KS3 Chemistry

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© Boardworks Ltd 2004 1 of 20 © Boardworks Ltd 2005 1 of 36 KS3 Chemistry 8E Atoms and Elements

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KS3 Chemistry. 8E Atoms and Elements. Contents. 8E Atoms and Elements. What are atoms and elements?. Symbols for elements. Elements in the periodic table. Making compounds. Chemical reactions. Summary activities. How many different substances are there?. How many - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of KS3 Chemistry

Page 1: KS3 Chemistry

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KS3 Chemistry

8E Atoms and Elements

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8E Atoms and Elements

Elements in the periodic table

Summary activities

Chemical reactions

What are atoms and elements?

Symbols for elements

Contents

Making compounds

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How many different substances are there?

There are millions of different substances!What are they all made of?

How many different substances

can you think of?

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All substances are made of atoms

All substances are made of very tiny particles called atoms.

hydrogen and oxygen atoms

carbon and hydrogen atoms

carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen and sulphur atoms

iron, aluminium, silicon, oxygen

and boron atoms

Many substances are made up of different types of atoms.

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What is an element?

All substances are made of very tiny particles called atoms.

The elements are the simplest substances in the universe.

The elements are the building blocks of all other substances.

copper

carbon

There are about one hundred substances that are made up of just one type of atom. These are the elements.

helium

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An element is a substance made up of only one type of atom.

Atoms in elements

The element Copper is an

element made up of copper atoms only.

The element Carbon is an

element made up ofcarbon atoms only.

The element Helium is an

element made up ofhelium atoms only.

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Atoms and molecules of elements

In some elements, the atoms are joined in groups of two or more. A particle containing atoms grouped in this way is called a molecule.

An element is a substance made up of only one type of atom.

Other elements, that contain atoms joined in molecules are hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine and bromine.

Oxygen is an element made up of oxygen atoms only.

How many atoms are there in an

oxygen molecule?

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8E Atoms and Elements

Elements in the periodic table

Summary activities

Chemical reactions

What are atoms and elements?

Symbols for elements

Contents

Making compounds

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The symbol for many of the more common elements uses just the first letter of the name.

Introducing chemical symbols

A standard set of symbols is used to represent elements:

hydrogen

H =carbonC =fluorineF =

oxygenO =nitrogen

N =

Others elements have the first two letters.

lithiumLi =aluminium

Al =heliumHe

=

Some of the symbols are not always as you might expect.

leadPb =goldAu =silver

Ag =

iodineI =

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Symbols as an international language

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How to write symbols for elements

Two important rules should be followed when writing the symbols of elements so that there is no confusion.

1. The first letter of an element’s symbol is always a capital letter.

2. If there are two letters in the element’s symbol, the second letter is always a small letter.

e.g. N (not n) for

nitrogen

e.g. Co (not CO) for cobalt

No, Watson! It was carbon monoxide

poisoning – not cobalt.

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Chemical symbols game

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The Story of ‘The Kid’

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1. Board game: carbon, helium, two sulphurs

2. Relative: sulphur, oxygen, nitrogen 3. Fuel: carbon, oxygen, aluminium

4. Group of fish: sulphur, hydrogen, oxygen, aluminium

5. For the rubbish: boron, iodine, nitrogen

CHeSS

SON

COAl

SHOAl

BIN

Spelling with symbols activity

Write down the symbols for each element listed and use these to spell out a word that matches the clue.

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In some elements, the atoms are joined together and form molecules. Combining the symbols of the atoms in a molecule gives you the formula of the molecule.

What is the formula for the molecules in each element?

Symbols for molecules of elements

nitrogen

oxygen

N2

O2There are groups of

two atoms in each

molecule.

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8E Atoms and Elements

Elements in the periodic table

Summary activities

Chemical reactions

What are atoms and elements?

Symbols for elements

Contents

Making compounds

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Arranging elements

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antimony (Sb)

Is this element a or a ?

H

Li

Na

K

Rb

Cs

Fr

Be

Sc Ti

Mg

V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge Se BrCa Kr

Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Pd Ag Cd In Sn SbSr TeRh

Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Au Hg Tl Pb Bi PoLa AtPt

Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? ?Ac ?

Al P

N O

S Cl

F Ne

Ar

Rn

I

Si

Xe

He

B C

AsFeFe

Mg SPMg SP

CuCu

metal non-metal

IISb

Hard to say!

Sb

Metal or non-metal?

iodine (I)iron (Fe)copper (Cu)phosphorus (P)sulfur (S)magnesium (Mg)

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Metals and non-metals in the periodic table

The periodic table is a list of all the known elements which are arranged according to the similarities in their properties.

Non-metals are mostly on the right.

Metals are on the left and in the centre.

What type of elements are between metals and non-metals?

Xe

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Types of elements in the periodic table

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Metal, non-metal or metalloid?

H

Li

Na

K

Rb

Cs

Fr

Be

Sc Ti

Mg

V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge Se BrCa Kr

Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Pd Ag Cd In Sn SbSr TeRh

Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Au Hg Tl Pb Bi PoLa AtPt

Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? ?Ac ?

Al P

N O

S Cl

F Ne

Ar

Rn

I

Si

Xe

He

B C

As

silicon (Si) metalloidfrancium (Fr) metalscandium (Sc) metalkrypton (Kr) non-metalcobalt (Co) metal

What aremetalloids?

Which side are the non-metals on?

Which side are the

metals on?

Metalloids sometimes behave like metals and

sometimes like non-metals.

Metals are on the left and in

the centre.

Non-metals are mostly

on the right.

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8E Atoms and Elements

Elements in the periodic table

Summary activities

Chemical reactions

What are atoms and elements?

Symbols for elements

Contents

Making compounds

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Combining elements

How is possible to have so many different materials from a limited number of elements?

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Combining elements

How do you get so many different cheeses?

What is the key ingredient in all cheeses?

Milk is combined with a small number of ingredients under different conditions to make a huge number of different cheeses.

In a similar way, a small number of elements can be combined in many different ways to make a huge

number of different compounds.

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What is a compound?

A compound is the substance produced when two or more elements combine in a chemical reaction.

A compound is always made up of two or moredifferent types of atom.

Two elements, hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O), combine to make the compound, water.

Which two elements combine to make the compound carbon dioxide?

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Making a compound – carbon dioxide

A compound has very different properties to the elements from which it is made.

carbon dioxide

A colourless gas which is used to put out fires.

to make

carbon

A black solid which can be

used as a fuel.

combines with

compound

elementsoxygen

A colourless gas which is essential

for life.

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Making a compound – water

What are the elements which make up water? In what ways are the elements different to their compound?

to makecombines with

compound

elementswater

A liquid which is essential to our

lives and has many different uses.

hydrogen

A colourless gas which is used in hot air balloons.

A colourless gas which is essential

for life.

oxygen

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Element or compound?

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Element or compound?

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8E Atoms and Elements

Elements in the periodic table

Summary activities

Chemical reactions

What are atoms and elements?

Symbols for elements

Contents

Making compounds

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Chemical reaction to make water

Elements combine with each other to make new substances called compounds.

In a chemical reaction new substances are formed.

hydrogen

The substances which combine in a reaction are the reactants. The new substances produced in a reaction are the products.

Compounds can also combine with elements or other

The products have different properties to the reactants fromwhich they are formed.

water

compounds to make new compounds.

+oxygen

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When the two elements, hydrogen and oxygen, combine in a chemical reaction,

Atoms joining in a chemical reaction

In a chemical reaction, the atoms in the reactants become joined in different ways and this is how

new substances are formed.

hydrogen oxygen water+

+H H

H HO O

the hydrogen and oxygen atoms do not just mix together they become joined to one another.

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8E Atoms and Elements

Elements in the periodic table

Summary activities

Chemical reactions

What are atoms and elements?

Symbols for elements

Contents

Making compounds

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Glossary

atom – The smallest particle that can exist on its own.

compound – Substance made up of two or more different elements that are chemically joined together.

element – Substance made up of only one type of atom.

formula – The symbols and numbers that represent the atoms in a substance.

molecule – Two or more atoms that are chemically joined together.

periodic table – Table in which all known elements are arranged based on their properties.

symbol – One or two letters that represent an element.

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Anagrams

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Multiple-choice quiz