vy'
acce
pt
'vita
min
in t
he fr
uit
wou
ld c
ure
scur
vy'
acce
pt
'vita
min
C w
ill c
ure
scur
vy'
acce
pt
any
nam
ed v
itam
in fo
r vi
tam
in C
acce
pt
'vita
min
s w
ould
hav
e an
effe
ct'
Q N
o13 4
Tie
r3
–6 5–7
Q N
o13 4
Tie
r3
–6 5–7
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
rs 3
–6 a
nd 5
–7 P
aper
Tw
o
48
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
(i)1
*w
ater
acce
pt
'H2O
'
(ii)
1*
carb
on d
ioxi
de
acce
pt
'CO
2'
(b)
(i)1
*d
o no
t us
e an
tifre
eze
or
met
hano
l nea
r a
nake
d fl
ame
and
do
not
swal
low
(ii)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
wat
er fr
oze
*th
e m
ixtu
re fr
oze
*th
e co
nten
ts fr
oze
1*
and
exp
and
ed
Tota
l5
bo
than
swer
s ar
e re
qui
red
for
the
mar
k
'not
eno
ugh
antif
reez
e us
ed' i
s in
suffi
cien
t d
on
otac
cep
t'it
froz
e'
acce
pt
'it c
atch
es fi
re e
asily
and
it is
poi
sono
us'
acce
pt
'was
h ha
nds
afte
r us
e' fo
r d
o no
t sw
allo
wac
cep
t 'it
is fl
amm
able
or
infla
mm
able
and
it is
poi
sono
us'
acce
pt
'10%
ant
ifree
ze is
not
eno
ugh
to s
top
the
wat
er fr
eezi
ng'
Q N
o14 5
Tie
r3–
65–
7
3/1e
how
ele
men
ts c
omb
ine
thro
ugh
chem
ical
rea
ctio
ns t
o fo
rm c
omp
ound
s, fo
r ex
amp
le, w
ater
, car
bon
dio
xid
e, m
agne
sium
oxid
e,so
diu
m c
hlor
ide,
mos
t m
iner
als,
with
a d
efini
te c
omp
ositi
on3/
2dho
w fo
rces
gen
erat
ed b
y ex
pan
sion
, con
trac
tion
and
the
free
zing
of w
ater
can
lead
to
the
phy
sica
l wea
ther
ing
of r
ocks
BS
/2b
reco
gnis
e th
at t
here
are
haz
ard
s in
livi
ng t
hing
s, m
ater
ials
and
phy
sica
l pro
cess
es, a
nd a
sses
s ris
ks a
nd t
ake
actio
n to
red
uce
risks
to
them
selv
es a
nd o
ther
s
Q N
o14 5
Tie
r3–
65–
7
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
rs 3
–6 a
nd 5
–7 P
aper
Tw
o
49
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
rs 3
–6 a
nd 5
–7 P
aper
Tw
o
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
(i)1
*th
e p
oint
at
(60,
33) c
ircle
d
(ii)
1*
a sm
ooth
cur
ve t
ouch
ing
all p
oint
s ex
cep
t th
e an
omal
ous
poi
ntat
60°
C
(iii)
1*
38
(b)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
they
mea
sure
d m
ass
or
tem
per
atur
e in
accu
rate
ly*
they
faile
d t
o m
ake
sure
the
sol
utio
n w
as
satu
rate
d*
the
solu
tion
had
coo
led
Tota
l4
do
not
acce
pt
'car
eles
snes
s' o
r'm
easu
red
itw
rong
' d
on
otac
cep
t 'it
was
not
a fa
ir te
st'
do
not
acce
pt
'the
y m
easu
red
in w
rong
uni
ts'
do
not
acce
pt
'the
y w
rote
it d
own
wro
ng'
acce
pt
'the
y co
unte
d t
he m
ass
wro
ng'
acce
pt
'not
eno
ugh
time
tod
isso
lve'
acce
pt
'the
y d
id n
ot s
tir t
heso
lutio
n p
rop
erly
'
acce
pt
'the
y d
id n
ot u
se e
noug
h w
ater
'
acce
pt
answ
ers
from
37
to39
40
50
60
70
80
30
60
50
40
30
20
10
ma
ss o
f
co
pp
er
su
lph
ate
cry
sta
ls,
in g
tem
pe
ratu
re o
f w
ate
r, in
oC
the
curv
e m
ust
be
near
to
or
touc
hing
all
poi
nts
exce
pt
the
anom
alou
s p
oint
d
on
otac
cep
ta
dot
to
dot
dra
win
gd
on
otac
cep
tlin
es w
hich
are
thi
cker
tha
n th
ep
oint
sif
the
poi
nts
are
not
visi
ble
the
line
s ar
e to
o th
ick
acce
pt
a re
ason
able
sm
ooth
cur
ve
Q N
o15 6
Tie
r3
–6 5–7
1/2j
use
dia
gram
s, t
able
s, c
hart
s an
d g
rap
hs, i
nclu
din
g lin
es o
f bes
t fit
, to
iden
tify
and
des
crib
e p
atte
rns
or r
elat
ions
hip
s in
dat
a1/
2nco
nsid
er a
nom
alie
s in
ob
serv
atio
ns o
r m
easu
rem
ents
and
try
to
exp
lain
the
mQ
No
15 6
Tie
r3
–6 5–7
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
rs 3
–6 a
nd 5
–7 P
aper
Tw
o
50
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
to p
reve
nt it
col
lap
sing
*to
kee
p it
op
en*
for
sup
por
t
(b)
(i)1
*A
: ox
ygen
B:
carb
on d
ioxi
de
(ii)
1an
y o
nefr
om
*it
is t
hin
*it
is o
ne c
ell t
hick
*it
is c
lose
to
the
blo
od s
upp
ly
(c)
(i)1
any
one
from
*it
mov
es m
ucus
*it
swee
ps
dus
t fr
om lu
ngs
(ii)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
it p
aral
yses
the
cili
a*
it st
ops
the
cilia
wor
king
*it
clog
s th
e ci
lia
(iii)
1*
nico
tine
Tota
l6
'to
clea
r o
rcl
ean
the
airw
ays'
isin
suffi
cien
t
do
not
acce
pt
'it k
ills
cilia
'
acce
pt
'it m
oves
bac
teria
'
acce
pt
'it d
estr
oys
them
'
bo
than
swer
s ar
e re
qui
red
for
the
mar
kac
cep
t 'O
2'ac
cep
t 'C
O2'
acce
pt
'the
re is
a d
iffus
ion
grad
ient
'ac
cep
t 'it
is m
oist
'
'for
pro
tect
ion'
is in
suffi
cien
tac
cep
t 'p
rote
cts
agai
nst
colla
pse
'
acce
pt
'for
stre
ngth
'ac
cep
t 'fo
r fle
xib
ility
'
Q N
o16 7
Tie
r3
–6 5–7
2/1c
way
s in
whi
ch s
ome
cells
, inc
lud
ing
cilia
ted
ep
ithel
ial c
ells
, sp
erm
, ova
, and
roo
t ha
ir ce
lls, a
re a
dap
ted
to
thei
r fu
nctio
ns2/
2ith
e ro
le o
f lun
g st
ruct
ure
in g
as e
xcha
nge,
incl
udin
g th
e ef
fect
of s
mok
ing
Q N
o16 7
Tie
r3
–6 5–7
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
rs 3
–6 a
nd 5
–7 P
aper
Tw
o
51
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
(i)1
*th
e nu
cleu
s of
the
egg
and
the
nuc
leus
of t
he
sper
m jo
in o
rfu
se
(ii)
1*
the
ovid
uct
or
fallo
pia
n tu
be
(iii)
1*
uter
us
(b)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
the
egg
cann
ot p
ass
dow
n th
e ov
iduc
t*
the
sper
m a
nd e
gg c
anno
t m
eet
*sp
erm
can
not
get
thro
ugh
(c)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
mus
cles
con
trac
t*
cont
ract
ions
Tota
l5
do
not
acce
pt
'the
egg
can
not
reac
h th
e ut
erus
'
'a s
per
m m
eets
an
egg'
is in
suffi
cien
tac
cep
t 't
he s
per
m a
nd t
he e
gg jo
in'
acce
pt
'a s
per
m fe
rtili
ses
an e
gg'
acce
pt
'wom
b'
Q N
o17 8
Tie
r3
–6 5–7
2/2g
abou
t th
e hu
man
rep
rod
uctiv
e sy
stem
, inc
lud
ing
the
men
stru
al c
ycle
and
fert
ilisa
tion
2/2h
how
the
foet
us d
evel
ops
in t
he u
teru
s, in
clud
ing
the
role
of t
he p
lace
nta
Q N
o17 8
Tie
r3
–6 5–7
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
rs 3
–6 a
nd 5
–7 P
aper
Tw
o
52
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
it co
ntai
ns m
ore
than
one
sub
stan
ce w
hich
are
no
t ch
emic
ally
com
bin
ed
*th
ey c
an b
e se
par
ated
by
phy
sica
l mea
ns o
rb
yse
dim
enta
tion
or
filtr
atio
n*
she
sees
a r
ed a
nd a
bro
wn
laye
r
(b)
(i)1
any
one
from
*he
at t
he li
qui
d*
evap
orat
e th
e w
ater
(ii)
1*
a d
epos
it le
ft b
ehin
d
(c)
1*
tran
spor
ted
d
epos
ited
com
pac
ted
Tota
l4
all t
hree
pro
cess
es in
the
cor
rect
ord
er a
rere
qui
red
for
the
mar
k
acce
pt
'leav
e it
until
the
wat
er h
ad g
one'
ac
cep
t 'le
ave
it on
a r
adia
tor'
acce
pt
'dis
till i
t'
acce
pt
'a d
epos
it' o
r'a
sal
t' o
r'a
sol
id' o
r'c
ryst
als'
mar
k p
arts
(b) (
i) an
d (b
) (ii)
tog
ethe
r
'leav
e it'
is in
suffi
cien
t
acce
pt
'sub
stan
ces
are
not
com
bin
ed'
acce
pt
'the
y ca
n b
e se
par
ated
eas
ily'
acce
pt
'the
re a
re la
yers
' ac
cep
t 'it
sp
lits
into
san
d a
nd c
lay'
Q N
o18 9
Tie
r3–
65–
7
3/1g
that
mix
ture
s, fo
r ex
amp
le, a
ir, s
ea w
ater
and
mos
t ro
cks,
are
com
pos
ed o
f con
stitu
ents
tha
t ar
e no
t co
mb
ined
3/1h
how
to
sep
arat
e m
ixtu
res
into
the
ir co
nstit
uent
s us
ing
dis
tilla
tion,
chr
omat
ogra
phy
and
oth
er a
pp
rop
riate
met
hod
s3/
2fho
w ig
neou
s ro
cks
are
form
ed b
y th
e co
olin
g of
mag
ma,
sed
imen
tary
roc
ks b
y p
roce
sses
incl
udin
g th
e d
epos
ition
of r
ock
frag
men
ts o
r or
gani
c m
ater
ial,
or a
s a
resu
lt of
eva
por
atio
n, a
nd m
etam
orp
hic
rock
s b
y th
e ac
tion
of h
eat
and
pre
ssur
e on
exis
ting
rock
s
Q N
o18 9
Tie
r3–
65–
7
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 5–
7 P
aper
Tw
o
53
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
2an
y tw
ofr
om:
*m
anuf
actu
ring
diff
eren
ces
or
bul
bs
are
diff
eren
t
*re
adin
g er
ror
*d
irty
cont
acts
*un
relia
ble
or
inac
cura
te m
eter
(b)
1*
0.75
(c)
1*
Y a
xis:
curr
ent,
in a
mp
s o
rA
or
mill
iam
ps
or
mA
X a
xis:
time,
in h
ours
or
min
utes
or
seco
nds
1*
a lin
e o
rcu
rve
from
top
left
to
bot
tom
rig
ht
Tota
l5
bo
thax
es m
ust
be
lab
elle
d c
orre
ctly
with
bot
hth
e va
riab
le a
nd t
he u
nit
acce
pt
'I, i
n am
ps'
acce
pt
't, i
n ho
urs'
cu
rre
nt,
in a
mp
s
tim
e,
in h
ou
rs
acce
pt
'diff
eren
t re
sist
ance
s'ac
cep
t 'd
iffer
ent
ages
'
acce
pt
'bul
bs
wer
e no
t sc
rew
ed in
pro
per
ly'
acce
pt
'faul
ty a
mm
eter
'ac
cep
t 'd
iffer
ent
wire
s' o
r'd
iffer
ence
s in
the
w
ires'
Q N
o10
Tie
r5–
71/
2j
use
dia
gram
s, t
able
s, c
hart
s an
d g
rap
hs, i
nclu
din
g lin
es o
f bes
t fit
, to
iden
tify
and
des
crib
e p
atte
rns
or r
elat
ions
hip
s in
dat
a 1/
2ld
ecid
e to
wha
t ex
tent
the
se c
oncl
usio
ns s
upp
ort
a p
red
ictio
n or
ena
ble
furt
her
pre
dic
tions
to
be
mad
e1/
2mus
e th
eir
scie
ntifi
c kn
owle
dge
and
und
erst
and
ing
to e
xpla
in a
nd in
terp
ret
obse
rvat
ions
, mea
sure
men
ts o
r ot
her
dat
a, a
ndco
nclu
sion
s1/
2nco
nsid
er a
nom
alie
s in
ob
serv
atio
ns o
r m
easu
rem
ents
and
try
to
exp
lain
the
m
Q N
o10
Tie
r5–
7
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 5–
7 P
aper
Tw
o
54
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
whi
te li
ght
is a
mix
ture
of c
olou
rs*
whi
te li
ght
cont
ains
gre
en li
ght
1*
the
gree
n lig
ht p
asse
s th
roug
h
(b)
(i)1
*re
d
bec
ause
red
ligh
t p
asse
s th
roug
hth
e fil
ter
(ii)
1*
bla
ck
1an
yo
nefr
om*
bec
ause
red
ligh
t w
ill n
ot
pas
s th
roug
h*
a gr
een
filte
r ab
sorb
s re
d li
ght
Tota
l5
bo
thth
e co
lour
and
exp
lana
tion
are
req
uire
d fo
r th
e m
ark
acce
pt
'she
can
not
see
it'
acce
pt
'onl
y gr
een
light
pas
ses
thro
ugh'
acce
pt
for
two
mar
ks 'a
ll th
e ot
her
colo
urs
are
abso
rbed
or
filte
red
out
' ac
cep
t fo
r tw
o m
arks
'onl
y th
e gr
een
light
pas
ses
thro
ugh'
Q N
o11
Tie
r5–
74/
3fth
e ef
fect
of c
olou
r fil
ters
on
whi
te li
ght
and
how
col
oure
d o
bje
cts
app
ear
in w
hite
ligh
t an
d in
oth
er c
olou
rs o
f lig
htQ
No
11T
ier
5–7
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 5–
7 P
aper
Tw
o
55
[Bla
nk p
age]
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 5–
7 P
aper
Tw
o
56
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
pla
nts
sub
ject
ed t
o o
rno
t su
bje
cted
to
acid
*p
H o
f the
aci
d*
stre
ngth
of s
olut
ion
*vo
lum
e of
aci
d
(b)
(i)1
any
one
from
*p
lant
s liv
e o
rd
ie*
pla
nts
heal
thy
or
not
heal
thy
*p
lant
so
rle
aves
cha
nge
colo
ur*
how
man
y se
eds
grow
(ii)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
num
ber
of p
lant
s d
ying
or
ailin
g*
num
ber
of l
eave
s fa
lling
or
ailin
g*
mas
s of
pla
nt m
atte
r*
area
of p
lant
leaf
gro
wth
*he
ight
of p
lant
(c)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
soil
nutr
ient
s*
tem
per
atur
e*
hum
idity
*lig
ht*
acid
ity o
f soi
l at
the
beg
inni
ng
Tota
l4
acce
pt
any
suita
ble
con
trol
rel
evan
t to
the
fact
ors
spec
ified
in p
arts
(a) a
nd (b
)(i)
mar
k p
arts
(b) (
i) an
d (b
) (ii)
tog
ethe
r th
e d
epen
den
t va
riab
le m
ust
rela
te t
o th
ein
dep
end
ent
varia
ble
men
tione
d in
par
t (a
)
acce
pt
'cou
nt t
hem
'
acce
pt
a re
fere
nce
to a
pp
rop
riate
mea
surin
geq
uip
men
t
acce
pt
any
app
rop
riate
ind
epen
den
t va
riab
le
acce
pt
'con
cent
ratio
n of
aci
d'
acce
pt
'am
ount
of a
cid
'
Q N
o12
Tie
r5–
71/
1aab
out
the
inte
rpla
y b
etw
een
emp
irica
l que
stio
ns, e
vid
ence
and
sci
entifi
c ex
pla
natio
ns u
sing
his
toric
al a
nd c
onte
mp
orar
yex
amp
les,
for
exam
ple
, Lav
oisi
er's
wor
k on
bur
ning
, the
pos
sib
le c
ause
s of
glo
bal
war
min
g1/
2dco
nsid
er k
ey fa
ctor
s th
at n
eed
to
be
take
n in
to a
ccou
nt w
hen
colle
ctin
g ev
iden
ce, a
nd h
ow e
vid
ence
may
be
colle
cted
inco
ntex
ts,f
or e
xam
ple
, fiel
dw
ork,
sur
veys
, in
whi
ch t
he v
aria
ble
s ca
nnot
rea
dily
be
cont
rolle
d1/
2gm
ake
obse
rvat
ions
and
mea
sure
men
ts, i
nclu
din
g th
e us
e of
ICT
for
dat
alog
ging
,for
exa
mp
le, v
aria
ble
s ch
angi
ng o
ver
time,
toan
ap
pro
pria
te d
egre
e of
pre
cisi
on
Q N
o12
Tie
r5–
7
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 5–
7 P
aper
Tw
o
57
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
(i)1
*m
agne
sium
+ h
ydro
chlo
ric a
cid
→1
mag
nesi
um c
hlor
ide
+ *
hyd
roge
n
(ii)
1*
mag
nesi
um is
mor
e re
activ
e th
anhy
dro
gen
and
cop
per
is le
ssre
activ
e th
an h
ydro
gen
(b)
1*
sulp
huric
(c)
1*
1*
Tota
l6
form
ula
nam
e
CuS
O4
cop
per
sul
pha
te
Mg
Cl 2
mag
nesi
um c
hlor
ide
do
not
acce
pt'
hyd
roge
n ch
lorid
e'd
on
otac
cep
tfo
rmul
ae
acce
pt
'mag
nesi
um is
mor
e re
activ
e th
an c
opp
er'
acce
pt
'cop
per
is le
ss r
eact
ive
than
mag
nesi
um'
acce
pt
'mag
nesi
um is
hig
her
than
cop
per
in t
here
activ
ity s
erie
s'ac
cep
t 'c
opp
er is
low
er in
the
rea
ctiv
ity s
erie
s'
Q N
o13
Tie
r5–
73/
1fto
rep
rese
nt c
omp
ound
s b
y fo
rmul
ae a
nd t
o su
mm
aris
e re
actio
ns b
y w
ord
eq
uatio
ns3/
3aho
w m
etal
s re
act
with
oxy
gen,
wat
er, a
cid
s an
d o
xid
es o
f oth
er m
etal
s, a
nd w
hat
the
pro
duc
ts o
f the
se r
eact
ions
are
3/3c
how
a r
eact
ivity
ser
ies
of m
etal
s ca
n b
e d
eter
min
ed b
y co
nsid
erin
g th
ese
reac
tions
, and
use
d t
o m
ake
pre
dic
tions
ab
out
othe
r re
actio
ns
Q N
o13
Tie
r5–
7
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 5–
7 P
aper
Tw
o
58
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
3an
y th
ree
from
*
by
pho
tosy
nthe
sis
*ca
rbon
dio
xid
e an
d w
ater
use
d
*ox
ygen
pro
duc
ed
*ch
loro
phy
ll o
rch
loro
pla
sts
abso
rb s
olar
ene
rgy
or
sunl
ight
(b)
1*
carb
ohyd
rate
s
(c)
(i)1
any
one
from
*lo
ss o
f hab
itat
*us
e of
her
bic
ides
or
wee
dki
llers
*cl
imat
e ch
ange
*co
mp
etiti
on w
ith o
ther
pla
nts
(ii)
1*
it in
crea
ses
bec
ause
the
re is
mor
e lig
ht o
rth
ere
is m
ore
pho
tosy
nthe
sis
Tota
l6
do
not
acce
pt
'gro
win
g p
opul
atio
ns' a
s th
isan
swer
is t
oova
gue
bo
thth
e an
swer
and
the
exp
lana
tion
are
req
uire
d fo
r th
em
ark
acce
pt
'mor
e b
uild
ings
'
acce
pt
'glo
bal
war
min
g'
acce
pt
for
two
mar
ks t
he s
econ
d a
nd t
hird
mar
king
poi
nts
in a
wor
d o
rsy
mb
ol e
qua
tion,
for
exam
ple
'c
arb
on d
ioxi
de
+ w
ater
→gl
ucos
e+
oxy
gen'
ac
cep
t 's
olar
ene
rgy
tran
sfer
red
to
chem
ical
ener
gy'
Q N
o14
Tie
r5–
72/
2aab
out
the
need
for
a b
alan
ced
die
t co
ntai
ning
car
boh
ydra
tes,
pro
tein
s, fa
ts, m
iner
als,
vita
min
s, fi
bre
and
wat
er, a
nd a
bou
tfo
ods
that
are
sou
rces
of t
hese
2/3a
that
pla
nts
need
car
bon
dio
xid
e, w
ater
and
ligh
t fo
r p
hoto
synt
hesi
s, a
nd p
rod
uce
bio
mas
s an
d o
xyge
n2/
5aab
out
way
s in
whi
ch li
ving
thi
ngs
and
the
env
ironm
ent
can
be
pro
tect
ed, a
nd t
he im
por
tanc
e of
sus
tain
able
dev
elop
men
t
Q N
o14
Tie
r5–
7
2003
KS
3 S
cien
ce M
ark
Sch
eme
Tie
r 5–
7 P
aper
Tw
o
59
Par
tM
ark
Ans
wer
Acc
ept
Ad
dit
iona
l gui
dan
ce
(a)
1an
y o
nefr
om*
only
a s
mal
l sam
ple
or
insu
ffici
ent
evid
ence
*a
big
ger
sam
ple
may
hav
e b
oys
with
gre
en
eyes
(b)
1an
y tw
ofr
om*
arm
span
*ha
ndsp
an*
heig
ht*
mas
s
(c)
2*
fals
e*
true
*tr
ue*
cann
ot t
ell
Tota
l4
awar
d t
wo
mar
ks if
all
four
ans
wer
s ar
e co
rrec
taw
ard
one
mar
k fo
r th
ree
or
two
corr
ect
answ
ers
bo
than
swer
s ar
e re
qui
red
for
the
mar
k
acce
pt
'the
y on
ly t
este
d b
oys
in t
heir
clas
s'
Q N
o15
Tie
r5–
71/
2dco
nsid
er k
ey fa
ctor
s th
at n
eed
to
be
take
n in
to a
ccou
nt w
hen
colle
ctin
g ev
iden
ce, a
nd h
ow e
vid
ence
may
be
colle
cted
inco
ntex
ts,f
or e
xam
ple
, fiel
dw
ork,
sur
veys
, in
whi
ch t
he v
aria
ble
s ca
nnot
rea
dily
be
cont
rolle
d1/
2oco
nsid
er w
heth
er t
he e
vid
ence
is s
uffic
ient
to
sup
por
t an
y co
nclu
sion
s or
inte
rpre
tatio
ns m
ade
Q N
o15
Tie
r5–
7
First published in 2003
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GCE A LEVEL
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